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At least 1,189 records · Page 66
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Nonlinearities in Magnetic Confinement, Ionospheric Physics, and Population Explosion Leading to Profile Resilience Нелінійності в магнетному утриманні, фізиці іоносфери та процесі демографічного вибуху, які приводять до стійкості профілю

Nonlinearities play an important role in many fields. In the field of thermonuclear fusion, they are involved in questions such as profile resilience and fluid closure. A nonlinear phenomenon common to both fusion and astrophysical planets is the generation of zonal flows. These flows play a significant role in determining the level of turbulence and fluid closure in fusion. The effects of resonance broadening and nonlinearities are investigated, specifically focusing on the case of nonlinear instability that has appeared in drift waves. Similarities and differences between our systems are discussed, with population explosion and the dynamics of nonlinear systems for drift waves by different states in profile resilience described with great precision. The aim of our study is to put our fluid model for drift waves in tokamaks within the wider framework of statistical physics principles. This reinforces our belief in the broad application of our drift wave model, which encompasses current tokamaks, ITER, and the fusion pilot plant.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Explosion Discrimination Using Seismic Gradiometry and Spectral Filtering of Data

Here, we present a new method to discriminate between earthquakes and buried explosions using observed seismic data. The method is different from previous seismic discrimination algorithms in two main ways. First, we use seismic spatial gradients, as well as the wave attributes estimated from them (referred to as gradiometric attributes), rather than the conventional three-component seismograms recorded on a distributed array. The primary advantage of this is that a gradiometer is only a fraction of a wavelength in aperture compared with a conventional seismic array or network. Second, we use the gradiometric attributes as input data into a machine learning algorithm. The resulting discrimination algorithm uses the norms of truncated principal components obtained from the gradiometric data to distinguish the two classes of seismic events. Using high-fidelity synthetic data, we show that the data and gradiometric attributes recorded by a single seismic gradiometer performs as well as a conventional distributed array at the event type discrimination task.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Joint Inversion of Regional Waveform, First-Motion Polarity, and Synthetic Aperture Radar Surface Displacement for the Fourth and Sixth North Korean Declared Nuclear Explosions

Here, this study analyzed the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) fourth (DPRK4, 6 January 2016 M w 4.49) and sixth (DPRK6, 7 September 2017 M w 5.2) declared nuclear tests, employing a joint seismic and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) inversion to improve understanding of these events and enhance moment tensor (MT) inversion capabilities. The recent efforts have focused on employing seismic waveform and InSAR geodetic deformation data separately to analyze these and the previous nuclear tests (e.g., Chiang et al., 2018; Myers et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018). Building upon our previous work (Chi-Durán et al., 2021), we performed a joint regional waveform, first-motion (FM) polarity, and surface displacement inversion, which demonstrated improved source-type discrimination, a revised MT solution with reduced scalar moment uncertainty, and an independently constrained location. In this article, we build on the previous results for DPRK6 by including an analysis using a four-layered velocity model with free-surface topography to compute the near-source static deformation Green’s functions. The model consists of a 50 m basalt layer (⁠V P = 2.07 km/s, V S = 1.2 km/s⁠), a 250 m stratified volcanic deposit layer (⁠V P = 1.73 km/s, V S = 1.0 km/s⁠), a 700 m weathered granodiorite layer (⁠V P = 2.5 km/s, V S = 1.3 km/s⁠⁠), and a granodiorite half-space (⁠V P = 5.35 km/s, V S = 3.09 km/s⁠⁠). The half-space shares the velocity of the regional MDJ2 velocity model (Ford et al., 2010), which has proven effective for waveform inversion in the region. This model considers the range of reported values for various lithologies and weathering effects. Our findings show that using the layered velocity model enhances the recovery of source location and depth for both the explosions by improving fits and reducing uncertainties. The joint inversion also improves source-type discrimination and better constrains the scalar seismic moment necessary for downstream yield estimation.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Moment Tensor Source-Type Analysis for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea-Declared Nuclear Explosions (2006-2017) and 3 September 2017 Collapse Event

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted its sixth announced nuclear test on 3 September 2017 03:30 UTC (mb 6.1). There was an aftershock 8.5 min later (mb 4.1). Such aftershocks were noteworthy and often associated with post–nuclear explosion collapses. We performed moment tensor (MT) and network sensitivity solution (NSS) analysis using regional long-period surface-wave and first-motion (FM) polarities. We also extended this analysis to the previous five DPRK nuclear tests. The NSS results, which include MT solution uncertainties, show large isotropic components for the events and are within the population of other U.S. nuclear and collapse events on the fundamental lune. The FM data improved the NNS source-type resolution. The agreement between MT seismic moments and independent coda-envelope amplitudes indicated no biases with the Earth model error or poorly constrained seismic moment for shallow seismic sources. The MT for the collapse is not a pure implosion and consistent with an equivalent tensional closing crack mechanism and two-sided vertical point force.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data supporting the article titled "Heterogeneous Multiphase Flow Properties of Volcanic Rocks and Implications for Noble Gas Transport from Underground Nuclear Explosions"

The submission is a Reproducible Research (RR) data archive that contains the supporting multiphase fluid flow and curve fitting results of the Vadose Zone Journal article titled: "Heterogeneous Multiphase Flow Properties of Volcanic Rocks and Implications for Noble Gas Transport from Underground Nuclear Explosions." The article's DOI number is the following: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20123. Please see the "Methods and Materials" section of the journal article and the ReadMe.txt in the RR_ARCHIVE folder for further details. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND Number: SAND2021-3407 O.

mercury injection capillary pressure↗
DOE OSTI2013

Field Testing of the COTS DESI/DART-MS/MS System Against High Explosives Residues

This testing was performed to evaluate the performance of the FLIR systems® portable DESI/DART MS/MS (Direct ElectroSpray Ionization)/Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometer/ Mass Spectrometer) system against high explosives residues under field conditions. The samples collected for analysis do not require sample preparation and are analyzed in less than 20 seconds.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Modeling the thermal deformation of TATB-based explosives. Part 1: Thermal expansion of “neat-pressed” polycrystalline TATB

We detail a modeling approach to simulate the anisotropic thermal expansion of polycrystalline (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) TATB-based explosives that utilizes microstructural information including porosity, crystal aspect ratio, and processing-induced texture. This report, the first in a series, focuses on nonlinear thermal expansion of “neat-pressed” polycrystalline TATB specimens which do not contain any binder; additional complexities related to polymeric binder and irreversible ratcheting behavior are briefly discussed, however detailed investigation of these aspects are deferred to subsequent reports. In this work we have, for the first time, developed a mesoscale continuum model relating the thermal expansion of polycrystal TATB specimens to their microstructural characteristics. A self-consistent homogenization procedure is used to relate macroscopic thermoelastic response to the constitutive behavior of single-crystal TATB. The model includes a representation of grain aspect ratio, porosity, and crystallographic texture attributed to the consolidation process. A quantitative model is proposed to describe the evolution of preferred orientation of graphitic planes in TATB during consolidation and an algorithm constructed to develop a discrete representation of the associated orientation distribution function. Analytical and numerical solutions using this model are shown to produce textures consistent with previous measurements and characterization for isostatic and uniaxial “die-pressed” specimens. Predicted thermal strain versus temperature for textured specimens are shown to be in agreement with corresponding experimental measurements. Using the developed modeling approach, several simulations have been run to investigate the influence of microstructure on macroscopic thermal expansion behavior. Results from these simulations are used to identify qualitative trends. Implications of the identified trends are discussed in the context of thermal deformation of engineered components whose consolidation process is generally more complex than isostatic or die-pressed specimens. Finally, an envisioned application of the modeling approach to simulating thermal expansion of weapon systems and components is outlined along with necessary future work to introduce the effects of binder and ratcheting behavior. Key conclusions from this work include the following. Both porosity and grain aspect ratio have an influence on the thermal expansion of polycrystal TATB considering realistic material variability. Thepreferred orientation of the single crystal TATB [001] poles within a polycrystal gives rise to pronounced anisotropy of the macroscopic thermal expansion. The extent of this preferred orientation depends on the magnitude of deformation, and consequently, is expected to vary spatially throughout manufactured components much like porosity. The modeling approach presented here has utility toward bringing spatially variable microstructural features into macroscale system engineering modelsAbstract Not Provided

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Advanced explosives research and education [Slides]

LANL Advanced Homemade Explosives Course: • Joint Course offered for all DOD EOD Technicians. – First course June 2013, 12 courses to date , ~ 220 EOD technicians trained. • Focus is on the safety and recognition of HMEs, formulation/ synthesis, improvised detonators and detection. • LANL instructors numerous divisions.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Investigation of the fragmentation of an explosively driven cylinder

Explosively driven fragmentation is highly complex. To better understand the field detonation, different methodologies (Lagrangian (with a failure threshold in VisIt and element erosion), ALE and embedded grid) were simulated to provide a comparison to the experimental data through the utilization of fragment distributions and gross deformation metrics. Provided with the geometrical parameters and the results from the experimental data, the computer simulations were conducted after the successful writing of each input file. Mesh refinement – a scalar multiplier applied to the mesh to refine the results – was then studied. The objective was to find a value that parallels the experimental results as the mesh can be refine indefinitely, theoretically. Various mesh resolution scales were simulated and the results graphically compared, using the damage and failure variables from a statistical Johnson Cook failure model, the number of fragments over time as well as time required for each simulation to run and number of processors utilized. The desired result is a calculated method to quantify the comparison being performed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

High Pressure DSC on LLM-105 and other High Explosives

The purpose of this study is to establish an experimental setup to fundamentally understand the thermal decomposition of energetic materials as a function of pressure and to be able to model the reaction kinetics of explosive materials. These kinetic models in-turn could be applied to the aging and compatibility of these materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Furball Explosive Breakout Test [Poster]

For more than 30 years the Onionskin test has been the primary way to study the surface breakout of a detonation wave. Currently the Onionskin test allows for only a small, one dimensional, slice of the explosive in question to be observed. Asymmetrical features are not observable with the Onionskin test and its one dimensional view. As a result, in 2011, preliminary designs for the Hairball and Furball were developed then tested. The Hairball used shorting pins connected to an oscilloscope to determine the arrival time at 24 discrete points. This limited number of data points, caused by the limited number of oscilloscope channels, ultimately led to the Hairball’s demise. Following this, the Furball was developed to increase the number of data points collected. Instead of shorting pins the Furball uses fiber optics imaged by a streak camera to determine the detonation wave arrival time for each point. The original design was able to capture the detonation wave’s arrival time at 205 discrete points with the ability to increase the number of data points if necessary.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

A Bayesian inversion framework for yield and height-of-burst/depth-of-burial for near-surface explosions

A Bayesian inversion framework is presented to estimate the yield of an explosion and height-of-burst/depth-of-burial (HOB/DOB) using seismic and air pressure data. This is accomplished by first calibrating the parameters in the forward models that relate the observations to the yield and HOB/DOB and then using the calibrated model to estimate yield and HOB/DOB associated with a new set of seismic and air pressure observations. The MCMC algorithms required to perform these steps are outlined, and the results with real data are shown. Finally, an extension is proposed for a case when clustering in the seismic displacement occurs as a function of different types of rock and other factors.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Explosive Formulation Code Naming SOP

The purpose of this SOP is to provide a procedure for giving individual HME formulations code names. A code name for an individual HME formulation consists of an explosive family code, given by the classified guide, followed by a dash, -, and a number. If the formulation requires preparation such as packing or aging, these add additional groups of symbols to the X-ray specimen name.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Dynamic Fracture Simulations of Explosively Loaded Cylinders

This report documents the modeling results of high explosive experiments investigating dynamic fracture of steel (AerMet® 100 alloy) cylinders. The experiments were conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) during 2007 to 2008 [10]. A principal objective of this study was to gain an understanding of dynamic material failure through the analysis of hydrodynamic computer code simulations. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational cylinder models were analyzed using the ALE3D multi-physics computer code.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗