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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

STEReO: Combining NASA Technologies and Partnerships to Transform Current-Day Emergency Response Operations

STEReO brings together several technologies in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM), Autonomy, Communications, Human Factors, and Domain Expertise & Tools, aimed at providing scalability and flexibility, as well as operational resiliency to dynamic changes during a disaster event. Some of the concepts STEReO explores are: collaborative tools to ingest remote sensing information and distribute a common mission operating picture, apply ad-hoc communication networks to facilitate timely information sharing and communication of changes, vehicle-to-vehicle and onboard autonomy technologies ensure the safety and resiliency of operations, and apply NASA’s UAS traffic management system (UTM) as a public safety UAS Service Supplier (USS) to access and coordinate use of the airspace by both manned and unmanned operations. The potential benefits of STEReO include: standardized, cross-platform communication means increased interoperability and ease of cooperation/collaboration, increased situation awareness and common operating picture allow for earlier detection and decision making, and scalable to size and complexity of environment, operations, and mission objectives. This presentation gives an informational overview of the STEReO project and details progress made in the past year, to attendees of the Tactical Fire Remote Sensing Advisory Committee (TFRSAC) fall workshop.

emergency response operations↗
NASA NTRS2020

Perspectives on Data Reproducibility and Replicability in Paleoclimate and Climate Science

This paper summarizes the current state of reproducibility and replicability in the fields of climate and paleoclimate science, including brief histories of their development and applications in climate science, new and recent approaches towards improvement of reproducibility and replicability, and challenges. Recommendations for addressing those challenges include: development of searchable, auto-updated, interlinked, multi-archive public paleoclimate repositories for raw and processed digital datasets; cross-center standardized code base cases, improved data storage techniques, and a focus on replicability for climate simulation storage and access; and support of the development and community awareness of findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) principles by funding agencies and publishers. This paper is largely based on the May 2018 presentations of a panel of researchers to the Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science, part of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. The commentary and recommendations made here are in alignment with those of its Consensus Study Report on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (2019).

data repositories↗
NASA NTRS2021

An Ontology-Based Virtual Orrery

Tutorials in this technical memorandum explain how to use the Protégé ontology editor to import data from Excel and export data from Protégé in the JavaScript Object Notation Linked Data (JSON-LD) format then how to transform the JSON-LD file into variables for web apps. These tutorials apply JavaScript and R programming languages and 3D graphics libraries. Ontologies enable standardization, data sharing, and semantic interoperability. An ontology models a domain of knowledge as taxonomies of annotated classes, data properties, relational object properties, and inference rules. This technical memorandum includes a data dictionary for a subset of the Space Situational Awareness Ontology (SSAO).

Ontologies↗
NASA NTRS2021

STEReO

STEReO brings together several technologies in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM), Autonomy, Communications, Human Factors, and Domain Expertise & Tools, aimed at providing scalability and flexibility, as well as operational resiliency to dynamic changes during a disaster event. Some of the concepts STEReO explores are: collaborative tools to ingest remote sensing information and distribute a common mission operating picture, apply ad-hoc communication networks to facilitate timely information sharing and communication of changes, vehicle-to-vehicle and onboard autonomy technologies ensure the safety and resiliency of operations, and apply NASA’s UAS traffic management system (UTM) as a public safety UAS Service Supplier (USS) to access and coordinate use of the airspace by both manned and unmanned operations. The potential benefits of STEReO include: standardized, cross-platform communication means increased interoperability and ease of cooperation/collaboration, increased situation awareness and common operating picture allow for earlier detection and decision making, and scalable to size and complexity of environment, operations, and mission objectives. This brochure/posture gives an overview of the STEReO project and identifies STEReO as one of the research efforts under the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions (CAS) project within ARMD's Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program (TACP).

traffic management↗
NASA NTRS2017

Iris Deep-Space Transponder for SLS EM-1 CubeSat Missions

Several key design upgrades have been recently made to the Iris Deep-Space Transponder baselined to be used on secondary payload missions of the upcoming Space Launch System Exploration Mission One (SLS EM-1). The Iris Transponder is a reconfigurable software-defined radio (SDR) designed for missions requiring interoperability with NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) on X-band frequencies (7.2 GHz uplink, 8.4 GHz downlink). The transponder provides radiometric tracking support with the DSN to provide navigational products for precise orbit determination while performing standard uplink and downlink communications in a CubeSat/SmallSat-applicable package size. The recent hardware changes include a volume reduction of 30% from previous models, with the main transponder unit weighing less than 1.0 kg, while maintaining total ionizing dose (TID) radiation tolerance of >23 krads (Si) for deep-space missions. Lab tests indicate maximum downlink rates of up to 6.25 Msps can be supported by the transponder in conventional BPSK modulation, but most SLS EM-1 CubeSat missions are link-performance limited to less than 256 kbps. A prototype unit of the flight production units has been assembled and various performance and characterization tests are underway. This talk discusses the key design aspects and specifications of the Iris Transponder and presents preliminary results from early testing of the assembled transponder.

Kobayashi, M. Michael↗
NASA NTRS2018

Model-Driven Development For PDS4 Software And Services

Software and services that access Planetary Data System (PDS) PDS4 data products need to parse product labels to retrieve, interpret, and process the referenced digital objects. Under PDS4 a driving principle is that the product label provide all of the information necessary for these functions to be performed accurately. However, significantly more information is available in the PDS4 Information Model (IM)[1], the controlling document used to define, create, and syntactically and semantically verify the product labels. This additional information in the IM is made available for use, by both software and services, to configure, promote resiliency, and improve interoperability.

Padams, Jordan↗
NASA NTRS2017

Sharing Telemetry across Organizations and Systems

The XTCE (XML Telemetric and Command Exchange) standard provides a way to describe space mission telemetry and command “databases” (or dictionaries) to be exchanged across centers and space agencies. Having a standard format for describing the telemetry and command formats allows for the development or adoption of compatible tools and significantly reduces the amount of custom software development often needed to ensure all system components have access to consistent format definitions. The main objective of this paper is to show how powerful XTCE is in terms of interoperability across organizations. This paper summarizes work which entailed converting the mission telemetry database for a current NASA mission, in XTCE format, into several target mission operation databases associated with different telemetry and command toolchains, and then, comparing the results of the telemetry processing and display. The target toolchains selected were Ball Aerospace/COSMOS, NASA-GSFC/ITOS (Goddard Space Flight Center/Integrated Test and Operations System), and NASA-AMMOS/AMPCS (Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System/Mission Data Processing and Control System) – all real-time telemetry and command processing systems.

Jones, Ron↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Impact of NASA’s Entry Systems Modeling Project on Planetary Mission Design

Planetary missions continue to grow larger and more complex. Furthermore, the current focus on human exploration of the Moon and Mars, as well as Mars Sample Return(MSR), place increas-ingly stringent requirements on the reliability of the entry, descent, and landing (EDL) system that ensures the safe delivery of payload or crew to their destination. Planetary EDL is an area in which mission designers are critically reliant on modeling and simulation to demonstrate the reliability of the system, as there are no ground facilities that are able to fully test these systems in a flight-relevant environment. NASA’s state-of-the-art modeling and simulation capability must continually evolve to meet the needs of the next generation of planetary EDL. To accomplish this aim, NASA’s Entry Systems Modeling (ESM) Project was formed in 2013and is funded bythe Space Technology Mission Directorate(STMD) and Science Mission Directorate (SMD). ESM is the Agency’s only cross-cutting effort for advancing entry systems modeling and simulation capabilities across a range of technical disciplines and Solar System destinations. ESM is a portfolio project covering a variety of mid-TRL research efforts within four core EDL-related areas of investment: (1) Thermal protection material modeling, (2) Shock layer kinetics and radiation, (3) Aerosciences, and (4) Guidance, navigation, and con-trol. The material modeling group creates detailed material response modelsof thermal protection systems (TPS)from the micro to macro scale, and at the fun-damental and engineering levels. Shock layer kinetics and radiation focuses on radiative heating of space-craft, quantum chemistry and benchmark experiments for validation.Aerosciences is a broad research area that impacts many aspects of entry systems, including parachutes, aerodynamics, and turbulent heating augmentation due to TPS roughness.The guidance, navigation,and control effort under ESM is expanding the capabilities of NASA’s main flight mechanics tool, POST2, for use on high-performance computing architectures and to generalize interoperability with external applications for more detailed end-to-end simula-tion.In addition, several focusedresearch topics have been approvedto augment ESM’s core portfolio. These include efforts for deep post-flight analysis of Mars 2020/MEDLI2 flight data; development ofTPS failure models; improvement of hypersonic wakeflow models; and a recently concluded effort to provide material response models for NuSil-coated PICA heat-shield material. This presentation will discuss each of these investment areas and demonstrate via real mission examples how advances to the state-of-the-art enabled by ESM are directly impacting the missions of today and tomorrow, including InSight, Mars 2020, Mars Sample Return, Orion, and Dragonfly.

Entry Systems Modeling↗
NASA NTRS2019

Integrated support of NASA satellite and in situ oceanographic data via the PO.DAAC

The NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC) serves as one of the premier repositories for oceanographic satellite data. More recently, however, it is also increasingly archiving and distributing complementary in situ datasets from NASA-sponsored field campaigns. Here we present an overview of these projects, the complex multivariate data they produce, and some of the data interoperability challenges faced when dealing with such a heterogeneous suite of observations. We summarize the range of online tools and services currently available via the PODAAC, including data discovery services, web-services for subsetting/extraction, compliance checking and visualization. We also preview some new capabilities under development that may feature in future. These efforts are indicative of an evolution of DAAC services in pursuit of our broader vision: a more integrated approach to multi-sensor oceanographic data access and delivery spanning NASA satellite missions and field campaigns in support of science and applications for societal benefit.

Vannan, Suresh↗
NASA NTRS2021

NASA Engineering and Safety Center Technical Bulletin No. 21-02: Genesis Flight Mechanics Simulation

Genesis Flight Mechanics Simulation The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) consolidated and modernized a suite of legacy flight mechanics simulations, including the Flight Analysis and Simulation Tool (FAST), resulting in Genesis, a generic, multi-vehicle, variable-degree-of-freedom flight mechanics simulation for ascent, aerocapture, entry, descent, and landing (A2EDL) trajectory design. Genesis is more flexible, capable, and performant than FAST. It enables trajectory optimization and interactive trajectory generation. Its interoperability with Copernicus, an exo-atmospheric and interplanetary trajectory design tool, facilitates end-to-end trajectory optimization across all mission phases. Genesis is implemented in Julia, a new language for technical computing that combines the ease of use of scripting languages with the run-time performance of compiled languages.

EDL↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Scalable Traffic Management for Emergency Response Operations (STEReO)

STEReO brings together several technologies in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM), Autonomy, Communications, Human Factors, and Domain Expertise & Tools, aimed at providing scalability and flexibility, as well as operational resiliency to dynamic changes during a disaster event. Some of the concepts STEReO explores are: collaborative tools to ingest remote sensing information and distribute a common mission operating picture, apply ad-hoc communication networks to facilitate timely information sharing and communication of changes, vehicle-to-vehicle and onboard autonomy technologies ensure the safety and resiliency of operations, and apply NASA’s UAS traffic management system (UTM) as a public safety UAS Service Supplier (USS) to access and coordinate use of the airspace by both manned and unmanned operations. The potential benefits of STEReO include: standardized, cross-platform communication means increased interoperability and ease of cooperation/collaboration, increased situation awareness and common operating picture allow for earlier detection and decision making, and scalable to size and complexity of environment, operations, and mission objectives. This flyer gives an overview of the STEReO project, to be used a handout given to atteendees of the ARMD Wildfire Management Workshop.

traffic management↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Comparison of Two Community Noise Models Applied to a NASA Urban Air Mobility Concept Vehicle

Predictions of community noise exposure from a NASA urban air mobility (UAM) concept vehicle have been conducted for representative operations using the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) in order to demonstrate modeling tool interoperability and assess applicability, capabilities and limitations of integrated noise modeling tools. To both quantify limitations and highlight other capabilities, a comparative analysis is performed using a time-domain simulation method, in particular, using the Volpe Advanced Acoustic Model (AAM). Using the same source noise model, the 3D directivity of a UAM concept vehicle is predicted in terms of aeroacoustic pressure time histories at a sphere of observer positions near the vehicle. In addition to distilling those data to a set of noise-power-distance data for input to AEDT, the data are processed preserving spectral directivity, into one-third and one-twelfth octave bands for input to AAM. Results from AEDT and AAM modeling are provided for a variety of metrics to demonstrate the effect that source noise directivity and propagation modeling fidelity have on predicted results at receptors over a study area.

urban air mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

STEReO Combining NASA Technologies and Partnerships to Transform Current-day Emergency Response Operations

STEReO brings together several technologies in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM), Autonomy, Communications, Human Factors, and Domain Expertise & Tools, aimed at providing scalability and flexibility, as well as operational resiliency to dynamic changes during a disaster event. Some of the concepts STEReO explores are: collaborative tools to ingest remote sensing information and distribute a common mission operating picture, apply ad-hoc communication networks to facilitate timely information sharing and communication of changes, vehicle-to-vehicle and onboard autonomy technologies ensure the safety and resiliency of operations, and apply NASA’s UAS traffic management system (UTM) as a public safety UAS Service Supplier (USS) to access and coordinate use of the airspace by both manned and unmanned operations. The potential benefits of STEReO include: standardized, cross-platform communication means increased interoperability and ease of cooperation/collaboration, increased situation awareness and common operating picture allow for earlier detection and decision making, and scalable to size and complexity of environment, operations, and mission objectives. This presentation serves as a status update to the activities within the STEReO project, detailing progress made in the past year, to attendees of the Tactical Fire Remote Sensing Advisory Committee (TFRSAC) spring workshop. Presentation includes two videos which are included as downloadable files, video play time for NASTA_adsb_+_UAS_v2.mp4 1 min 55 secs, for NASTA_eng315_v2.mp4 1 min 34 secs.

emergency response operations↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Enabling Exchange and Adequate Use of Data for Observation Based Atmospheric Research

Systematic long-term field observations have played a vital role in advancing atmospheric research over the past several decades. The use of these observations has expanded from primarily characterizing atmospheric processes and trends to evaluating satellite measurements, assessing models, and improving air quality forecasts. Consequently, the demand for atmospheric chemistry observational data have dramatically increased in terms of scope and coverage of measurements (i.e., parameters/species, spatiotemporal extent). In addition to high quality measurements, certain data reporting standards need to be agreed to ensure the data can be readily exchanged and are sufficiently documented to enable adequate use in different research activities. To this end, WMO has developed and implemented measurement guidelines and community practices for meteorology, climatology, atmospheric and hydrological sciences. In addition, the WMO Expert Team on Metadata Standards manages and evolves the existing metadata standards for the WMO Information System WIS and WMO Integrated Global Observing System WIGOS to support consistent and interoperable data descriptions, ensure relevance to research, and to apply data science principles. This team draws on a wide range of expertise from the research community, including atmospheric measurements, modeling, data management, and data science. The current activities include development of key performance indicators, vocabularies for metadata and the evolution of metadata standards to lower the barrier of application to weather/climate/water/environment data for all communities and the weather enterprise. This presentation intends to promote awareness of ongoing progress and actively solicit community feedback.

Field Observations↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Expanding Biological Repository Data Available for Sharing and Knowledge Discovery

Biology has developed next-generation data science and alternative analytical approaches with methodologies which require principal investigator (PI) experimental assay data be re-used. This new approach involves mining multiple datasets at once from various hierarchical organizations of biological complexity, while concurrently evaluating how experimental factors affect endpoints of standard assays. The purpose of the NASA Ames Life Sciences Data Archive (ALSDA) is to collect, curate, and make findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) all non-human space-relevant biological data. These data include mission metadata, subject metadata, assay metadata (parameters), raw and processed assay data, assay imagery, and subject-experienced telemetry (radiation, temperature, humidity, acoustics, vibrations). ALSDA has transformed to bring current biological repository data and all future collected data into this new scientific data mining reality. It has integrated into the ‘NASA Open Science’ group of projects to facilitate a suite of new tools and workflows to improve data accessibility and reusability by implementing data management plans, automating data submission agreements, and adopting the single-point-of-entry data submission portal, originally developed by NASA GeneLab. These systems required ALSDA to develop science assay configurations for the submission portal, capturing essential assay parameters according to established norms in each sub-field within biology. The submission portal expedites data collection by enhancing ease of PI data submission, providing a user interface and specificity for which data is to be submitted. ALSDA datasets are curated to maintain rich metadata, accuracy of datasets, data transparency, provenance, and additionally ensure data are machine-readable (e.g., R and Python languages). ALSDA integration with GeneLab and its analysis portals enable higher-order physiological-level datasets be mined in conjunction with -omics datasets. As ALSDA physiological-level datasets are published (micro-computed tomography, histology, intraocular pressure, hormonal assays, immunostaining, ultrasonography), the merging of hierarchical organizations of biological complexity from spaceflight will enable new knowledge discovery approaches.

Ryan T Scott↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Trilateral Task Force – Reliability Analysis Supporting Mission Extension/Post Mission Disposal

At the intersection of mission, technology, and place is NASA’s need to modernize for a digital-forward future. Digitalization, the process of moving toward digital business, is occurring everywhere and remains an ongoing process across the federal government.”[1] Whereas, Digital Transformation is “employing digitization/digital technologies (e.g., Artificial Intelligence (AI), mobile, cloud, data) to change a process, product, or capability so dramatically (e.g., real-time, intelligent, personalized, anywhere, anytime) that it is unrecognizable compared to its traditional form.” [2] In order to facilitate a digital transformation it is essential for NASA to understand and identify where data exists today and which data are value-needed in the future, understand where there are unfulfilled data needs that limit the advancement of NASA work, and ensure NASA efficiency through Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) digital assets in the future. Therefore, NASA’s Reliability & Maintainability (R&M) Enterprise Data Sharing team is working to leverage both Digitization and Digital Transformation to achieve their vision of developing an R&M data discovery framework that enables our community, our partners, and our stakeholders with the ability to efficiently, robustly, and seamlessly access information that enables real-time knowledge and model-based, analytics driven, decision-making impacting R&M. As a result the R&M Enterprise Data Sharing team has conducted a survey of its Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA) community members to identify data existence (created or used) and where there are corresponding barriers to data acquisition and/or R&M or other issues as shown within this presentation.

Digital Transformation, Reliability Engineering↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Comparison of Two Community Noise Models Applied to a NASA Urban Air Mobility Concept Vehicle

Predictions of community noise exposure from a NASA urban air mobility (UAM) concept vehicle have been conducted for representative operations using the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) in order to demonstrate modeling tool interoperability and assess applicability, capabilities and limitations of integrated noise modeling tools. To both quantify limitations and highlight other capabilities, a comparative analysis is performed using a time-domain simulation method, in particular, using the Volpe Advanced Acoustic Model (AAM). Using the same source noise model, the 3D directivity of a UAM concept vehicle is predicted in terms of aeroacoustic pressure time histories at a sphere of observer positions near the vehicle. In addition to distilling those data to a set of noise-power-distance data for input to AEDT, the data are processed preserving spectral directivity, into one-third and one-twelfth octave bands for input to AAM. Results from AEDT and AAM modeling are provided for a variety of metrics to demonstrate the effect that source noise directivity and propagation modeling fidelity have on predicted results at receptors over a study area.

urban air mobility↗