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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,171 records · Page 65
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Lightning Climatology Derived from World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) for US East Coast and European North Sea

This dataset contains gridded (1x1 km) data of lightning stroke observations during 2020, 2021, and 2022 over the US East Coast and European North Sea. Data processing involved intersecting each of the ~26 million lightning strokes over the US East Coast and ~365 thousand strokes over the North Sea within a corresponding 1x1 km grid, resulting in each grid reporting a 'strokes per square kilometer' and 'energy per square kilometer'. For the US, these results are presented as annual averages for 2020, 2021, and 2022, while for the North Sea results are presented as a 3-year annual average.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Lightning Climatology Derived from World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) for US East Coast and European North Sea

This dataset contains gridded (1x1 km) data of lightning stroke observations during 2020, 2021, and 2022 over the US East Coast and European North Sea. Data processing involved intersecting each of the ~26 million lightning strokes over the US East Coast and ~365 thousand strokes over the North Sea within a corresponding 1x1 km grid, resulting in each grid reporting a 'strokes per square kilometer' and 'energy per square kilometer'. For the US, these results are presented as annual averages for 2020, 2021, and 2022, while for the North Sea results are presented as a 3-year annual average.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes

The seed protein α-gliadin is a major component of wheat flour and causes gluten-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of this multigene family with a genome structure composed of dozens of copies derived from tandem and genome duplications, little was known about the variation between accessions, and thus little effort has been made to explicitly target α-gliadin for bread wheat breeding. Here, we analyzed genomic variation in α-gliadins across 11 recently published chromosome-scale assemblies of hexaploid wheat, with validation using long-read data. We unexpectedly found that the Gli-B2 locus is not a single contiguous locus but is composed of two subloci, suggesting the possibility of recombination between the two during breeding. We confirmed that the number of immunogenic epitopes among 11 accessions varied. The D subgenome of a European spelt line also contained epitopes, in agreement with its hybridization history. Evolutionary analysis identified amino acid sites under diversifying selection, suggesting their functional importance. The analysis opens the way for improved grain quality and safety through wheat breeding.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Impact of multimode range and location on urban fuel economy on a light-duty spark-ignition based powertrain using vehicle system simulations

Multimode engine operation uses two or more combustion modes to maximize engine efficiency across the operational range of a vehicle to achieve higher overall vehicle fuel economy than is possible with a single combustion mode. More specifically for this study, multimode solutions are explored that make use of boosted SI under high load operation and other advanced combustion modes such as advanced compression ignition (ACI) under part-load conditions to enable additional engine efficiency improvements across a broader range of the engine operating map. ACI combustion has well-documented potential to improve efficiency and emissions under part-load operation but poses challenges that limit full engine speed-load range. This study investigates the potential impact of ACI operational range on simulated fuel economy to help focus research on areas with the most opportunity for improving fuel economy. These simulations make use of a vehicle model, discretized engine data, and employ a systematic exploration of ACI operational range to estimate multimode fuel economy for a mid-size passenger vehicle over U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule. The results of this study highlight operational ranges with the highest potential fuel economy and correspondingly areas of focus for multimode research and ACI engine operation1.

Curran, Scott↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mind the gap – Part 1: Accurately locating warm marine boundary layer clouds and precipitation using spaceborne radars

Abstract. Ground-based radar observations show that, over the eastern North Atlantic, 50 % of warm marine boundary layer (WMBL) hydrometeors occur below 1.2 km and have reflectivities of <-17 dBZ, thus making their detection from space susceptible to the extent of surface clutter and radar sensitivity. Surface clutter limits the ability of the CloudSat cloud profiling radar (CPR) to observe the true cloud base in ~52 % of the cloudy columns it detects and true virga base in ~80 %, meaning the CloudSat CPR often provides an incomplete view of even the clouds it does detect. Using forward simulations, we determine that a 250 m resolution radar would most accurately capture the boundaries of WMBL clouds and precipitation; that being said, because of sensitivity limitations, such a radar would suffer from cloud cover biases similar to those of the CloudSat CPR. Observations and forward simulations indicate that the CloudSat CPR fails to detect 29 %–43 % of the cloudy columns detected by ground-based sensors. Out of all configurations tested, the 7 dB more sensitive EarthCARE CPR performs best (only missing 9.0 % of cloudy columns) indicating that improving radar sensitivity is more important than decreasing the vertical extent of surface clutter for measuring cloud cover. However, because 50 % of WMBL systems are thinner than 400 m, they tend to be artificially stretched by long sensitive radar pulses, hence the EarthCARE CPR overestimation of cloud top height and hydrometeor fraction. Thus, it is recommended that the next generation of space-borne radars targeting WMBL science should operate interlaced pulse modes including both a highly sensitive long-pulse mode and a less sensitive but clutter-limiting short-pulse mode.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗