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GSFC Information Systems Technology Developments Supporting the Vision for Space Exploration

The Vision for Space Exploration will guide NASA's future human and robotic space activities. The broad range of human and robotic missions now being planned will require the development of new system-level capabilities enabled by emerging new technologies. Goddard Space Flight Center is actively supporting the Vision for Space Exploration in a number of program management, engineering and technology areas. This paper provides a brief background on the Vision for Space Exploration and a general overview of potential key Goddard contributions. In particular, this paper focuses on describing relevant GSFC information systems capabilities in architecture development; interoperable command, control and communications; and other applied information systems technology/research activities that are applicable to support the Vision for Space Exploration goals. Current GSFC development efforts and task activities are presented together with future plans.

Hughes, Peter↗

International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2004 General Meeting Proceedings

This volume is the proceedings of the third General Meeting of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astromctry IVS), held in Otlawa, Canada, February 9-11,2004. The keynote of the third GM was visions for the next decade following the main theme of "Today's Results and Tomorrow's Vision". with a recognition that the outstanding VLBI results available today are the foundation and motivation for the next generation VLBI system requirements. The goal of the meeting was to provide an interesting and informative program for a wide cross section of IVS members, including station operators, program managers, and analysts.

Vandenberg, Nancy R.↗

The Perfect Mate for Safe Fueling

Referred to as the "lifeline for any space launch vehicle" by NASA Space Launch Initiative Program Manager Warren Wiley, an umbilical is a large device that transports power, communications, instrument readings, and fluids such as propellants, pressurization gases, and coolants from one source to another. Numerous launch vehicles, planetary systems, and rovers require umbilical "mating". This process is a driving factor for dependable and affordable space access. With future-generation space vehicles in mind, NASA recently designed a smart, automated method for quickly and reliably mating and demating electrical and fluid umbilical connectors. The new umbilical concept is expected to replace NASA s traditional umbilical systems that release at vehicle lift-off (T-0). The idea is to increase safety by automatically performing hazardous tasks, thus reducing potential failure modes and the time and labor hours necessary to prepare for launch. The new system will also be used as a test bed for quick disconnect development and for advance control and leak detection. It incorporates concepts such as a secondary mate plate, robotic machine vision, and compliant motor motion control, and is destined to advance usage of automated umbilicals in a variety of aerospace and commercial applications.

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Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS) Technology Tool Box (TTB)

The Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS) is a decision support tool designed to aid program managers and strategic planners in determining how to invest technology research and development dollars. It is an Excel-based modeling package that allows a user to build complex space architectures and evaluate the impact of various technology choices. ATLAS contains system models, cost and operations models, a campaign timeline and a centralized technology database. Technology data for all system models is drawn from a common database, the ATLAS Technology Tool Box (TTB). The TTB provides a comprehensive, architecture-independent technology database that is keyed to current and future timeframes.

Doyle, Monica↗

The Status of Lunar Simulants: Conclusions and Recommendations from the 2005 Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials Workshop

No coordinated program currently exists in the U.S.A to define reference materials to be used as analogs of lunar materials. While such efforts have existed at different times in the past (Apollo Landing Module and Lunar Rover programs and NASA's Space Initiative in the early 1990's), the need for mineral materials chosen to simulate the characteristics of lunar regoliths is a pressing issue that must be addressed today through the collaboration of scientists, engineers and program managers. The 2005 Lunar Regolith Materials Workshop was held at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL on January 24-26,2005 to launch a focused effort of defining the requirements of lunar >simulant materials and make specific recommendations to NASA Headquarters for their production. Nearly 100 scientists and engineers worked during 3 days to accomplish these goals. Their conclusions and recommendations will be presented.

Sibille, L.↗

NSTAR Ion Propulsion System Power Electronics

The NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) program, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is currently developing a high performance, simplified ion propulsion system. This propulsion system, which is throttleable from 0.5- to 2.3-kW output power to the thruster, targets primary propulsion applications for planetary and Earth-space missions and has been baselined as the primary propulsion system for the first New Millennium spacecraft. The NASA Lewis Research Center is responsible for the design and delivery of a breadboard power processing unit (PPU) and an engineering model thruster (EMT) for this system and will manage the contract for the delivery of the flight hardware to JPL. The PPU requirements, which dictate a mass of less than 12 kg with an efficiency of 0.9 or greater at a 2.3-kW output, forced a departure from the state-of-the-art ion thruster PPU design. Several innovations--including dual-use topologies, simplified thruster control, and the use of ferrite magnetic materials--were necessary to meet these requirements.

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Dark Forward Electrical Testing of the Mir Cooperative Solar Array

During July 11 to 13, 1995, a team from the NASA Lewis Research Center performed dark forward electrical testing on the Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) flight unit in the Space Station Processing Facility at the NASA Kennedy Space Center. The MCSA was jointly designed and built by the United States and Russia to supply approximately 6 kW of electricity to the Russian Mir space station. The primary objective of testing was to assess the overall electrical performance of the flight array after handling and shipment from Russia to NASA Kennedy. This objective was achieved without the high cost and difficulties of deploying and illuminating the MCSA as is usually done with large-area solar arrays. The data obtained provided U.S. and Russian program managers with a high level of confidence in the MCSA electrical performance prior to the array's launch on shuttle mission STS-74 in November 1995 and its deployment on Mir in May 1996.

Kerslake, Thomas W.↗

Simulant Materials of Lunar Dust: Requirements and feasibility

As NASA turns its exploration ambitions towards the Moon once again, the research and development of new technologies for lunar operations face the challenge of meeting the milestones of a fast-pace schedule, reminiscent of the 1960 s Apollo program. While the lunar samples returned by the Apollo and Luna missions have revealed much about the Moon, these priceless materials exist in too scarce quantities to be used for technology development and testing. The need for mineral materials chosen to simulate the characteristics of lunar regoliths is a pressing issue that must be addressed today through the collaboration of scientists, engineers and program managers. While the larger size fraction of the lunar regolith has been reproduced in several simulants in the past, little attention has been paid to the fines fraction, commonly refered to as lunar dust. As reported by McKay, this fraction of the lunar regolith below 20 microns can represent upto 30% by mass of the total regolith mass. The issue of reproducing the properties of these fines for research and technology development purposes was addressed by the recently held Workshop on Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials at Marshall Space Flight Center. Preliminary conclusions from the workshop and con- side-rations concerning the feasibility of producing such materials will be presented here.

Sibille, L.↗

Bubbly Suspension Generated in Low Gravity

Bubbly suspensions are crucial for mass and heat transport processes on Earth and in space. These processes are relevant to pharmaceutical, chemical, nuclear, and petroleum industries on Earth. They are also relevant to life support, in situ resource utilization, and propulsion processes for long-duration space missions such as the Human Exploration and Development of Space program. Understanding the behavior of the suspension in low gravity is crucial because of factors such as bubble segregation, which could result in coalescence and affect heat and mass transport. Professors A. Sangani and D. Koch, principal investigators in the Microgravity Fluid Physics Program managed by the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, are studying the physics of bubbly suspension. They plan to shear a bubbly suspension in a couette cell in microgravity to study bubble segregation and compare the bubble distribution in the couette gap with the one predicted by the suspension-averaged equations of motion. Prior to the Requirement Definition Review of this flight experiment, a technology for generating a bubbly suspension in microgravity has to be established, tested, and verified.

Nahra, Henry K.↗

STS-114/Discovery Flight Readiness Review Press Briefing

This press briefing on Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the STS-114 Discovery flight is shown. Dean Acosta, Deputy Associate Administrator for Public Affairs, introduces the panel. The panel consist of: Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator, William Readdy, Associate Administrator of Space Operations, Bill Parsons, Space Shuttle Program Manager, and Mike Leinbach, NASA Launch Director. Questions from the media includes the following topics: certification, countdown, ice on the external tank, debris, and safety of the Space Shuttle Discovery.

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The Status of Simulant Materials of Lunar Regolith: Requirements, Feasibility, and Recommendations

Introduction: As NASA turns its exploration ambitions towards the Moon once again, the research and development of new technologies for lunar operations face the challenge of meeting the milestones of a fast-pace schedule, reminiscent of the 1960 s Apollo program. While the lunar samples returned by the Apollo and Luna missions have revealed much about the Moon, these priceless materials exist in too scarce quantities to be used for technology development and testing. The need for mineral materials chosen to simulate the characteristics of lunar regoliths is a pressing issue that is being addressed today through the collaboration of scientists, engineers and NASA program managers. While the larger size fraction of the lunar regolith has been reproduced in several simulants in the past, little attention has been paid to the fines fraction, commonly refered to as lunar dust. As reported by McKay and Carrier, this fraction of the lunar regolith below 20 microns can represent up to 30% by mass of the total regolith. The issue of reproducing the properties of lunar regolith for research and technology development purposes was addressed by the recently held Workshop on Lunar Regolith Simulant Materials at Marshall Space Flight Center. Preliminary conclusions from the workshop and considerations concerning the feasibility of producing such materials will be presented here.

Sibille, Laurent↗

STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Briefing

Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager and Steve Poulos, Manager Orbit Project Office at Johnson Space Center is seen during a post Mission Management Team (MMT) briefing. The purpose of this briefing is to talk about the status of the Space Shuttle Discovery Orbiter, the Thermal Protection System (TPS) and the External Tank. Hale presents pictures of the missing foam off of the Hydrogen Protuberance Air Load (PAL) ramp and trajectory debris particles. Poulos explains in detail diagrams of the reinforced carbon-carbon system, possible scuff on the wing panel, coating damage, protruding gap filler and damaged tile blanket. Poulos tells what concerns him the most in terms of tile damage to the Space Shuttle Discovery.

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STS-114: Discovery Mission Status/Post MMT Briefing

Bob Castle, Mission Operations Representative, and Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager are seen during a post Mission Management Team (MMT) briefing. Bob Castle talks about the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) payload and its readiness for unberthing. Wayne Hale presents pictures of the Space Shuttle Thermal Blanket, Wind Tunnel Tests, and Space Shuttle Blanket Pre and Post Tests. Questions from the news media about the Thermal Protection System after undocking and re-entry of the Space Shuttle Discovery, and lessons learned are addressed.

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STS-114: Discovery Post Landing Press Briefing

A post landing discussion of the STS-114 Space Shuttle Discovery is shown. Dean Acosta, Deputy Assistant Administrator of Public Affairs introduces the panel. The panel consists of: Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator, Bill Parsons, Space Shuttle Program Manager, Mike Leinbach, NASA Launch Director, and Bill Readdy, Associate Administrator for Space Operations. Mike Griffin answers questions from the news media about the amount of damage to the Space Shuttle and the possibility of returning to space, Mike Leinbach addresses the question about the process of bringing Discovery back to Kennedy Space Center and Bill Parsons talks about milestones reached during this mission.

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STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Briefing

Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager, discusses the topics covered at the Mission Management Team (MMT) meeting. The topics include: 1) Wing leading edge reinforced carbon-carbon clearance; 2) Protruding blanket on the side of the Space Shuttle Discovery Orbiter; 3) Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) replacement; 4) Transfer items; and 5) EVA procedures. Questions from the news media about the possibility of a CMG failure, Space Shuttle re-entry, gap fillers, and dangers during the EVA to repair the Space Shuttle Discovery are answered.

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STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Briefing

Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager and Terri Murphy, Space Shuttle Imagery Integration Manager are seen in this post Mission Management Team (MMT) briefing. Hale begins with showing a video that was recovered from the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) looking at the external tank during ascent. Pictures of the RH Nose Landing Gear Damage (NLGD), Protruding gap filler near chine and protruding gap fillers are shown. Terri Murphy talks about the imagery from debris, integrated simulations and radar data collected from the launch. Hale answers questions from the news media about the location of the gap fillers, possible EVA to remove the gap fillers and the thermal protection system.

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STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference

Bruce Buckingham of NASA Public Affairs hosted this press conference. Wayne Hill, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; John Muratore, Shuttle Systems and Integration Manager; Mike Wetmore, Director for Shuttle Processing were present. Wayne started with a video from Shuttle Logistics Depot showing details of a point sensor box commonly named the black box. Work with the trouble shooting continues on a day to day basis, no definite launching date is set. John reports that they are in a mission support mode all over the country until the sensor problem is solved. Mike reports his team will complete scrub and securing tasks through the next day, restore the facility to its normal mode, and will start to a four day process of getting back to launch once trouble shooting is completed. Tanking test, thermal environment, problem identification, engine cut-off sensor problems, sensors, risk, design reviews, test and analysis, correlation of the problem with Columbia, are some of the topics covered with the News media.

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UEET Overview

NASA's role in civil aeronautics is to develop high risk, high payoff technologies to meet critical national aviation challenges. One of NASA's 10 Aerospace Technology objectives is to significantly reduce aircraft emissions within 10 years, and the Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program is working to make this objective a reality. The UEET program will develop and hand off revolutionary turbine engine propulsion technologies that will enable future generation vehicles over a wide range of flight speeds. The primary goals are to address two of the most critical propulsion issues: performance/efficiency and reduced emissions. High performance, low emissions engine systems will lead to significant improvement in local air quality, minimum impact on ozone depletion, reduction in fuel consumption, and an overall reduction in the aviation contribution to global warming. The UEET Program, managed by the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, includes participation from three other NASA centers (Ames, Goddard, and Langley), as well as five engine companies (GE Aircraft Engines, Pratt & Whitney, Honeywell, Allison/Rolls Royce, and Williams International) and two airplane manufacturers (Boeing and Lockheed Martin). In addition, strategic partnerships are being formed with the Department of Defense and DARPA, the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Aviation Administration, as well as key universities, on technology development and technology requirements definition.

Shaw, Robert J.↗