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At least 1,171 records · Page 65
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Advanced Functional Materials ZnO@ZIF-8 Heterostructures for Neuromorphic Synaptic Devices

Metal-Organic Frameworks have shown great promise for memristive synaptic devices because of their adaptable electrical properties and inherent porosity, which help in efficient ion transport and storage of functional molecules. However, the limited conductivity and sensitivity to moisture associated with most MOF materials hinder their use in electronic applications. In this study, MOFs derived from metabolites have been synthesized, using ZnO as a self-sacrificial metallic source to grow Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), forming ZnO@ZIF-8 heteronanostructures for neuromorphic applications. These hybrids ZnO@ZIF-8 act as promising candidates for advanced electronic applications. Through systematic investigations, including a comparison of ZnO@ZIF-8 bilayer devices with ZnO single-layer counterparts, a significant discovery emerged. The bilayer synaptic devices outperformed their single layer counterparts in electrical characteristics, as evidenced by Current-Voltage curve analysis and Long-Term Potentiation/Long Term Depression (LTP/LTD) measurements. Additionally, the ZnO layer thickness (10, 30, 50 nm) has been emphasized and the effects of annealing at 300°C in a vacuum were carefully studied for Neuromorphic Synaptic Devices. Remarkably, the 10 nm ZnO layer exhibited the lowest set voltage and a consistent On/Off ratio. This work marks a significant advancement in understanding bilayer synaptic devices, highlighting the crucial role of ZIF-8 in shaping the future of neuromorphic systems

Kolleboyina, Jayaramulu↗
DOE OSTI2021

Reducing Zinc Redistribution and Extending Cycle Life Via Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc/Zinc Oxide Anodes in Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

Redistribution of zinc over the electrode surface, also known as shape change, is a major problem and a cause of failure in alkaline zinc anode batteries. To mitigate this phenomenon, we propose a scalable approach based on an in situ formed, highly porous electrochemically synthesized ZnO matrix with uniformly electrodeposited zinc particles. This results in ∼70% improvement in cycle life performance at a rate of 10 mA cm −2 compared to control Zn anodes, which have not gone through the formation process. A quantitative electrolyte analysis revealed under-saturated zincate ion concentration in the electrochemically synthesized ZnO/Zn cells indicating reduced zincate movement. Post mortem analysis of the anodes indicated higher retention of both Zn and ZnO on the electrochemically synthesized ZnO anodes signifying reduced redistribution of active material. Image analysis of the cycled anodes revealed a narrower Zn particle size distribution (62−79 μ m) in contrast to a wider particle size distribution of 51–96 μ m observed in the control anodes. The formation approach results in electrochemically synthesized ZnO/Zn anodes providing a stable ZnO matrix in which Zn particles retain their localized distribution on cycling better than control electrodes conventionally made by pasting zinc particles together with a binder.

Kolhekar, Snehal (ORCID:0000000210321153)↗
DOE OSTI2024

How to Design and Implement an Equitable Building Performance Standard: Lessons from the Building Performance Standards Technical Assistance Network

States and local governments seek to accomplish the intersecting goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving building operations, and bettering the daily lives of their communities. Building Performance Standards (BPS) have emerged as a critical policy lever to reach these intertwined climate and societal goals. These policies, if shaped and implemented well, have the chance to not only help reach our nation's climate, energy, and livability goals, but to do so with the active participation of those traditionally excluded from policy processes. This nascent policy movement provides jurisdictions across the country the opportunity to shape these policies from the outset to deliver comfort, health, and safety in our built environment for all. The US Department of Energy in partnership with our National Laboratories have been providing technical assistance for jurisdictions interested in, adopting, and implementing Building Performance Standards. Through this work, the BPS Technical Assistance Network (TA Network) has tracked and documented the innovative and equitable approaches to BPS across the country. The TA Network has crafted foundational technical analysis, such as building stock and emissions impacts, equity prioritization and peak load impacts, and aggregated cost benefit analysis. And by combining powerful technical analysis with dissemination of best practices resources to support equitable implementation, the TA Network provides jurisdictions with the tools and support necessary to embark on their ambitious policy goals.

building performance standards↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microstructure-sensitive mechanical behavior of an additively manufactured psuedoelastic shape memory alloy

The additive manufacturing of shape memory alloys into complex geometries enables fabrication of advanced functional systems across a variety of fields and domains. This work presents results focused on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured shape memory pseudoelastic NiTi. The deformation induced solid state phase transformation from austenite to martensite allows this system to accommodate large recoverable strains. This deformation behavior is fundamentally driven by crystal-scale transformation physics. Laser powder bed fusion processing reveals that the resulting microstructure, both grain morphology and crystallographic texture, is strongly dependent on the manufacturing processing history. Exhaustive mechanical testing demonstrates that these microstructural factors strongly impact both tensile and cyclic stress–strain behavior. Cyclic dissipative behavior, however, is similar across all tested microstructures following an initial transient period. Remarkably, analysis of spatial strain fields during tensile loading reveals two distinctly different localization “modes”. The first is initiation of localized deformation bands which continuously propagate through the tensile bar during loading. In the second mode localization is observed but lacks propagation; instead additional localization cites nucleate during subsequent loading. The latter phenomena is suspected to be driven by grain-scale deformation physics as the localized band morphologies coincide with grain morphologies. These phenomena strongly impact the resulting aggregate stress–strain behavior. Hence, manufacturers and designers of psuedoelastic functional components must at the very least consider the potential variability in properties when considering additive manufacturing processing. More ideally the process–structure–property relations can be used to further tailor and optimize final functional performance.

Additive manufacturing↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-speed particle analysis using forward and backward two-dimensional angular optical scattering

Measurement of two-dimensional angle-resolved optical scattering (TAOS) patterns is an attractive technique for detecting and characterizing micron-sized high-speed flying particles. The elastic-scattering intensity pattern from a single particle as a function of spherical coordinate angles θ and ϕ provides detailed information on the particle’s morphology. By use of an ellipsoidal reflector and a high-speed CCD camera, scattering from a CW-laser was detected and resolved over a large angular range (θ from 12° to 168° and ϕ from 0° to 360°) from spherically shaped particles (e.g., amorphous silica and borosilicate glass) flowing through the reflector’s focal plane at speeds of 20 to 30 m/s. The scattering pattern from individual particles flying through the focal plane of the ellipsoid mirror provides insights about a particle’s size, clustering, roughness, and velocity.

Optics and optical instruments↗
DOE OSTI2025

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Kinetic Investigations in Viscous Deep Eutectic Solvents: Identifying Practical Approach Curves and Deviations from Electron Transfer Models

Determining heterogeneous electrochemical electron transfer (ET) kinetics in electrolytes with a wide range of physical properties is of great interest for achieving high-performance redox flow batteries. Among such electrolytes, concentrated hydrogen-bonded electrolytes (CoHBEs), including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), have recently garnered significant attention. Unfortunately, traditional Tafel analysis using macroelectrodes often encounters issues with mass transfer limitations in CoHBEs with high viscosities, thereby restricting kinetic analysis to a narrow potential window. Here, in this work, we introduce a methodology for evaluating ET kinetics in viscous DES using the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We first determined practical solutions to SECM tip positioning in ethaline DES, which yield pseudopositive feedback responses. Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations helped us rationalize the impact of the fluid and concentration fields, as well as tip geometry, tip approach velocity v, and the solvent viscosity ηs, on the shape of the approach curves. In addition to successfully recreating approach curves over a variety of conditions, we found that approaching a conductor ensured a practical point where the normalized tip response (Ni T = 2) converged at L = 0.7 within ∼10% error regardless of tip velocity. With positioning capabilities at hand, we investigated the kinetics of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox couple in aqueous and the ethaline media. The experimental kinetic results were interpreted using the Butler–Volmer (BV) and Marcus–Hush–Chidsey (MHC) models. For ethaline, a nonideal kinetic behavior was observed, potentially attributed to solvent dynamics within DESs or to the interplay of chloride anions in the charge transfer process.

electrodes↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigation of core impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity plasmas

Abstract Tokamak operation at negative triangularity has been shown to offer high energy confinement without the typical disadvantages of edge pedestals (Marinoni et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 116010). In this paper, we examine impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity experiments. Analysis of charge exchange recombination spectroscopy reveals flat or hollow carbon density profiles in the core, and impurity confinement times consistently shorter than energy confinement times. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients based on laser blow-off injections and forward modeling via the Aurora package (Sciortino et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 63 112001) show core cross-field diffusion to be higher in L-mode than in H-mode. Impurity profile shapes remain flat or hollow in all cases. Inferred radial profiles of diffusion and convection are compared to neoclassical, quasilinear gyrofluid, and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. Heat transport is observed to be better captured by reduced turbulence models with respect to particle transport. State-of-the-art gyrokinetic modeling compares favorably with measurements across multiple transport channels. Overall, these results suggest that diverted negative triangularity discharges may offer a path to a highly-radiative L-mode scenario with high core performance.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

The global anaerobic metabolism regulator fnr is necessary for the degradation of food dyes and drugs by Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The microbiome is an underappreciated contributor to intestinal drug metabolism with broad implications for drug efficacy and toxicity. While considerable progress has been made toward identifying the gut bacterial genes and enzymes involved, the role of environmental factors in shaping their activity remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the gut bacterial reduction of azo bonds (R-N = N-R’), found in diverse chemicals in both food and drugs. Surprisingly, the canonical azoR gene in Escherichia coli was dispensable for azo bond reduction. Instead, azoreductase activity was controlled by the fumarate and nitrate reduction ( fnr ) regulator, consistent with a requirement for the anoxic conditions found within the gastrointestinal tract. Paired transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fnr regulon revealed that in addition to altering the expression of multiple reductases, FNR is necessary for the metabolism of L-Cysteine to hydrogen sulfide, enabling the degradation of azo bonds. Furthermore, we found that FNR indirectly regulates this process through the small noncoding regulatory RNA fnrS . Taken together, these results show how gut bacteria sense and respond to their intestinal environment to enable the metabolism of chemical groups found in both dietary and pharmaceutical compounds. IMPORTANCE This work has broad relevance due to the ubiquity of dyes containing azo bonds in food and drugs. We report that azo dyes can be degraded by human gut bacteria through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, even from a single gut bacterial species. Furthermore, we revealed that environmental factors, oxygen, and L-Cysteine control the ability of E. coli to degrade azo dyes due to their impacts on bacterial transcription and metabolism. These results open up new opportunities to manipulate the azoreductase activity of the gut microbiome through the manipulation of host diet, suggest that azoreductase potential may be altered in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease, and highlight the importance of studying bacterial enzymes for drug metabolism in their natural cellular and ecological context.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography

Understanding the structure and drivers of gut microbiota remains a major ecological endeavour. Recent studies have shown that several factors including diet, lifestyle and geography may substantially shape the human gut microbiota. However, most of these studies have focused on the more abundant bacterial component and comparatively less is known regarding fungi in the human gut. This knowledge deficit is especially true for rural and urban African populations. Therefore, we assessed the structure and drivers of rural and urban gut mycobiota. Results Our participants (n=100) were balanced by geography and sex. The mycobiota of these geographically separated cohorts was characterized using amplicon analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene. We further assessed biomarker species specific to rural and urban cohorts. In addition to phyla which have been shown to be ubiquitous constituents of gut microbiota, Pichia were key constituents of the mycobiota. We found that several factors including geographic location and lifestyle factors such as the smoking status were major drivers of gut mycobiota. Linear discriminant and the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed several distinct urban and rural biomarkers. Conclusions Together, our analysis reveals distinct community structure in urban and rural South African individuals. Geography and lifestyle related factors were shown to be key drivers of rural and urban gut microbiota.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

High Flux Isotope Reactor Low Enriched Uranium U-10Mo Fuel Design Parameters

Activities to convert the HFIR from HEU to LEU are ongoing as part of the US Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear nonproliferation mission. Design activities to study the conversion of HFIR from HEU to LEU fuel explored different fuel design features and shapes with a uranium-molybdenum (U-10Mo) monolithic alloy fuel. This high-density alloy contains 90 wt % uranium and 10 wt % molybdenum and has a uranium density of 15.318gU/cm 3 . The goal of these studies is to generate several candidate HFIR LEU fuel designs of varying fuel fabrication complexity that meet the current HEU performance metrics and safety requirements. Recent advancements in modeling and simulation tools and design methods enabled a thorough analysis of the available design space with U-10Mo fuel. A surrogate model used this analysis as training data to quickly determine the performance of a design given specific design parameters. An optimization module used this surrogate model to quickly search this multidimensional search space given specific desired performance characteristics. This approach was made possible by the large available design space with U-10Mo fuel. Shift, a Monte Carlo tool optimized for high-performance computing (HPC) architectures, was used for faster calculation and better data management for reactor physics simulations. Once most of these design studies were complete, a new suite called the Python HFIR Analysis and Measurement Engine (PHAME) was developed to connect all fuel design analysis steps, making design studies more efficient and reproducible. The post-processing capabilities of these new tools are leveraged for the information provided herein. Leveraging these tools, several candidate fuel designs were selected with varying levels of feature complexity and reactor performance. This report provides design feature details for four selected HFIR LEU U-10Mo fuel designs and their corresponding performance and safety metrics. Nominal best-estimate design parameters and irradiation conditions, including fission rate densities, power densities, heat fluxes, and cumulative fission densities, are provided. Simulations show that the high uranium density of U-10Mo fuel provides a large potential design space that enables various LEU designs to meet HEU core performance metrics and safety requirements with a power increase from 85 MW (HEU) to 95 MW or 100 MW (LEU).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigating the effect of B T direction on W source-to-core pathways during the SAS-VW campaign on DIII-D

Experiments using the V-shaped closed slot tungsten (W) coated SAS-VW divertor in DIII-D studied the effects of the BT direction on core contamination of eroded tungsten from a closed slot divertor configuration. Core W content is inferred using soft-X ray tomography (SXR) and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (SPRED), while W divertor erosion is inferred from visible spectroscopy of W emission (400.9 nm) measured by in-slot filterscopes (filtered photo-multipliers). Post-mortem analysis from the campaign discovered tile misalignment leading to suspected pronounced leading-edge erosion in the unfavorable BT direction (ion B ⃗×∇B ⃗ drift away from divertor) likely not captured by diagnostics. However, empirical findings show up to ~2-3x larger core contamination in the favorable BT direction even considering no additional W erosion from leading edges. A “source-to-core efficiency factor” is derived to estimate the effects of leading-edge erosion and compare W contamination for two pairs of H-mode discharges in opposite BT directions. While having differing absolute parameters, similar core impurity density gradients suggest comparable core impurity transport. These results show that favorable BT may have stronger source-to-core pathways for W impurities sourced from the outer divertor region. Possible explanations could include the effects of E ⃗×B ⃗ drifts on W transport in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) as well as previously determined fast SOL inner target directed flows in favorable BT.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Trophic interactions shape the spatial organization of medium-chain carboxylic acid producing granular biofilm communities

Abstract Granular biofilms producing medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) from carbohydrate-rich industrial feedstocks harbor highly streamlined communities converting sugars to MCCA either directly or via lactic acid as intermediate. We investigated the spatial organization and growth activity patterns of MCCA producing granular biofilms grown on an industrial side stream to test (i) whether key functional guilds (lactic acid producing Olsenella and MCCA producing Oscillospiraceae) stratified in the biofilm based on substrate usage, and (ii) whether spatial patterns of growth activity shaped the unique, lenticular morphology of these biofilms. First, three novel isolates (one Olsenella and two Oscillospiraceae species) representing over half of the granular biofilm community were obtained and used to develop FISH probes, revealing that key functional guilds were not stratified. Instead, the outer 150–500 µm of the granular biofilm consisted of a well-mixed community of Olsenella and Oscillospiraceae, while deeper layers were made up of other bacteria with lower activities. Second, nanoSIMS analysis of 15N incorporation in biofilms grown in normal and lactic acid amended conditions suggested Oscillospiraceae switched from sugars to lactic acid as substrate. This suggests competitive-cooperative interactions may govern the spatial organization of these biofilms, and suggests that optimizing biofilm size may be a suitable process engineering strategy. Third, growth activities were similar in the polar and equatorial biofilm peripheries, leaving the mechanism behind the lenticular biofilm morphology unexplained. Physical processes (e.g., shear hydrodynamics, biofilm life cycles) may have contributed to lenticular biofilm development. Together, this study develops an ecological framework of MCCA-producing granular biofilms that informs bioprocess development.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Low- n global ideal MHD instabilities in the CFETR baseline scenario

This article reports an evaluation on the linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) baseline scenario for various first-wall locations. The initial-value code NIMROD and eigen-value code AEGIS are employed in this analysis. Despite the distinctly different approaches in modeling the scrape off layer region, the dominant growth in each of the low-n (n=1–10) modes are consistent between the two codes. We report the higher-n modes are dominated by ballooning modes and localized in the pedestal region, while the lower-n modes have more prominent external kink components and broader mode profiles. The influence of the plasma-vacuum profile and wall shape are also examined using NIMROD. In the presence of a resistive wall, the low-n ideal MHD instabilities are further studied using AEGIS. For the designed first-wall location, the n=1 resistive wall mode is found to be unstable, which could be fully stabilized by uniform toroidal rotation above the 2.9% core Alfven speed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Constraints on Growth Rate from Redshift-space Ellipticity Correlations of SDSS Galaxies at 0.16 < z < 0.70

We report the first constraints on the growth rate of the universe, f(z)σ 8 (z), with intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies. We measure the galaxy density-intrinsic ellipticity cross-correlation and intrinsic ellipticity autocorrelation functions over 0.16 < z < 0.7 from luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and LOWZ and CMASS galaxy samples in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-III BOSS survey. We detect clear anisotropic signals of IA due to redshift-space distortions. By combining measured IA statistics with the conventional galaxy clustering statistics, we obtain tighter constraints on the growth rate. The improvement is particularly prominent for the LRG, which is the brightest galaxy sample and known to be strongly aligned with underlying dark matter distribution; using the measurements on scales above 10 h -1 Mpc, we obtain $f{\sigma }_{8}={0.5196}_{-0.0354}^{+0.0352}$ (68% confidence level) from the clustering-only analysis and $f{\sigma }_{8}={0.5322}_{-0.0291}^{+0.0293}$ with clustering and IA, meaning 19% improvement. The constraint is in good agreement with the prediction of general relativity, f σ 8 = 0.4937 at z = 0.34. For LOWZ and CMASS samples, the improvement of constraints on f σ 8 is found to be 10% and 3.5%, respectively. Our results indicate that the contribution from IA statistics for cosmological constraints can be further enhanced by carefully selecting galaxies for a shape sample.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Numerical assessment of triply periodic minimal surfaces for direct air capture of carbon dioxide

Direct air capture (DAC) systems often consist of packing material wetted by a capture fluid that reacts with CO 2 in the airstream. The efficiency of the contactor is determined by a complex relationship of fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, contactor geometry, and chemical properties. The efficiency of the contactor must be balanced with other factors, primarily pressure drop through the system. Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are a class of differential surfaces that have been explored in multiple engineering applications and have been shown to exhibit excellent performance when used in heat exchangers. Their tortuous path provides a high surface-to-volume ratio and favorable trade-off between contact area and pressure drop. In this work, a gyroid-type TPMS contactor was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics for a variety of geometric parameters to explore the potential benefit of TPMS shapes for DAC applications. A thin-film model was employed to model the flow and distribution of the capture solvent, allowing efficient simulations of TPMS structures at scale by eliminating the need for a computationally intensive interface capturing method. A liquid-gas mass transfer model was implemented in the commercial software STAR-CCM+ and used to predict the CO 2 capture efficiency and study the trade-off between capture performance and pressure drop through analysis of capture rates, mass transfer coefficients, and other relevant variables. TPMS contactors with a variety of geometric parameters and two capture solvent options were investigated to determine the effect of design choices on the operational performance of DAC systems. In conclusion, results showed that while contactor geometry is the dominant factor in efficiency and pressure drop, the physiochemical properties of the solvent are an important secondary influence on the contactor performance.

CFD↗
DOE OSTI2025

Au 76 (SC 6 H 4 - p -CH 3 ) 42 Square Quantum Platelet: One-Dimensional Growth of Quantum Rods Turns 90 Degrees

The growth pattern of atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) is of fundamental interest, and the structural effect on their photoluminescence (PL) is important owing to their PL in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) range (900–1700 nm optoelectronically or 1000–1700 nm biologically) that holds great promise for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Because of the small energy gaps required for NIR-II emission, the PL performance of NIR-II luminophores is largely limited by nonradiative processes. In this work, we discovered a Au 76 (p-MBT) 42 (Au 76 ) (p-MBTH = p-methylbenzenethiol) nanocluster featuring a face-centered cubic (fcc) core in a square shape (edge length: 1 nm). This square quantum platelet can be viewed as a side-facet (010) growth of the Au 52 (p-MBT) 32 (Au 52 ) rod, as opposed to the (001) facet growth. We found that Au 76 exhibits bright emission centered at 970 nm with a PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 30% in solution under ambient conditions, which can be further enhanced to 40% when the solution is deaerated. X-ray crystallography analysis coupled with time-resolved spectroscopy revealed that the nearly doubled PLQY compared to Au 52 (18.3%) was resulted from shorter Au–Au bond lengths in Au 76 (average 2.835 Å) than that in Au 52 (3.04 Å). This work provides important insights into the design of highly luminescent NCs, which are promising for photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and optoelectronic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multi-probe analysis of the galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332: Hydrostatic mass and hydrostatic-to-lensing bias

The precise estimation of the mass of galaxy clusters is a major issue for cosmology. Large galaxy cluster surveys rely on scaling laws that relate cluster observables to their masses. From the high-resolution observations of ~45 galaxy clusters with the NIKA2 and XMM-Newton instruments, the NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Large Program should provide an accurate scaling relation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and the hydrostatic mass. In this paper we present an exhaustive analysis of the hydrostatic mass of the well-known galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332, the highest-redshift cluster in the NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Large Program at z = 0.89. We combined the NIKA2 observations with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich data from the NIKA, Bolocam, and MUSTANG instruments and XMM-Newton X-ray observations, and tested the impact of the systematic effects on the mass reconstruction. We conclude that slight differences in the shape of the mass profile can be crucial when defining the integrated mass at R 500 , which demonstrates the importance of the modelling in the mass determination. We prove the robustness of our hydrostatic mass estimates by showing the agreement with all the results found in the literature. Another key factor for cosmology is the bias of the masses estimated assuming the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. Based on the lensing convergence maps from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) data, we obtain the lensing mass estimate for CL J1226.9+3332. From this we are able to measure the hydrostatic-to-lensing mass bias for this cluster, which spans from 1–b HSE/lens ~0.7 to 1, presenting the impact of data sets and mass reconstruction models on the bias.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗