SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “linearization”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Reflective metasurfaces for broadband terahertz linear-to-circular polarization conversion and circular dichroism spectroscopy

Metasurface polarization convertors permit conversion of an input linear polarization to right- or left-handed circular polarization based on the orientation of the input linear polarization, over a broad bandwidth and with high efficiency. The reflected circular polarizations can be used to evaluate samples for circular dichroism. A THz time-domain detection provides a time domain terahertz signal that is Fourier transformed to produce a THz circular dichroism spectrum.

Chen, Hou-Tong↗

DOE OSTI2022

Free piston linear motor compressor and associated systems of operation

A linear motor compressor including a compressor housing and a cylinder housing having a plurality of opposing compression chambers. A piston freely reciprocates within the cylinder housing using a linear electric motor. A piston position feedback control system provides adaptive current output as a function of position feedback and/or velocity feedback from the piston and/or the electric motor, to directly power and control the electric motor, wherein the piston reciprocates without assistance from a mechanical spring or other equivalent centering force.

Stair, Jason↗

DOE OSTI2023

Truncated non-linear interferometer-based sensor system

A truncated non-linear interferometer-based sensor system includes an input that receives an optical beam and a non-linear amplifier that generates a probe beam and a conjugate beam from the optical beam. The system's local oscillators are related to the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The system includes a sensor that transduces an input with the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The transduction detects changes in the phase of each of the probe beam and the conjugate beam. The system's phase sensitive detectors detect phase modulations between the respective local oscillators, the probe beam, and the conjugate beam and outputs phase signals based on detected phase modulations. The system measures phase signals indicative of the sensor's input resulting from a sum or difference of the phase signals. The measurement exhibits a quantum noise reduction in an intensity difference, a phase sum, or an amplitude difference quadrature.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2022

An efficient decoder for a linear distance quantum LDPC code

Recent developments have shown the existence of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes with constant rate and linear distance. A natural question concerns the efficient decodability of these codes. In this paper, we present a linear time decoder for the recent quantum Tanner codes construction of asymptotically good qLDPC codes, which can correct all errors of weight up to a constant fraction of the blocklength. Our decoder is an iterative algorithm which searches for corrections within constant-sized regions. At each step, the corrections are found by reducing a locally defined and efficiently computable cost function which serves as a proxy for the weight of the remaining error.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2012

Jefferson Lab Electron Model of a Muon Recirculated Linear Accelerator

Neutrino factories (NF) and Muon Colliders (MC) require rapid acceleration of muon beams. A recirculating linear accelerator (RLA) together with high momentum acceptance recirculating arcs designed to transport more than one orbit, provides a fast and economical means of achieving this goal. We propose to test this concept by building a small machine, Jefferson Lab Electron Model of a Muon Recirculating Linear Accelerator (JEMMRLA) . Scaling the muon momentum by the muon to electron mass ratio and changing the RF frequency from 200 MHz to 1.5 GHz leads to a compact machine which fits in a 25x7 m footprint. The electron beam of initial momentum of 4.5 MeV/c is injected at the center of a linac comprised of two 1.5 Ghz cavities. The recirculating arcs are made of fixed field combined function magnets providing quadrupole and dipole fields.

Roblin, Yves↗

DOE OSTI2012

Linear source approximation in CASMO5

A Linear Source (LS) approximation has been implemented in the two-dimensional Method of Characteristics (MOC) transport solver in a prototype version of CASMO5. The LS approximation, which relies on the computation of trajectory-based spatial moments over source regions to obtain the linear source expansion coefficients, improves the solution accuracy relative to the 'flat' or constant source approximation. In addition, the LS formulation is capable of treating arbitrarily-shaped source regions and is compatible with standard Coarse-Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) acceleration. Numerical tests presented in this paper for the C5G7 MOX benchmark show that, for comparable accuracy with respect to the reference solution, the LS approximation can reduce the run time by a factor of four and the memory requirements by a factor often relative to the FS scheme. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2014

Air Activation Calculations for Electron Linear Accelerators - Paper 114

Electron linear accelerators produce x-ray photons when the beam interacts with material such as beam stops or beamline components. These photons subsequently cause radioactivation in air, primarily through ({gamma},n) reactions. While most of these nuclides have short half-lives, they can lead to doses to personnel entering the accelerator or experimental areas and can be released to the environment. Accurate calculations are needed for the production, decay, and clearance of these nuclides. This paper discusses two treatments of air activation. An approximate treatment makes use of the fact that the Bremsstrahlung photon fluence is proportional to beam power and the path length in air, but does not account for heavily shielded loss points or how far the beam energy is above each reaction threshold. Using detailed radiation transport codes like MCNPX avoids these problems. Examples are provided for two electron linear accelerators at Argonne National Laboratory: the Low-Energy Accelerator Facility (LEAF) and the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). MCNPX was used to calculate photonuclear reaction rates in the air at two electron accelerators at Argonne. Combined with realistic models for air exhaust, these results were used to calculate effects to facility staff, other personnel, and the environment. (authors)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2022

A flexible linear diffusion acceleration to k-eigenvalue neutron transport with SN discontinuous finite element method

In this paper, we derive a flexible linear diffusion acceleration (LDA) for k-eigenvalue neutron transport discretized with discontinuous finite element method (DFEM) and discrete ordinates(SN). This LDA is based on our two pieces of previous works: the flexible non linear diffusion acceleration (NDA) for DFEM-SN and LDA for k-eigenvalue neutron transport using pre-conditioned Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov with self-adjoint angular flux (SAAF), continuous finite element method(CFEM), and SN. We point out the differences between LDA and NDA for DFEM-SN and the difference between DFEM-SN and SAAF-CFEM-SN for LDA. Numerical tests are presented to compare the convergence behaviour of NDA and LDA. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Initial PIP-II Beam Current Monitor Fault Case Analyses & Beam Position Monitor Linearity Studies in CST Studio Suite

The use of non-invasive sensors & systems to measure particle beam characteristics is a crucial part of modern accelerator control systems due to their ability to return real time beam data while minimizing negative effects on beam quality. To ensure that one can be reasonably confident these sensors will behave as desired upon be-ing implemented within the beamline, simulations pre-dicting the performance of these sensors under beamline conditions can be used as a valuable tool for checking sensor functionality without a physical test bench. This paper details the design, testing, and results of two sensor models developed using CST Studio Suite soft-ware designed to mimic two sensors to be implemented within the PIP-III beamline: an elliptical, large-aperture beam position monitor (BPM) for which vertical & hori-zontal position signal linearity was analyzed, and an AC current transformer (ACCT) beam current monitor (BCM) used to search for potential fault cases within the BCM and beam pipe flange gaps. Special focus is given to the discovery of linearity variations within the BPM and the use of frequency domain techniques in the BCM fault case analyses.

Rouzky, A. R.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Spatially Aware Linear Transformer (SAL-T) for Particle Jet Tagging

Transformers are very effective in capturing both global and local correlations within high-energy particle collisions, but they present deployment challenges in high-data-throughput environments, such as the CERN LHC. The quadratic complexity of transformer models demands substantial resources and increases latency during inference. In order to address these issues, we introduce the Spatially Aware Linear Transformer (SAL-T), a physics-inspired enhancement of the linformer architecture that maintains linear attention. Our method incorporates spatially aware partitioning of particles based on kinematic features, thereby computing attention between regions of physical significance. Additionally, we employ convolutional layers to capture local correlations, informed by insights from jet physics. In addition to outperforming the standard linformer in jet classification tasks, SAL-T also achieves classification results comparable to full-attention transformers, while using considerably fewer resources with lower latency during inference. Experiments on a generic point cloud classification dataset (ModelNet10) further confirm this trend. Our code is available at https://github.com/aaronw5/SAL-T4HEP.

Wang, Aaron [Illinois U., Chicago] (ORCID:00000003↗

DOE OSTI2019

Large-scale quasi-Newton trust-region methods with low-dimensional linear equality constraints

We propose two limited-memory BFGS (L-BFGS) trust-region methods for large-scale optimization with linear equality constraints. Here, the methods are intended for problems where the number of equality constraints is small. By exploiting the structure of the quasi-Newton compact representation, both proposed methods solve the trust-region subproblems nearly exactly, even for large problems. We derive theoretical global convergence results of the proposed algorithms, and compare their numerical effectiveness and performance on a variety of large-scale problems.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Linear relationships for modeling CO 2 absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions in a thermodynamically consistent way

A thermodynamically consistent model for the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) absorption in aqueous alkanolamine system is of great importance in the research and development of a CO 2 capture process. To facilitate the development of thermodynamic models, linear Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity relationships using well-known amines as reference are used to correlate the standard reference state properties of ionic species with those of molecular species in the electrolyte system, which has been approved to provide a reliable and consistent way to estimate required parameters when there is minimal or no appropriate experimental data available. Here, the proposed relationships have been applied to the development of an electrolyte nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model for CO 2 absorption in aqueous 1-amino-2-propanol (A2P) solution, as an example to demonstration the methodology. With limited vapor–liquid equilibrium data and other thermodynamic properties, the parameters in the electrolyte NRTL model are identified with good accuracy.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

A scalable approach to solving dense linear algebra problems on hybrid CPU-GPU systems

Aiming to fully exploit the computing power of all CPUs and all graphics processing units (GPUs) on hybrid CPU-GPU systems to solve dense linear algebra problems, in this paper we design a class of heterogeneous tile algorithms to maximize the degree of parallelism, to minimize the communication volume, and to accommodate the heterogeneity between CPUs and GPUs. The new heterogeneous tile algorithms are executed upon our decentralized dynamic scheduling runtime system, which schedules a task graph dynamically and transfers data between compute nodes automatically. The runtime system uses a new distributed task assignment protocol to solve data dependencies between tasks without any coordination between processing units. By overlapping computation and communication through dynamic scheduling, we are able to attain scalable performance for the double-precision Cholesky factorization and QR factorization. Finally, our approach demonstrates a performance comparable to Intel MKL on shared-memory multicore systems and better performance than both vendor (e.g., Intel MKL) and open source libraries (e.g., StarPU) in the following three environments: heterogeneous clusters with GPUs, conventional clusters without GPUs, and shared-memory systems with multiple GPUs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Nonnegative canonical tensor decomposition with linear constraints: nnCANDELINC

Abstract There is an emerging interest for tensor factorization applications in big‐data analytics and machine learning. To speed up the factorization of extra‐large datasets, organized in multidimensional arrays (also known as tensors), easy to compute compression‐based tensor representations, such as, Tucker and tensor train formats, are used to approximate the initial large‐tensor. Further, tensor factorization is used to extract latent features that can facilitate discoveries of new mechanisms and signatures hidden in the data, where the explainability of the latent features is of principal importance. Nonnegative tensor factorization extracts latent features that are naturally sparse and parts of the data, which makes them easily interpretable. However, to take into account available domain knowledge and subject matter expertise, often additional constraints need to be imposed, which lead us to canonical decomposition with linear constraints (CANDELINC), a canonical polyadic decomposition with rank deficient factors. In CANDELINC, Tucker compression is used as a preprocessing step, which lead to a larger residual error but to more explainable latent features. Here, we propose a nonnegative CANDELINC (nnCANDELINC) accomplished via a specific nonnegative Tucker decomposition; we refer to as minimal or canonical nonnegative Tucker. We derive several results required to understand the specificity of nnCANDELINC, focusing on the difficulties of preserving the nonnegative rank of a tensor to its Tucker core and comparing the real valued to nonnegative case. Finally, we demonstrate nnCANDELINC performance on synthetic and real‐world examples.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2024

Surface science insight note: A linear algebraic approach to elucidate native films on Fe 3 O 4 surface

Standard materials are often used to obtain spectra that can be compared to those from unknown samples. Spectra measured from these known substances are also used as a means of computing sensitivity factors to allow quantification by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of less well-defined materials. Spectra from known materials also provide line shapes suitable for inclusion in spectral models which, when fitted to spectra, permit the chemical state for a sample to be assessed. Both types of information depend on isolating photoemission signals from the inelastically scattered signal. In this Insight note, technical issues associated with the use of XPS of as received Fe 3 O 4 powder sample surface are discussed. The Insight note is designed to show how linear algebraic techniques applied to data collected from a sample marketed as pure Fe 3 O 4 powder are used to verify that XPS has been performed on chemistry representative of the sample. The methods described in this Insight note can further be utilized in elucidating complex XPS data obtained from thin films formed or evolved during cyclic/non-steady use of complex (electro)catalyst surfaces, especially in the presence of contaminants.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2015

Field testing of linear individual pitch control on the two-bladed controls advanced research turbine

This paper presents the results of field tests using linear individual pitch control (LIPC) on the two-bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine 2 (CART2) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). LIPC has recently been introduced as an alternative to the conventional individual pitch control (IPC) strategy for two-bladed wind turbines. The main advantage of LIPC over conventional IPC is that it requires, at most, only two feedback loops to potentially reduce the periodic blade loads. In previous work, LIPC was designed to implement blade pitch angles at a fixed frequency (e.g., the once-per-revolution (1P) frequency), which made it only applicable in above-rated wind turbine operating conditions. In this study, LIPC is extended to below-rated operating conditions by gain scheduling the controller on the rotor speed. With this extension, LIPC and conventional IPC are successfully applied to the NREL CART2 wind turbine. Lastly, the field-test results obtained during the measurement campaign indicate that LIPC significantly reduces the wind turbine loads for both below-rated and above-rated operation.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2014

Towards reversible basic linear algebra subprograms: A performance study

Problems such as fault tolerance and scalable synchronization can be efficiently solved using reversibility of applications. Making applications reversible by relying on computation rather than on memory is ideal for large scale parallel computing, especially for the next generation of supercomputers in which memory is expensive in terms of latency, energy, and price. In this direction, a case study is presented here in reversing a computational core, namely, Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms, which is widely used in scientific applications. A new Reversible BLAS (RBLAS) library interface has been designed, and a prototype has been implemented with two modes: (1) a memory-mode in which reversibility is obtained by checkpointing to memory in forward and restoring from memory in reverse, and (2) a computational-mode in which nothing is saved in the forward, but restoration is done entirely via inverse computation in reverse. The article is focused on detailed performance benchmarking to evaluate the runtime dynamics and performance effects, comparing reversible computation with checkpointing on both traditional CPU platforms and recent GPU accelerator platforms. For BLAS Level-1 subprograms, data indicates over an order of magnitude better speed of reversible computation compared to checkpointing. For BLAS Level-2 and Level-3, a more complex tradeoff is observed between reversible computation and checkpointing, depending on computational and memory complexities of the subprograms.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2019

Linear Regression Based Multi-fidelity Surrogate for Disturbance Amplification in Multi-phase Explosion

When simulations are very expensive and many are required, as for optimization or uncertainty quantification, a way to reduce cost is using surrogates. With multiple simulations to predict the quantity of interest, some being very expensive and accurate (high-fidelity simulations) and others cheaper but less accurate (low-fidelity simulations), it may be worthwhile to use multifidelity surrogates (MFSs). Moreover, if we can afford just a few high-fidelity simulations or experiments, MFS becomes necessary. Co-Kriging, which is probably the most popular MFS, replaces both low-fidelity and high-fidelity simulations by a single MFS. A recently proposed linear regression–based MFS (LR-MFS) offers the option to correct the LF simulations instead of correcting the LF surrogate in the MFS. When the low-fidelity simulation is cheap enough for use in an application, such as optimization, this may be an attractive option. Here, we explore the performance of LR-MFS using exact and surrogate-replaced low-fidelity simulations. The concern studied is a cylindrical dispersal of 100-μ m-diameter solid particles after detonation and the quantity of interest is a measure of the amplification of the departure from axisymmetry. We find very substantial accuracy improvements for this problem using the LR-MFS with exact low-fidelity simulations. Inspired by these results, we also compare the performance of co-Kriging to the use of Kriging to correct exact low-fidelity simulations and find a similar accuracy improvement when simulations are directly used. For this problem, further improvements in accuracy are achievable by taking advantage of inherent parametric symmetries. These findings may alert users of MFSs to the possible advantages of using exact low-fidelity simulations when this is affordable.

42 ENGINEERING↗