Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “metabolic”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of Pelvic Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer on Global Metabolic Profiles and Microbiota-Driven Gastrointestinal Late Side Effects: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Radiation therapy to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes (PLNRT) is part of the curative treatment of high-risk prostate cancer. Yet, the broader influence of radiation therapy on patient physiology is poorly understood. We conducted comprehensive global metabolomic profiling of urine, plasma, and stools sampled from patients undergoing PLNRT for high-risk prostate cancer.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Distinct protein architectures mediate species-specific beta-glucan binding and metabolism in the human gut microbiota

Complex glycans that evade our digestive system are major nutrients that feed the human gut microbiota (HGM). The prevalence of Bacteroidetes in the HGM of populations worldwide is engendered by the evolution of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), which encode concerted protein systems to utilize the myriad complex glycans in our diets. Despite their crucial roles in glycan recognition and transport, cell-surface glycan-binding proteins (SGBPs) remained understudied cogs in the PUL machinery. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterization of a suite of SGBP-A and SGBP-B structures from three syntenic β(1,3)-glucan utilization loci (1,3GULs) from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), Bacteroides uniformis (Bu), and B. fluxus (Bf), which have varying specificities for distinct β-glucans. Ligand complexes provide definitive insight into β(1,3)-glucan selectivity in the HGM, including structural features enabling dual β(1,3)-glucan/mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucan-binding capability in some orthologs. The tertiary structural conservation of SusD-like SGBPs-A is juxtaposed with the diverse architectures and binding modes of the SGBPs-B. Specifically, the structures of the trimodular BtSGBP-B and BuSGBP-B revealed a tandem repeat of carbohydrate-binding module-like domains connected by long linkers. In contrast, BfSGBP-B comprises a bimodular architecture with a distinct β-barrel domain at the C terminus that bears a shallow binding canyon. The molecular insights obtained here contribute to our fundamental understanding of HGM function, which in turn may inform tailored microbial intervention therapies.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effects of salinity and nutrients on metabolism and growth of Ulva lactuca : Implications for bioremediation of coastal watersheds

We studied Ulva lactuca to determine its potential for bioremediation of coastal watersheds. We cultured Ulva in orthogonal combinations of two salinities and three nutrient concentrations for six weeks, and then measured its growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus tissue concentrations, and carbon and nitrogen uptake pathways. Our findings show that Ulva was negatively affected by decreased salinity but these effects were ameliorated by the addition of nutrients to the water, such as would be expected from freshwater runoff during heavy rain events. Also, increased nutrients resulted in altered nitrogen (NH$_4^ +$ vs. NO$_3^-$) and carbon (HCO$_3^-$ vs. CO 2 ) uptake pathways, which can allow Ulva to retain its bloom potential even under reduced salinities. Together, our study suggests that Ulva is an ideal species to grow for the purpose of bioremediation of coastal bays and estuaries, even during storms that freshen the surface waters and increase nutrients.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Acyl-Proteome of Syntrophus aciditrophicus Reveals Metabolic Relationships in Benzoate Degradation

Syntrophus aciditrophicus is a syntrophic bacterium degrading fatty and aromatic acids into acetate, CO 2 , formate, and H 2 , consumed by methanogenic archaea. The syntroph’s acyllysine modifications were analyzed with a workflow avoiding antibody enrichment, enabling unbiased global acylation profiling. Seven acyl modification types were identified, six corresponding to reactive acyl-CoA species intermediates in benzoate degradation. Benzoatedegrading enzymes were also prominent among the 60 acylated proteins. The abundant acylations and active deacylases suggest that post-translational modifications directly regulate syntrophic benzoate degradation

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗