Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Remote Design”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66

An introduction to neuromorphic computing and its potential impact for unattended ground sensors

Neuromorphic computers are hardware systems that mimic the brain’s computational process phenomenology. This is in contrast to neural network accelerators, such as the Google TPU or the Intel Neural Compute Stick, which seek to accelerate the fundamental computation and data flows of neural network models used in the field of machine learning. Neuromorphic computers emulate the integrate and fire neuron dynamics of the brain to achieve a spiking communication architecture for computation. While neural networks are brain-inspired, they drastically oversimplify the brain’s computation model. Neuromorphic architectures are closer to the true computation model of the brain (albeit, still simplified). Neuromorphic computing models herald a 1000x power improvement over conventional CPU architectures. Sandia National Labs is a major contributor to the research community on neuromorphic systems by performing design analysis, evaluation, and algorithm development for neuromorphic computers. Space-based remote sensing development has been a focused target of funding for exploratory research into neuromorphic systems for their potential advantage in that program area; SNL has led some of these efforts. Recently, neuromorphic application evaluation has reached the NA-22 program area. This same exploratory research and algorithm development should penetrate the unattended ground sensor space for SNL’s mission partners and program areas. Neuromorphic computing paradigms offer a distinct advantage for the SWaP-constrained embedded systems of our diverse sponsor-driven program areas.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Phase 1 of the First Small Power System Experiment (engineering Experiment No. 1). Volume 2: System Concept Selection

The development of a modular solar thermal power system for application in the 1 to 10 MWe range is presented. The system is used in remote utility applications, small communities, rural areas, and for industrial uses. Systems design and systems optimization studies are conducted which consider plant size, annual capacity factors, and startup time as variables. Investigations are performed on the energy storage requirements and type of energy storage, concentrator design and field optimization, energy transport, and power conversion subsystems. The system utilizes a Rankine cycle, an axial flow steam turbine for power conversion, and heat transfer sodium for collector fluid.

Holl, R. J.↗

Opportunities and problems in introducing or expanding the teaching of remote sensing in universities

The need for degree programs in remote sensing is considered. Any education program which claims to train remote sensing specialists must include expertise in the physical principles upon which remote sensing is based. These principles dictate the limits of engineering and design, computer analysis, photogrammetry, and photointerpretation. Faculty members must be hired to provide emphasis in those five areas.

Maxwell, E. L.↗

Remote measurement of trace gases with the JPL laser absorption spectrometer

Extensive data from large regions are needed as a basis for the study of anthropogenic trace gases in the troposphere. The need arises, therefore, for an instrument which is capable to monitor rapidly the atmosphere in a region. The present investigation is concerned with the results of efforts to develop an instrument which is capable of remotely measuring gases in the troposphere. The Laser Absorption Spectrometer (LAS) was designed for use in aircraft, and was employed to measure tropospheric ozone distribution since 1977. Attention is given to a description of the LAS instrument, the theoretical basis of instrument operation, LAS measurement programs, the results of the LAS development program, and future work.

Shumate, M. S.↗

Processing Digital Imagery Data

Earth Resources Laboratory Applications Software (ELAS) is geobased information system designed for analyzing and processing digital imagery data. ELAS offers user of remotely sensed data wide range of easy to use capabilities in areas of land cover analysis. ELAS system written in FORTRAN and Assembler for batch or interactive processing.

Conner, P. K.↗

An overview of the space remote manipulator system

An overview of the system requirements and performance of the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) is given. Data on some of the mechanical design considerations that were necessary during the development program are presented. The operational success of both the Orbiter and the SRMS during flights of Space Transportation System-2, -3, and -4 is ample evidence that the SRMS performed as expected and as desired. While some minor improvements were made in the follow-on production systems, one of which was delivered and two of which are currently under construction, the system design did not change significantly. Thus, information given is applicable to all the manipulator systems.

Ussher, T. H.↗

Future interactive data systems

The information and control requirements of the investigator-users of future free-flying, platform-based, or Space Station-based scientific experiments are assessed, and the implications of these requirements for the design of the information systems are discussed. The principal requirements include near-real-time interaction with the payload, distributed or remote payload command and control, rapid access to quick-look data, flexibility of payload command sequences, on-demand uplink-downlink availability, system transparency, and modular design to facilitate replacement of system components. Current developments in systems architecture such as increased use of onboard microprocessors to select and preprocess data and transmit autonomous streams directly to the user, standardization of interfaces, and the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System are characterized, and block diagrams of present and future systems are provided.

Bracken, P. A.↗

Gaussian maximum likelihood and contextual classification algorithms for multicrop classification experiments using thematic mapper and multispectral scanner sensor data

The paper presents the results of a four-factor two-level analysis of a variance experiment designed to evaluate the combined effect of the improved quality of remote-sensor data and the use of context by the classifier on classification accuracy. The improvement achievable by using the context via relaxation techniques is significantly smaller than that provided by an increase of the radiometric resolution of the sensor from 6 to 8 bits per sample (the relative increase in radiometric resolution of TM relative to MSS). It is almost equal to that achievable by an increase in the spectral coverage as provided by TM relative to MSS.

Di Zenzo, Silvano↗

PC-based Multiple Information System Interface (PC/MISI) design plan

The general design plan for the implementation of a common user interface to multiple remote information systems within a microcomputer-based environment is presented. The intent is to provide a framework for the development of detailed specifications which will be used as guidelines for the actual development of the system.

Dominick, Wayne D.↗

Birefringent-Filter Model

Birefringent Filter Model computer program implements stand-alone mathematical model of birefringent filter for use in design and analysis of birefringent filter. Developed to aid in design of solid-state lasers used on aircraft or spacecraft in remote sensing of atmosphere. General enough to enable user to address such problems as temperature-stability requirements, manufacturing tolerances, and alignment tolerances. Written in Microsoft FORTRAN 2.0.

Cross, Patricia L.↗

An airborne C-band scatterometer for remote sensing the air-sea interface

An airborne C-band scatterometer system (C-Scat) has been developed for remote sensing of the air-sea interface. The sensor has been designed to fly on a number of research aircraft, beginning with the NASA Ames Research Center's C-130B, on which test flights were conducted in August of 1988. The scatterometer utilizes a 10-W solid-state power amplifier and a frequency-steered microstrip array antenna which is installed beneath the fuselage of the airplane. The antenna is electrically scanned in elevation from 20 to 50 deg off nadir, and it is mechanically rotated 360 deg in azimuth. The system is fully computer controlled and is capable of accurately measuring ocean-surface normalized radar cross section (NRCS) from altitudes as high as 25,000 feet. It has been developed to study the relationship between NRCS and ocean-surface roughness influences such as wind speed and direction, wave height and slope, and air-sea temperature difference.

Mclaughlin, D. J.↗

Stereoscopic displays and applications; Proceedings of the Meeting, Santa Clara, CA, Feb. 12-14, 1990

The present conference discusses topics in the fields of stereoscopic displays' user interfaces, three-dimensional (TD) visualization, novel TD displays, and applications of stereoscopic displays. Attention is given to TD cockpit displays, novel computational control techniques for stereo TD displays, characterization of higher-dimensional presentation techniques, volume visualization on a stereoscopic display, and stereoscopic displays for terrain-data base visualization. Also discussed are the experimental design of cyberspaces, a volumetric environment for interactive design of three-dimensional objects, videotape recording of TD TV images, remote manipulator tasks rendered possible by stereo TV, TD endoscopy based on alternating-frame technology, and advancements in computer-generated barrier-strip autostereography.

Merritt, John O.↗

Remote driving with reduced bandwidth communication

Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed a real-time video transmission system for low bandwidth remote operations. The system supports both continuous transmission of video for remote driving and progressive transmission of still images. Inherent in the system design is a spatiotemporal limitation to the effects of channel errors. The average data rate of the system is 64,000 bits/s, a compression of approximately 1000:1 for the black and white National Television Standard Code video. The image quality of the transmissions is maintained at a level that supports teleoperation of a high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle at speeds up to 15 mph on a moguled dirt track. Video compression is achieved by using Laplacian image pyramids and a combination of classical techniques. Certain subbands of the image pyramid are transmitted by using interframe differencing with a periodic refresh to aid in bandwidth reduction. Images are also foveated to concentrate image detail in a steerable region. The system supports dynamic video quality adjustments between frame rate, image detail, and foveation rate. A typical configuration for the system used during driving has a frame rate of 4 Hz, a compression per frame of 125:1, and a resulting latency of less than 1s.

Depiero, Frederick W.↗

Maximizing Performance Of A Telerobot With Minimal Software

Control software system of seven-degree-of-freedom telerobot designed to elicit maximum performance from minimal, fixed-software computer at remote robot site. Includes multiple control modules, each providing parameter-driven control of specified aspect of behavior of telerobot. Software system runs in Ada language on multiple 68020 processors or potentially on single central processing unit. Conceived for use in outer space, also proves useful in underwater construction and inspection, handling of materials in nuclear facilities, and cleaning up hazardous materials.

Backes, Paul G.↗

Proceedings of the 8th Annual Summer Conference: NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program

Papers presented at the 8th Annual Summer Conference are categorized as Space Projects and Aeronautics projects. Topics covered include: Systematic Propulsion Optimization Tools (SPOT), Assured Crew Return Vehicle Post Landing Configuration Design and Test, Autonomous Support for Microorganism Research in Space, Bioregenerative System Components for Microgravity, The Extended Mission Rover (EMR), Planetary Surface Exploration MESUR/Autonomous Lunar Rover, Automation of Closed Environments in Space for Human Comfort and Safety, Walking Robot Design, Extraterrestrial Surface Propulsion Systems, The Design of Four Hypersonic Reconnaissance Aircraft, Design of a Refueling Tanker Delivering Liquid Hydrogen, The Design of a Long-Range Megatransport Aircraft, and Solar Powered Multipurpose Remotely Powered Aircraft.

Source record↗

The real-time display of interferometry data for Goldstone radar astronomy data acquisition

A method for visualizing radar interferometry data in real time has been developed for the Goldstone radar astronomy ranging data-acquisition system. The presentation is similar in appearance to a vector field display or data-based grid. This form was selected to facilitate the recognition of characteristic patterns of local variation in the phase and magnitude of complex elements in a two-dimensional data array. The design emphasized efficiency under the demands of real-time processing and remote monitoring. The interferometry 'phase-magnitude' presentation, as it has come to be called, has been used to monitor radar interferometry experiments on three targets, beginning with the asteroid 4179 Toutatis, and continuing with Mars and Mercury.

Howard, S. D.↗

A Software Architecture for Intelligent Synthesis Environments

The NASA's Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) program is a grand attempt to develop a system to transform the way complex artifacts are engineered. This paper discusses a "middleware" architecture for enabling the development of ISE. Desirable elements of such an Intelligent Synthesis Architecture (ISA) include remote invocation; plug-and-play applications; scripting of applications; management of design artifacts, tools, and artifact and tool attributes; common system services; system management; and systematic enforcement of policies. This paper argues that the ISA extend conventional distributed object technology (DOT) such as CORBA and Product Data Managers with flexible repositories of product and tool annotations and "plug-and-play" mechanisms for inserting "ility" or orthogonal concerns into the system. I describe the Object Infrastructure Framework, an Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) environment for developing distributed systems that provides utility insertion and enables consistent annotation maintenance. This technology can be used to enforce policies such as maintaining the annotations of artifacts, particularly the provenance and access control rules of artifacts-, performing automatic datatype transformations between representations; supplying alternative servers of the same service; reporting on the status of jobs and the system; conveying privileges throughout an application; supporting long-lived transactions; maintaining version consistency; and providing software redundancy and mobility.

Filman, Robert E.↗