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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Disaggregating Smart Meter Data to Identify Electric Loads and Control Opportunities

As utility data, such as smart meter data, becomes more broadly available, there is general interest in using it to improve utility operations and enable adoption of other advanced technology - such as solar photovoltaics (PV), energy storage, and controls. We explore one such use case - identifying electric resistance water heaters from smart meter data, as well as characterizing their potential for load-shifting to support grid voltage stability under high-penetration PV adoption. This paper shows the limitation of typical 15-minute data, and how shortterm capture of additional 1-minute data is needed to enable the desired application. Results indicate about 4 kWh water heating load can be shifted to align with peak sun hours in a low use home. This methodology is an example, and can be adapted to other grid-integrated efficient building use cases.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS2022

RF Environment Data Analysis for UAS Operations

As the usage of radio frequency spectrum and uncrewed aircraft systems continue to grow, the radio frequency environment and its implications to flight safety should be understood. This is important to ensure control and command links as well as data collection links maintain strong communications during flight. NASA System-Wide Safety (SWS) is currently developing standards of flight safety but lacks methods for establishing confidence in the availability of radio frequency space to make a go/no-go decision for drone flights. This study examines information about the radio modules used by SWS and how they interact with the RF environment though analysis of historical spectrum data. This review studies the potential effectiveness of observing the power spread and occupancy methods as they apply to the flight system radios. It has been determined that viewing the frequency and time when the environment is greater than a threshold which indicates potential interference levels may give insight into the patterns of spectrum usage.

Radio Frequency↗
NASA NTRS1993

Characteristics of hypervelocity impact craters on LDEF experiment S1003 and implications of small particle impacts on reflective surfaces

The Ion Beam textured and coated surfaces EXperiment (IBEX), designated S1003, was flown on LDEF at a location 98 deg in a north facing direction relative to the ram direction. Thirty-six diverse materials were exposed to the micrometeoroid (and some debris) environment for 5.8 years. Optical property measurements indicated no changes for almost all of the materials except S-13G, Kapton, and Kapton-coated surfaces, and these changes can be explained by other environmental effects. From the predicted micrometeoroid flux of NASA SP-8013, no significant changes in optical properties of the surfaces due to micrometeoroids were expected. There were hypervelocity impacts on the various diverse materials flown on IBEX, and the characteristics of these craters were documented using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The S1003 alumigold-coated aluminum cover tray was sectioned into 2 cm x 2 cm pieces for crater documentation. The flux curve generated from this crater data fits well between the 1969 micrometeoroid model and the Kessler debris model for particles less than 10(exp -9) gm which were corrected for the S1003 positions (98 deg to ram). As the particle mass increases, the S1003 impact data is greater than that predicted by even the debris model. This, however, is consistent with data taken on intercostal F07 by the Micrometeoroid/Debris Special Investigating Group (M/D SIG). The mirrored surface micrometeoroid detector flown on IBEX showed no change in solar reflectance and corroborated the S1003 flux curve, as well as results of this surface flown on SERT 2 and OSO 3 for as long as 21 years.

Mirtich, Michael J.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Extension of a coarse grained particle method to simulate heat transfer in fluidized beds

The heat transfer in a gas-solids fluidized bed is simulated with computational fluid dynamic-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) and coarse grained particle method (CGPM). In CGPM fewer numerical particles and their collisions are tracked by lumping several real particles into a computational parcel. Here, the assumption is that the real particles inside a coarse grained particle (CGP) are made from same species and share identical physical properties including density, diameter and temperature. The parcel-fluid convection term in CGPM is calculated using the same method as in DEM. For all other heat transfer mechanisms, we derive in this study mathematical expressions that relate the new heat transfer terms for CGPM to those traditionally derived in DEM. This newly derived CGPM model is verified and validated by comparing the results with CFD-DEM simulation results and experiment data. The numerical results compare well with experimental data for both hydrodynamics and temperature profiles. Finally, the proposed CGPM model can be used for fast and accurate simulations of heat transfer in large scale gas-solids fluidized beds.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2014

Flow strength of tantalum under ramp compression to 250 GPa

A magnetic loading technique was used to study the strength of polycrystalline tantalum ramp compressed to peak stresses between 60 and 250 GPa. Velocimetry was used to monitor the planar ramp compression and release of various tantalum samples. A wave profile analysis was then employed to determine the pressure-dependence of the average shear stress upon unloading at strain rates on the order of 10{sup 5} s{sup −1}. Experimental uncertainties were quantified using a Monte Carlo approach, where values of 5% in the estimated pressure and 9–17% in the shear stress were calculated. The measured deviatoric response was found to be in good agreement with existing lower pressure strength data as well as several strength models. Significant deviations between the experiments and models, however, were observed at higher pressures where shear stresses of up to 5 GPa were measured. Additionally, these data suggest a significant effect of the initial material processing on the high pressure strength. Heavily worked or sputtered samples were found to support up to a 30% higher shear stress upon release than an annealed material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Viability of the matter bounce scenario in Loop Quantum Cosmology from BICEP2 last data

The CMB map provided by the Planck project constrains the value of the ratio of tensor-to-scalar perturbations, namely r, to be smaller than 0.11 (95 % CL). This bound rules out the simplest models of inflation. However, recent data from BICEP2 is in strong tension with this constrain, as it finds a value r=0.20{sup +0.07}{sub -0.05} with 0r= disfavored at 7.0 σ, which allows these simplest inflationary models to survive. The remarkable fact is that, even though the BICEP2 experiment was conceived to search for evidence of inflation, its experimental data matches correctly theoretical results coming from the matter bounce scenario (the alternative model to the inflationary paradigm). More precisely, most bouncing cosmologies do not pass Planck's constrains due to the smallness of the value of the tensor/scalar ratio r≤ 0.11, but with new BICEP2 data some of them fit well with experimental data. This is the case with the matter bounce scenario in the teleparallel version of Loop Quantum Cosmology.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using lower-redshift, non-CMB, data to constrain the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters

Here we use updated Hubble parameter and baryon acoustic oscillation data, as well as other lower-redshift Type Ia supernova, Mg ii reverberation-measured quasar, quasar angular size, H ii starburst galaxy, and Amati-correlated gamma-ray burst data, to jointly constrain cosmological parameters in six cosmological models. The joint analysis provides model-independent determinations of the Hubble constant, H 0 = 69.7 ± 1.2 km s -1 Mpc -1 , and the current non-relativistic matter density parameter, Ω m0 = 0.295 ± 0.017. These error bars are factors of 2.2 and 2.3 larger than the corresponding error bars in the flat ΛCDM model from Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE+lensing cosmic microwave background anisotropy data. Based on the deviance information criterion (DIC), the flat ΛCDM model is most favored but mild dark energy dynamics and a little spatial curvature are not ruled out.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Centre-excised X-ray luminosity as an efficient mass proxy for future galaxy cluster surveys

The cosmological constraining power of modern galaxy cluster catalogues can be improved by obtaining low-scatter mass proxy measurements for even a small fraction of sources. In the context of large upcoming surveys that will reveal the cluster population down to the group scale and out to high redshifts, efficient strategies for obtaining such mass proxies will be valuable. Here in this work, we use high-quality weak-lensing and X-ray mass estimates for massive clusters in current X-ray-selected catalogues to revisit the scaling relations of the projected, centre-excised X-ray luminosity (L ce ), which previous work suggests correlates tightly with total mass. Our data confirm that this is the case with Lce having an intrinsic scatter at fixed mass comparable to that of gas mass, temperature or YX. Compared to the other proxies, however, Lce is less susceptible to systematic uncertainties due to background modelling, and can be measured precisely with shorter exposures. This opens up the possibility of using L ce to estimate masses for large numbers of clusters discovered by new X-ray surveys (e.g. eROSITA) directly from the survey data, as well as for clusters discovered at other wavelengths with relatively short follow-up observations. We describe a simple procedure for making such estimates from X-ray surface brightness data, and comment on the spatial resolution required to apply this method as a function of cluster mass and redshift. Lastly, we also explore the potential impact of Chandra and XMM–Newton follow-up observations over the next decade on dark energy constraints from new cluster surveys.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Casimir force, causality, and the Gurzhi model

An extended Drude model, termed the Gurzhi model, which takes into account the electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions, is applied to calculate the Casimir force between two metallic plates. It is shown that although the dielectric permittivity of the Gurzhi model has a first-order pole in the upper half-plane of complex frequencies and, thus, violates the causality principle, it can be used in a restricted frequency interval in combination with the experimental permittivity determined by the optical data for the complex index of refraction. The imaginary part of the Gurzhi dielectric permittivity of Au at low frequencies demonstrates better agreement with the permittivity given by the optical data than the simple Drude model. The Casimir pressure between two Au plates is computed using the Gurzhi, Drude, and plasma model approaches, taking into account the optical data, as well as with the simple Drude and plasma models. Finally, the contribution of the electron-electron scattering to the Casimir pressure is estimated. Although a comparison with the measurement data of two precise experiments shows that the Gurzhi model does not resolve the Casimir puzzle, the obtained results suggest further clarification of this fundamental problem.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Data Confidentiality Challenges in Big Data Applications

In this paper, we address the problem of data confidentiality in big data analytics. In many fields, much useful patterns can be extracted by applying machine learning techniques to big data. However, data confidentiality must be protected. In many scenarios, data confidentiality could well be a prerequisite for data to be shared. We present a scheme to provide provable secure data confidentiality and discuss various techniques to optimize performance of such a system.

data confidentiality↗
DOE OSTI2014

Poster — Thur Eve — 43: Monte Carlo Modeling of Flattening Filter Free Beams and Studies of Relative Output Factors

Flattening filter free (FFF) beams have been adopted by many clinics and used for patient treatment. However, compared to the traditional flattened beams, we have limited knowledge of FFF beams. In this study, we successfully modeled the 6 MV FFF beam for Varian TrueBeam accelerator with the Monte Carlo (MC) method. Both the percentage depth dose and profiles match well to the Golden Beam Data (GBD) from Varian. MC simulations were then performed to predict the relative output factors. The in-water output ratio, Scp, was simulated in water phantom and data obtained agrees well with GBD. The in-air output ratio, Sc, was obtained by analyzing the phase space placed at isocenter, in air, and computing the ratio of water Kerma rates for different field sizes. The phantom scattering factor, Sp, can then be obtained from the traditional way of taking the ratio of Scp and Sc. We also simulated Sp using a recently proposed method based on only the primary beam dose delivery in water phantom. Because there is no concern of lateral electronic disequilibrium, this method is more suitable for small fields. The results from both methods agree well with each other. The flattened 6 MV beam was simulated and compared to 6 MV FFF. The comparison confirms that 6 MV FFF has less scattering from the Linac head and less phantom scattering contribution to the central axis dose, which will be helpful for improving accuracy in beam modeling and dose calculation in treatment planning systems.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Oak Ridge Graph Analytics for Medical Innovation (ORiGAMI)

In this era of data-driven decisions and discovery where Big Data is producing Bigger Data, data scientists at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory are leveraging unique leadership infrastructure (e.g., Urika XA and Urika GD appliances) to develop scalable algorithms for semantic, logical and statistical reasoning with Big Data (i.e., data stored in databases as well as unstructured data in documents). ORiGAMI is a next-generation knowledge-discovery framework that is: (a) knowledge nurturing (i.e., evolves seamlessly with newer knowledge and data), (b) smart and curious (i.e. using information-foraging and reasoning algorithms to digest content) and (c) synergistic (i.e., interfaces computers with what they do best to help subject-matter-experts do their best. ORiGAMI has been demonstrated using the National Library of Medicine's SEMANTIC MEDLINE (archive of medical knowledge since 1994).

Roberts, LarryW.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Preparing for In Situ Processing on Upcoming Leading-edge Supercomputers

High performance computing applications are producing increasingly large amounts of data and placing enormous stress on current capabilities for traditional post-hoc visualization techniques. Because of the growing compute and I/O imbalance, data reductions, including in situ visualization, are required. These reduced data are used for analysis and visualization in a variety of different ways. Many of he visualization and analysis requirements are known a priori, but when they are not, scientists are dependent on the reduced data to accurately represent the simulation in post hoc analysis. The contributions of this paper is a description of the directions we are pursuing to assist a large scale fusion simulation code succeed on the next generation of supercomputers. Finally, these directions include the role of in situ processing for performing data reductions, as well as the tradeoffs between data size and data integrity within the context of complex operations in a typical scientific workflow.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

9A Injection: November 28 thru December 1, 2017

Processed Gladwin Tensor Strainmeter, eddy current vertical strain and tilt, optical fiber areal strainmeter, and well pressure and injection rate data from the well 9A injection on November 28 thru December 1, 2017, at the North Avant Field, OK

Geologic Carbon Storage↗
DOE OSTI2019

9A Injection: June 28 thru July 23, 2018

Processed Gladwin Tensor Strainmeter, eddy current vertical strain and tilt, optical fiber areal strainmeter, and well pressure and injection rate data from the well 9A injection on June 28 thru July 23, 2017, at the North Avant Field, OK

Geologic Carbon Storage↗
DOE OSTI2014

Using Micro-Synchrophasor Data for Advanced Distribution Grid Planning and Operations Analysis

This report reviews the potential for distribution-grid phase-angle data that will be available from new micro-synchrophasors (µPMUs) to be utilized in existing distribution-grid planning and operations analysis. This data could augment the current diagnostic capabilities of grid analysis software, used in both planning and operations for applications such as fault location, and provide data for more accurate modeling of the distribution system. µPMUs are new distribution-grid sensors that will advance measurement and diagnostic capabilities and provide improved visibility of the distribution grid, enabling analysis of the grid’s increasingly complex loads that include features such as large volumes of distributed generation. Large volumes of DG leads to concerns on continued reliable operation of the grid, due to changing power flow characteristics and active generation, with its own protection and control capabilities. Using µPMU data on change in voltage phase angle between two points in conjunction with new and existing distribution-grid planning and operational tools is expected to enable model validation, state estimation, fault location, and renewable resource/load characterization. Our findings include: data measurement is outstripping the processing capabilities of planning and operational tools; not every tool can visualize a voltage phase-angle measurement to the degree of accuracy measured by advanced sensors, and the degree of accuracy in measurement required for the distribution grid is not defined; solving methods cannot handle the high volumes of data generated by modern sensors, so new models and solving methods (such as graph trace analysis) are needed; standardization of sensor-data communications platforms in planning and applications tools would allow integration of different vendors’ sensors and advanced measurement devices. In addition, data from advanced sources such as µPMUs could be used to validate models to improve/ensure accuracy, providing information on normally estimated values such as underground conductor impedance, and characterization of complex loads. Although the input of high-fidelity data to existing tools will be challenging, µPMU data on phase angle (as well as other data from advanced sensors) will be useful for basic operational decisions that are based on a trend of changing data.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Utilizing Sensitivity and Correlation Coefficients from MCNP and Whisper to Guide Microreactor Experiment Design

When designing experiments for full-scale reactor systems, MCNP®* and Whisper can be used to create neutronic models and compare the similarity of two nuclear systems via correlation coefficients for κ eff , effective multiplication factor. This thesis applies this framework to a conceptual heat-pipe, yttrium-hydride moderated microreactor system and experiments. The framework is intended as a supplement to other neutronics/thermal/multiphysics analyses and provides a concrete method to measure the neutronic similarity of two systems. By analyzing the shared nuclear data uncertainty, as well as sensitivity to nuclear data over all neutron energies, highly informative experiments can be designed to aid in the development of microreactor and other advanced reactor technologies and systems.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2016

MPACT Verification and Validation Manual (rev 1)

The MPACT code provides the capability to calculate the steady-state and transient reactor core neutron distribution for operating nuclear power plant (PWR) conditions across multiple fuel cycles. As required in the CASL SQA plan, it is the responsibility of UM and ORNL as joint owners of MPACT to ensure that verification and validation activities are performed and documented in a V&V manual with supporting publications and CASL technical reports which can be distributed for reference and distribution within VERA. This document provides the first revision of the MPACT verification and validation (V&V) manual and describes the current state of MPACT V&V and updates the framework for future MPACT V&V activities. During FY16, MPACT V&V activities in the areas of code verification have continued to mature and work has progressed on code error evaluation using the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS). Several specific tasks have also been completed to improve MPACT code verification to include tasks to improve the unit and regression test coverage. A joint UM/ORNL task was completed to develop standardize coding standards and workflow for the continued collaborative development of MPACT. During the past year, MPACT validation work has continued in both the areas of measured data from critical experiments as well as measured data from operating nuclear power plants. Preliminary work was also performed in FY16 on the use of post-irradiation examinations for evaluation and validation of the isotopic depletion capability in MPACT. Based on the results of V&V efforts this past year, the confidence level has increased in the ability of MPACT to model an operational Pressurized Water Reactor. Areas were identified which require increased emphasis during FY17 to include updating all the V&V problems with the new 51-group library, the completion of cycle 2 of the BEAVRS benchmark, initial validation for BWR applications, the addition of Uncertainty Quantification results into the benchmark results, and the completion of specific validation tasks for the CASL Challenge problems.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗