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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

User's Guide to Pre-Processing Data in Universal Translator 2 for the Energy Charting and Metrics Tool (ECAM)

This document is a user's guide for the Energy Charting and Metrics Tool to facilitate the examination of energy information from buildings, reducing the time spent analyzing trend and utility meter data. This user guide was generated to help pre-process data with the intention of utilizing the Energy Charting and Metrics (ECAM) tool to improve building operational efficiency. There are numerous occasions when the metered data that is received from the building automation system (BAS) isn't in the right format acceptable for ECAM. This includes, but isn't limited to, cases such as inconsistent time-stamps for the trends (e.g., each trend has its own time-stamp), data with holes (e.g., some time-stamps have data and others are missing data), each point in the BAS is trended and exported into an individual .csv or .txt file, the time-stamp is unrecognizable by ECAM, etc. After reading through this user guide, the user should be able to pre-process all data files and be ready to use this data in ECAM to improve their building operational efficiency.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Second Line of Defense, Port of Buenos Aires and Exolgan Container Terminal Operational Testing and Evaluation Plan, Buenos Aires, Argentina

The Office of the Second Line of Defense (SLD) Megaports project team for Argentina will conduct operational testing and evaluation (OT&E) at Exolgan Container Terminal at the Port of Dock Sud from July 16-20, 2012; and at the Port of Buenos Aires from September 3-7, 2012. SLD is installing radiation detection equipment to screen export, import, and transshipment containers at these locations. The purpose of OT&E is to validate and baseline an operable system that meets the SLD mission and to ensure the system continues to perform as expected in an operational environment with Argentina Customs effectively adjudicating alarms.

Roberts, Bryan W.↗
DOE OSTI2012

The Indian Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) and Non-Proliferation Attributes

This report describes the Indian Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), focusing on the reactor design and operational features that are relevant to proliferation risk, for both the AHWR intended for domestic use and the AHWR-LEU for export. The AHWR is the key component of the final stage of the three-stage Indian Nuclear program, “Thorium Utilization for Sustainable Power Programme,” that has been in development since the 1950’s. The nuclear program in India has historically assumed a heavy reliance on the ultimate transition to a thorium-based fuel cycle due to the abundant domestic thorium resources and the scarcity of domestic uranium. Both the AHWR and AHWR-LEU use thorium-based oxide fuels, with the AHWR using both UO 2 /ThO 2 and PuO 2 /ThO 2 fuels simultaneously, while AHWR-LEU uses only UO 2 /ThO 2 fuel. The AHWRs are essentially derivatives of the advanced CANDU reactor, with the fuel oriented vertically instead of horizontally and refueling still occurring on-line, but only from the top of the reactor.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Analysis of the Russian Market for Building Energy Efficiency

This report provides analysis of the Russian energy efficiency market for the building sector from the perspective of U.S. businesses interested in exporting relevant technologies, products and experience to Russia. We aim to help U.S. energy efficiency and environmental technologies businesses to better understand the Russian building market to plan their market strategy.

Lychuk, Taras↗
DOE OSTI2012

Multi-Instrument Collect User’s Manual (Version 2.0.0.8)

The Multi-Instrument Collect, MIC, program is designed for unattended collection and saving of data from multiple, distributed data acquisition instruments. It is highly configurable, supporting collection of data from up to 128 instruments on up to 128 communications channels. MIC also provides the ability to copy data to removable disks for exporting the data it collects. MIC is a complex state-of-the-art multi-tasking application. It is designed to function on a fast multi-processor system but can run adequately on a single-processor platform.

Nuclear Disarmament, Safeguards, & Physical Protec↗
DOE OSTI2012

Preliminary Feasibility of Value-Added Products from Cogeneration and Hybrid Energy Systems in Wyoming

Wyoming has a wealth of primary energy resources in the forms of coal, natural gas, wind, uranium, and oil shale. Most of Wyoming's coal and gas resources are exported from the state in unprocessed form rather than as refined higher value products. Wyoming's leadership recognizes the opportunity to broaden the state’s economic base energy resources to make value-added products such as synthetic vehicle fuels and commodity chemicals. Producing these higher value products in an environmentally responsible manner can benefit from the use of clean energy technologies including Wyoming’s abundant wind energy and nuclear energy such as new generation small modular reactors including the high temperature gas-cooled reactors. The Wyoming Business Council (WBC), under direction from the State’s Legislature, commissioned the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to complete evaluations of selected energy futures for Wyoming, focusing specifically on the benefits of hybrid energy systems that would take advantage of all of the state’s energy resources. This work was accomplished by two complementary activities. First, a collaborative effort of the Wyoming Business Council, tire University of Wyoming and the Idaho National Laboratory focused on screening-level analysis of a range of hybrid energy systems using new small modular nuclear reactors for the conversion of coal and natural gas into synthetic fuels and commodity chemicals in configurations designed to also stabilize wind power generation. This report summarizes the outcome of this first activity. Second, a more rigorous analysis led by the NGNP Industry Alliance in collaboration with the Idaho National Laboratory to evaluate the application of the high temperature, gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR) to enhance coal and natural gas conversion to higher value products and electrical power. The results, conclusions, and recommendations of the HTGR applications work are presented in INL/EXT-12-26732, Energy Development Opportunities for Wyoming. The conclusions of these evaluations provide a conceptual foundation upon which Wyoming can form a partnership with industry to lay out a strategy and plan of action that can develop leading to a state-wide energy economy.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Integrated Canada-U.S. Power Sector Modeling with the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS)

The electric power system in North America is linked between the United States and Canada. Canada has historically been a net exporter of electricity to the United States. The extent to which this remains true will depend on the future evolution of power markets, technology deployment, and policies. To evaluate these and related questions, we modify the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model to include an explicit representation of the grid-connected power system in Canada to the continental United States. ReEDS is unique among long-term capacity expansion models for its high spatial resolution and statistical treatment of the impact of variable renewable generation on capacity planning and dispatch. These unique traits are extended to new Canadian regions. We present example scenario results using the fully integrated Canada-U.S. version of ReEDS to demonstrate model capabilities. The newly developed, integrated Canada-U.S. ReEDS model can be used to analyze the dynamics of electricity transfers and other grid services between the two countries under different scenarios.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2012

Second Line of Defense, Megaports Initiative, Operational Testing and Evaluation Plan

The purpose of the Operational Testing and Evaluation (OT&E) phases of the project is to prepare for turnover of the Megaports System supplied by U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA)—located at the Export Lanes of the Port of Lazaro Cardenas, Mexico—to the Government of Mexico (GOM).

Hughes, Jamie D.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Commercialization of New Carbon Fiber Materials Based on Sustainable Resources for Energy Applications

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and GrafTech International have collaborated to develop and demonstrate the performance of high temperature thermal insulation prototypes made from lignin-based carbon fibers. This project will potentially lead to the first commercial application of lignin-based carbon fibers (LBCF). The goal of the commercial application is to replace expensive, Chinese-sourced isotropic pitch carbon fibers with lower cost carbon fibers made from a domestically sourced, bio-derived (renewable) feedstock. LBCF can help recapture jobs that were previously exported to China while resolving a supply chain vulnerability and reducing the production cost for GrafTechs high temperature thermal insulation. The performance of the LBCF prototypes was measured and found to be comparable to that of the current commercial product. During production of the insulation prototypes, ORNL and GrafTech demonstrated lignin compounding/pelletization, fiber production, heat treatment, and compositing at scales far surpassing those previously demonstrated in LBCF R&D or production. A plan was developed for the commercialization of LBCF thermal insulation, with key milestones including qualification of multiple scalable lignin sources in 2013, tons-scale production and field testing by customers in 2014, and product launch as soon thereafter as production capabilities can be constructed and commissioned.

carbon fiber↗
DOE OSTI2013

Renewable Energy in Alaska

This report examines the opportunities, challenges, and costs associated with renewable energy implementation in Alaska and provides strategies that position Alaska's accumulating knowledge in renewable energy development for export to the rapidly growing energy/electric markets of the developing world.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2012

Design Concepts for Co-Production of Power, Fuels & Chemicals Via Coal/Biomass Mixtures

The overall goal of the program is to develop design concepts, incorporating advanced technologies in areas such as oxygen production, feed systems, gas cleanup, component separations and gas turbines, for integrated and economically viable coal and biomass fed gasification facilities equipped with carbon capture and storage for the following scenarios: (i) coproduction of power along with hydrogen, (ii) coproduction of power along with fuels, (iii) coproduction of power along with petrochemicals, and (iv) coproduction of power along with agricultural chemicals. To achieve this goal, specifically the following objectives are met in this proposed project: (i) identify advanced technology options and innovative preliminary design concepts that synergistically integrate plant subsections, (ii) develop steady state system simulations to predict plant efficiency and environmental signature, (iii) develop plant cost estimates by capacity factoring major subsystems or by major equipment items where required, and then capital, operating and maintenance cost estimates, and (iv) perform techno- economic analyses for the above described coproduction facilities. Thermal efficiencies for the electricity only cases with 90% carbon capture are 38.26% and 36.76% (HHV basis) with the bituminous and the lignite feedstocks respectively. For the coproduction cases (where 50% of the energy exported is in the form of electricity), the electrical efficiency, as expected, is highest for the hydrogen coproduction cases while lowest for the higher alcohols (ethanol) coproduction cases. The electrical efficiencies for Fischer-Tropsch coproduction cases are slightly higher than those for the methanol coproduction cases but it should be noted that the methanol (as well as the higher alcohol) coproduction cases produce the finished coproduct while the Fischer-Tropsch coproduction cases produce a coproduct that requires further processing in a refinery. The cross comparison of the thermal performance between the various coproduct cases is further complicated by the fact that the carbon footprint is not the same when carbon leaving with the coproduct are accounted for. The economic analysis and demand for a particular coproduct in the market place is a more meaningful comparison of the various coproduction scenarios. The first year cost of electricity calculated for the bituminous coal is $\$$102.9/MWh while that for the lignite is $\$$108.1/MWh. The calculated cost of hydrogen ranged from $\$$1.42/kg to $\$$2.77/kg depending on the feedstock, which is lower than the DOE announced hydrogen cost goal of $\$$3.00/kg in July 14, 2005. Methanol cost ranged from $\$$345/MT to $\$$617/MT, while the market price is around $\$$450/MT. For Fischer-Tropsch liquids, the calculated cost ranged from $\$$65/bbl to $\$$112/bbl, which is comparable to the current market price of crude oil at around $\$$100/bbl. It should be noted, however, that F-T liquids contain no sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The calculated cost of alcohol ranged from $\$$4.37/gal to $\$$5.43/gal, while it ranged from $\$$2.20/gal to $\$$3.70/gal in a DOE funded study conducted by Louisiana State University. The Louisiana State University study consisted of a significantly larger plant than our study and benefited from economies of scale. When the plant size in our study is scaled up to similar size as in the Louisiana State University study, cost of alcohol is then reduced to a range of $\$$3.24/gal to $\$$4.28/gal, which is comparable. Urea cost ranged from $\$$307/MT to $\$$428/MT, while the market price is around $\$$480/MT.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Aspen Code Development Collaboration

Wyoming has a wealth of primary energy resources in the forms of coal, natural gas, wind, uranium, and oil shale. Most of Wyoming’s coal and gas resources are exported from the state in unprocessed form rather than as refined higher value products. Wyoming’s leadership recognizes the opportunity to broaden the state’s economic base energy resources to make value-added products such as synthetic vehicle fuels and commodity chemicals. Producing these higher value products in an environmentally responsible manner can benefit from the use of clean energy technologies including Wyoming’s abundant wind energy and nuclear energy such as new generation small modular reactors including the high temperature gas-cooled reactors.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Feasibility and Demonstration of a Cloud-Based RIID Analysis System (Annual Report)

A significant limitation in the operational utility of handheld and backpack radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) is the ability of their onboard algorithms to accurately and reliably identify the isotopic sources of the measured gamma-ray energy spectrum and thereby separate threat from benign or background sources. Improved algorithms exist but are not implemented on RIIDs due to insufficient computational power or classification, export controls, or other sensitivities. They also have limited ability to use additional contextual information in making a threat no-threat assessment. A possible solution is to move the spectral analysis computations to an external device whose capabilities can be greatly enhanced and whose algorithms can be kept secure. A Cloud-based analysis system can provide this capability. Cloud computing is becoming ubiquitous and affords the national security community an opportunity for tremendous leverage of private sector developments. The goal of this project is to determine if operational performance of RIIDs can be improved by applying these developments in a way that meets the needs of the national security community.

Wright, Michael C.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Ceph Parallel File System Evaluation Report

We used Data Direct Networks’ (DDN) SFA10K as the storage backend during this evaluation. It consists of 200 SAS drives and 280 SATA drives, organized into various RAID levels by two active-active RAID controllers. The exported RAID groups by these controllers are driven by four hosts. Each host has two InfiniBand (IB) QDR connections to the storage backend. We used a single dualport Mellanox connectX IB card per host. By our calculation, this setup can saturate SFA10K’s maximum theoretical throughput (~12 GB/s). Our Ceph testbed employs a collection of testing nodes. These nodes and their roles are summarized in Table 1. In the following discussion, we use “servers”, “osd servers”, “server hosts” interchangeably. We will emphasize with “client” prefix when we want to distinguish it from above. All hosts (client and servers) were configured with Redhat 6.3 and kernel version 3.5.1 initially, and later upgraded to 3.9 (rhl-ceph image), Glibc 2.12 with syncfs support, locally patched. We used the Ceph 0.48 and 0.55 release in the initial tests, upgraded to 0.64 and then to 0.67RC for a final round of tests.

Wang, Feiyi↗
DOE OSTI2014

Semi-automated lab-on-a-chip for dispensing GA-68 radiotracers

We solved a technical problem that is hindering American progress in molecular medicine, and restricting US citizens from receiving optimal diagnostic care. Specifically, the project deals with a mother/daughter generator of positron-emitting radiotracers (Ge-68/Ga-68). These generator systems are approved in Europe but cannot be used in the USA, because of safety issues related to possible breakthrough of long-lived Ge-68 (mother) atoms. Europeans have demonstrated abilities of Ga-68-labeled radiotracers to image cancer foci with high sensitivity and specificity, and to use such methods to effectively plan therapy.The USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have taken the position that every patient administration of Ga-68 should be preceded by an assay demonstrated that Ge-68 breakthrough is within acceptable limits. Breakthrough of parent elements is a sensitive subject at the FDA, as evidenced by the recent recall of Rb-82 generators due to inadvertent administrations of Sr-82. Commercially, there is no acceptable rapid method for assaying breakthrough of Ge-68 prior to each human administration. The gamma emissions of daughter Ga-68 have higher energies than the parent Ge-68, so that the shielding assays typically employed for Mo-99/Tc-99m generators cannot be applied to Ga-68 generators. The half-life of Ga-68 is 68 minutes, so that the standard 10-half-life delay (used to assess breakthrough in Sr-82/Rb-82 generators) cannot be applied to Ga-68 generators. As a result of the aforementioned regulatory requirements, Ga-68 generators are sold in the USA for animal use only.The American clinical community’s inability to utilize Ga-68 generators impairs abilities to treat patients domestically, and puts the USA at a disadvantage in developing exportable products. The proposed DOE project aimed to take advantage of recent technological advances developed for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications. Based on our experiences constructing such devices, the proposed microfluidics-based approach could provide cost-effective validation of breakthrough compliance in minutes.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Robust Indicators of Nonproliferation Performance

Understanding how the nuclear industry may benefit from self-regulation is closely linked with understanding how to report compliance activities for nonproliferation and export control objectives, as well as how to distinguish high and low compliance performance. Drawing on the corporate sustainability reporting model, nuclear and dual-use commodities industries can frame socially responsible self-regulatory activities to distinguish themselves as good nonproliferators.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2013

Summary of FY13 Industry Interviews

The spread of weapons of mass destruction relies on the illicit procurement of dual-use items, and industry plays a critical role in preventing these transfers. Export control systems regulate industry’s sales, but there are additional steps that industry and government can take to stop proliferators. Collectively, these additional steps are known as industry self-regulation. The industry self-regulation project at PNNL has identified several approaches to going “beyond compliance” in recent years, including corporate sustainability, competitive advantages for nonproliferation, and a third party. In FY12 the project team moved from a research phase to an implementation phase, and prepared to seek feedback from industry on these topics. This effort included research to identify American manufacturers of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Part 2 Annex commodities. To gain initial responses from industry about whether these ideas could be reasonably implemented, in FY13 the project team conducted a series of outreach interviews. Outreach was initially focused on firms in the carbon fiber, filament winding, and maraging steel sectors. The project team chose these sectors based on the number of firms that produce these items and their proliferation relevance. As the year progressed, the team widened its outreach to manufacturers of a variety of NSG-controlled commodities. In total, the project team contacted 57 firms and conducted 13 interviews. The interviewed firms manufactured or distributed at least 11 controlled commodities. All interviews were conducted on a not for-public-attribution basis, and all information in this summary, unless otherwise cited, can be assumed to be derived from the interviews.

Nonproliferation↗
DOE OSTI2013

"Development and Commercialization of Alternative Carbon Precursors and Conversion Technologies" (CRADA Final Report)

The overall objective of the collaborative research performed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Dow Chemical Company under this Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA NFE-10-02991) was to develop and establish pathways to commercialize new carbon fiber precursor and conversion technology. This technology is to produce alternative polymer fiber precursor formulations as well as scaled energy-efficient advanced conversion technology to enable continuous mode conversion to obtain carbonized fibers that are technically and economically viable in industrial markets such as transportation, wind energy, infrastructure and oil drilling applications. There have been efforts in the past to produce a low cost carbon fiber. These attempts have to be interpreted against the backdrop of the market needs at the time, which were strictly military aircraft and high-end aerospace components. In fact, manufacturing costs have been reduced from those days to current practice, where both process optimization and volume production have enabled carbon fiber to become available at prices below $20/lb. However, the requirements of the lucrative aerospace market limits further price reductions from current practice. This approach is different because specific industrial applications are targeted, most specifically wind turbine blade and light vehicle transportation, where aircraft grade carbon fiber is not required. As a result, researchers are free to adjust both manufacturing process and precursor chemistry to meet the relaxed physical specifications at a lower cost. This report documents the approach and findings of this cooperative research in alternative precursors and advanced conversion for production of cost-effective carbon fiber for energy missions. Due to export control, proprietary restrictions, and CRADA protected data considerations, specific design details and processing parameters are not included in this report.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗