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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2019

Glenn Extreme Environment Rig (GEER)

Visions and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022[1] identified the goal of understanding the origin, evolution, and processes that control climate on terrestrial planets,with direct interest in Venus. The Glenn Extreme Environment Rig (GEER), located at NASA Glenn Research Center, was developed to address a community need for a facility which could simulate the extreme environments of the Venus surface. It actively supports science investigations and technical development activities of research institutions and industry partners. It is uniquely suited for studying the interactions between Venus' substantial atmosphere, its surface, and exploration components. Ongoing facility enhancements will provide significant additional value to the research community and maintain GEERs status as a world-class Venus simulation facility.

probe↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Operational Analysis of Vertiport Surface Topology

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) concepts and technologies are being developed to safely enable operations of small, electric-powered or hybrid, pilot-optional, vertical-takeoff-and-landing (VTOL) passenger and cargo aircraft at vertiport facilities in urban and suburban environments. It is likely that many of the highest demand locations for vertiports will be in space constrained urban environments, requiring vertiport designs to maximize throughput within a compact surface footprint. This paper presents several generic vertiport topology design approaches and evaluates their relative surface area utilization and operational efficiency under different wind constrained configurations while meeting safety driven spacing constraints derived from heliport design standards and subject matter expert interviews.

Urban air mobility↗
NASA NTRS2021

Optimizing serendipitous detections of kilonovae: cadence and filter selection

The rise of multimessenger astronomy has brought with it the need to exploit all available data streams and learn more about the astrophysical objects that fall within its breadth. One possible avenue is the search for serendipitous optical/near-infrared counterparts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and gravitational-wave (GW) signals, known as kilonovae. With surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), which observes the sky with a cadence of ∼3 d, the existing counterpart locations are likely to be observed; however, due to the significant amount of sky to explore, it is difficult to search for these fast-evolving candidates. Thus, it is beneficial to optimize the survey cadence for realtime kilonova identification and enable further photometric and spectroscopic observations. We explore how the cadence of wide field-of-view surveys like ZTF can be improved to facilitate such identifications. We show that with improved observational choices, e.g. the adoption of three epochs per night on a ∼ nightly basis, and the prioritization of redder photometric bands, detection efficiencies improve by about a factor of two relative to the nominal cadence. We also provide realistic hypothetical constraints on the kilonova rate as a form of comparison between strategies, assuming that no kilonovae are detected throughout the long-term execution of the respective observing plan. These results demonstrate how an optimal use of ZTF increases the likelihood of kilonova discovery independent of GWs or GRBs, thereby allowing for a sensitive search with less interruption of its nominal cadence through Target of Opportunity programs.

methods: observational↗
DOE OSTI2024

Expansion of the Fuel Motion Monitoring System

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) Fuel Motion Monitoring System (FMMS) is a diagnostic tool used to visualize the movement and location of fuel within the nuclear reactor during transient experiments. TREAT is designed to test the behavior of nuclear fuel under accident conditions, such as a rapid power increase. The TREAT FMMS, also referred to as the “hodoscope” because of the system’s massive steel collimator component, is located on the North beam port of the reactor. While the FMMS system is capable of incorporating a total of 360 sensors, initial refurbishment efforts resulted in a array of 96 fast neutron detectors. This initial array was configured to provide a narrow (2 channels) full-length view of experiment vessels with an extended 4-channel–wide region in the center of the array capable of providing a full view of all initially planned experiments. Planning and efforts to expand the FMMS array began immediately following the restart of TREAT. An additional 96 detectors were evaluated, characterized, and prepared for installation at TREAT during the summer of 2018. Unfortunately, funding reductions forced the project towards a 5-year hiatus. In October of 2023 funding from the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Science User Facilities enabled the expansion to recommence. This report serves to document the activities performed to expand the FMMS detector array to 192 channels in order to provide a broader view of the larger and more sophisticated test capsules currently planned for future irradiation in the TREAT reactor. This expansion also included doubling the data acquisition capability, addressing the new heat load on the system, and synchronizing the time for all digital components.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Environmental, Health and Safety Assessment Application of a Heat Integrated, Post-combustion CO2 Capture System Using Monoethanolamine and Hitachi H3-1 Solvent at the E.W. Brown Coal-fired Power Plant

An Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Assessment was completed for operation of a pilot scale carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system (CCS) at the Louisville Gas & Electric (LG&E) and Kentucky Utilities (KU) Energy, LLC (LG&E-KU) E. W. Brown Generating Station in Harrodsburg, Mercer County, Kentucky. The pilot system was evaluated using two CO2 capture solvents, monoethanolamine (MEA) and Hitachi’s H3-1 solvent. The purpose of the EH&S Assessment was to determine if there were any unacceptable environmental, health or safety concerns that may prevent operation or environmental permitting of a larger scale pilot scale plant. The assessment included review of process flow diagrams, input and output flow rates for primary materials, literature describing similar processes and chemicals used or created during the process, actual air emission and wastewater test data and air emission calculations. The evaluation included identification of risks related to hazardous chemicals, air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid wastes generated and employee hazards. Most potential EH&S issues that were identified are commonly found and successfully managed at large industrial facilities. No risks were identified that could not be successfully managed or would likely prevent implementation or environmental permitting of the pilot or larger scale plant. Potential exposures and resulting health risks from exposure to low concentrations of nitrosamines generated from degradation of the Hitachi H3-1 and possibly MEA solvents may be a health concern for site workers, but additional investigation is needed to accurately assess this risk. Applying the information gained from operating the pilot plant, performing air emission testing and used solvent testing to a large-scale facility at a commercial coal-fired electric generating plant suggests additional air emission control measures may be necessary to reduce potential site worker health risks and possibly community risks. Depending upon the location and regional air quality, considerable effort may be required to obtain the necessary air permit for construction and operation of a similarly configured large-scale PCCCS facility.

gas separation↗
DOE OSTI2020

Environmental, Health and Safety Assessment Application of a Heat Integrated, Post-combustion CO 2 Capture System Using Monoethanolamine and Hitachi H3-1 Solvent at the E.W. Brown Coal-Fired Power Plant

An Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Assessment was completed for operation of a pilot scale carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture system (CCS) at the Louisville Gas & Electric (LG&E) and Kentucky Utilities (KU) Energy, LLC (LG&E-KU) E. W. Brown Generating Station in Harrodsburg, Mercer County, Kentucky. The pilot system was evaluated using two CO 2 capture solvents, monoethanolamine (MEA) and Hitachi’s H3-1 solvent. The purpose of the EH&S Assessment was to determine if there were any unacceptable environmental, health or safety concerns that may prevent operation or environmental permitting of a larger scale pilot scale plant. The assessment included review of process flow diagrams, input and output flow rates for primary materials, literature describing similar processes and chemicals used or created during the process, actual air emission and wastewater test data and air emission calculations. The evaluation included identification of risks related to hazardous chemicals, air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid wastes generated and employee hazards. Most potential EH&S issues that were identified are commonly found and successfully managed at large industrial facilities. No risks were identified that could not be successfully managed or would likely prevent implementation or environmental permitting of the pilot or larger scale plant. Potential exposures and resulting health risks from exposure to low concentrations of nitrosamines generated from degradation of the Hitachi H3-1 and possibly MEA solvents may be a health concern for site workers, but additional investigation is needed to accurately assess this risk. Applying the information gained from operating the pilot plant, performing air emission testing and used solvent testing to a large-scale facility at a commercial coal-fired electric generating plant suggests additional air emission control measures may be necessary to reduce potential site worker health risks and possibly community risks. Depending upon the location and regional air quality, considerable effort may be required to obtain the necessary air permit for construction and operation of a similarly configured large-scale PCCCS facility.

gas separation↗
DOE OSTI2022

AERMOD Screening Dispersion Factors for INL Facilities

This engineering calculations and analysis report (ECAR) documents the calculation of screening level air dispersion factors (DFs) for use in identifying Idaho National Laboratory (INL) air pollutant sources that would not be of concern relative to state of Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) significant impact levels for toxic air pollutants (IDAPA 2020). A DF (in units of s/m 3 ) is the maximum time-averaged model-predicted air concentration (g/m 3 ) at an ambient-air receptor location divided by a unit source release or emission rate (1 g/s). DFs were calculated for a generic pollutant released from facilities at the INL Site and the Idaho Falls Research Education Campus (REC) using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-recommended AERMOD air-dispersion model (EPA 2019a) and site-specific meteorological data. The use of AERMOD for air quality analyses is specified by EPA in Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51, Guideline on Air Quality Models, and by DEQ in their air modeling guidance (DEQ 2013). DFs were calculated for 1-hour, 3 hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, monthly, and annual averaging times.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux AmeriFlux CR-SoC Soltis Center

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CR-SoC Soltis Center. Site Description - The Texas A&M Soltis Center for Research and Education is located in San Juan de Peñas Blancas, San Ramón, Costa Rica. In 2009, Charles W. "Bill" and Wanda Soltis donated a new facility to the university and granted it a long-term lease on the adjacent 250 acres of land. The site hosts both primary and secondary growth rainforest, the later of which was selectively logged between the 1950's and the 1990's. It is best classified as a lower montane forest, located in the transitional area between the upper and lower montane cloud forests and the lowland rainforests. Temperatures average 23°C with 4200 mm/yr of rainfall; a short drier period typically occurs between January and April. Estimates suggest that the site hosts more than 2000 species of vascular plants, with dominant vegetation types including plants in the Sapotaceae, Moracea, and Malvaceae families.

Cahill, Anthony T.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Polar Cloud Microphysics and Surface Energy Budget from AWARE (Final Technical Report)

This was a collaborative project between the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego (SIO), Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center at The Ohio State University (BPCRC), The Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The project’s over-arching objectives involved maximizing the scientific potential of the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) data set, in two respects: (1) application of polar-optimized climate models to test the most current and comprehensive cloud microphysical parameterizations; and (2) analysis of the most advanced ARM Mobile Facility sensors (e.g., cloud radar, spectroradiometer, and aerosol observing system data) to advance understanding of Antarctic cloud microphysical and radiative properties, particularly on a climatological basis with emphasis on contrasts with the high Arctic. The team’s efforts have resulted in 16 peer-review publications, in addition to an overview of the AWARE campaign in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Our emphasis throughout this program was to go beyond the traditional “case study” approach to model evaluation, in which a “classical” or otherwise well-characterized surface-atmosphere-cloud system of short duration is simulated by several climate models. Instead, we attempted analysis of longer time series in the AWARE data, both climatologically and with models. We have numerous successful results from both AWARE locations: The main AMF-2 deployment at McMurdo Station on Ross Island (13 months duration), and the extended facility at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Camp (40 days during austral summer 2015-16).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Remote Monitoring Systems/Remote Data Transmission for International Nuclear Safeguards.

The use of remotely transmitted data from a nuclear facility under international nuclear safeguards to an inspectorate headquarters has been rapidly growing since inception as its value in reducing inspection effort and cost is demonstrated. There are opportunities for further growth moving forward including (1) the number of spent fuel casks in dry interim storage are increasing, leading to strain on inspection resources and potentially increased radiation exposure to inspectors, (2) the frequency of encapsulating spent nuclear fuel for final disposal in geological repositories occurs at a rate that may lead to the need for on-site inspectors unless systems can be developed to remotely transmit data, and (3) new facility types such as small modular reactors may rely heavily on remotely transmitted data due in part to remote locations of operation and mobility. Challenges need to be addressed too and include (1) hesitancy to implement remote data transmission by states, (2) data collection, transmission, security, and analysis, and (3) reliable power and communications. This report examines the evolution, equipment deployed, status, and opportunities/challenges of remote data transmission moving forward.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Luminescence dosimetry for evaluation of the external exposure in Metlino, upper Techa River valley, Southern Urals, Russia: Analysis of new results

Luminescence dosimetry was applied in the former settlement of Metlino, Southern Urals, Russia as part of a full-scale study to validate the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS) 2016 for the upper Techa River region. The village, which was evacuated in 1956, was located 7 km downstream of the release point of liquid radioactive waste by the Mayak plutonium facility. Several brick samples were taken from north-eastern and south-eastern walls of the granary, facing the former Techa river shoreline and floodplain. Samples were all taken at the same height and measured at different depths into the brick. For the majority of brick samples, good Optically Stimulated Luminescence properties of the quartz grains were observed. In some cases, however, strong levels of sensitization and/or signal recuperation were encountered which necessitated adjustment in the measurement protocols. Anthropogenic doses in bricks varied from 1.5 to 6.6 Gy and the horizontal profiles along both walls showed significant variation, which is explained on a qualitative basis. Further, a dose depth profile is observed for selected samples, which is different from the dose depth profile measured and simulated for samples from the north-western wall of the granary in previous studies. This is qualitatively explained by the differences in source configuration.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pacific Marine Energy Center Laser Doppler Velocimetry Commissioning

First commissioning data for the new laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) system that will be used at the Tyler Flume at the University of Washington. The LDV system can measure three components of velocity at a point. For this dataset the three components were operated in non-coincident mode and data were acquired at the center of the empty facility. Comparisons of freestream turbulence were made with a Vectrino slightly upstream of the LDV measurement location.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

High-Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) Instrument Handbook

The high-volume precipitation spectrometer (HVPS) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility instrument for measuring hydrometeors larger than 150 μm. It is an open-path instrument located on the outside of the aircraft, typically below the wing. A laser sheet throws a shadowgraph image of the hydrometeor (cloud droplets or ice crystals) in the sample volume on a photodiode array. As the hydrometeor moves through the sample volume, this optical array records the moving shape and a two-dimensional picture can be recorded. At an air speed of 100 m/s, the sample volume is 310 l/s. The recorded images can be analyzed for size distributions, number concentrations, and further cloud properties detailed below. Hydrometeors in the range of 0.3-19.2 mm can be fully recorded at a 150 μm resolution; larger particles can only be sized along the direction of flight.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Historical Data Analysis Supporting the Data Quality Objectives for the INL Site Environmental Soil Monitoring Program

This document represents the initial evaluation and soil monitoring proposed by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) in 2015. The evaluation included analyses of historical soil monitoring data and soil inventories, current emission estimates, and modeled potential deposition/accumulation patterns. The initially proposed monitoring included a 5-year rotation of in-situ gamma measurements augmented by soil sampling with laboratory analyses near each major active and some inactive facilities. It also proposed rotational in-situ gamma measurements and soil sampling at two centrally located onsite air monitoring locations coinciding with sampling at the traditional offsite soil monitoring locations. The chosen alternative includes only physical soil sampling with laboratory analysis and only at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC), the two air monitors and the offsite locations as documented in Data Quality Objectives Supporting the Environmental Soil Monitoring Program for the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site, INL/EXT-15-34909, Revision 0, February 2016. The data and evaluations in this document are valid for comparisons with future soil data that may be collected in many INL site locations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Cyber Response & Recovery Flipbook [Slides]

Protecting hydroelectric plants from incidents that adversely impact their cyber-physical systems presents unique challenges due to the plants’ widely dispersed geographic locations and varied configurations as well as the relative nascent nature of the cyberattacks targeting these facilities. To help hydroelectric plants better respond to and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, this Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Cyber Response & Recovery Flipbook is to be used at a hydroelectric plant to quickly respond to an anomalous event. In addition to this product, there are three other products meant to be distributed to a hydroelectric plant to assist in their cyber incident response and recovery. The first, a report on the processes of building this flip book based on a large set of existing guidance. The second, a handy guide of hydroelectric and cyber guidance in responding to the cyber and physical systems within a hydroelectric plant. And the third is a correlated alignment of the steps an hydroelectric plant operator would take for both a cyber incident as well as an emergency response process if the event rises to a cyber incident affecting the safe and reliable operations of a hydroelectric plant.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hydroelectric Cybersecurity Response and Recovery Overview

Protecting hydroelectric plants from incidents that adversely impact their cyber-physical systems presents unique challenges due to the plants’ widely dispersed geographic locations and varied configurations as well as the relative nascent nature of the cyberattacks targeting these facilities. To help hydroelectric plants better respond to and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, this Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Cyber Response & Recovery Overview document discusses the process of defining how a hydroelectric plant might respond to and recover from an anomalous event. In addition to this product, there are three other products meant to be distributed to a hydroelectric plant to assist in their cyber incident response and recovery. The first, a handy flip book that guides an operator in the midst of a cyber event through the R&R process of the incident and if the event warrants, through an emergency action plan to recover the plant itself. The second, a handy guide of hydroelectric and cyber guidance in responding to the cyber and physical systems within a hydroelectric plant. And the third is a correlated alignment of the steps an hydroelectric plant operator would take for both a cyber incident as well as an emergency response process if the event rises to a cyber incident affecting the safe and reliable operations of a hydroelectric plant.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

WPTO Comprehensive References [Poster]

Protecting hydroelectric plants from incidents that adversely impact their cyber-physical systems presents unique challenges due to the plants’ widely dispersed geographic locations and varied configurations as well as the relative nascent nature of the cyberattacks targeting these facilities. To help hydroelectric plants better respond to and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, this Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office Cyber Comprehensive Reference list is to be used at a hydroelectric plant to quickly go to appropriate sources during the response and recovery of a cyber incident. In addition to this product, there are three other products meant to be distributed to a hydroelectric plant to assist in their cyber incident response and recovery. The first, a report on the processes of building a R&R flip book based on a large set of existing guidance. The second, a handy flip book meant to be distributed to hydroelectric plants to assist them during a cybersecurity incident occurring on a hydroelectic plant. And the third is a correlated alignment of the steps an hydroelectric plant operator would take for both a cyber incident as well as an emergency response process if the event rises to a cyber incident affecting the safe and reliable operations of a hydroelectric plant.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗