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At least 1,171 records · Page 65
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in runs 4, 5, and 6 of the muon ${g}-2$ Experiment at Fermilab

The Fermilab E989 Muon $g-2$ experiment measures the muon's anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 127 parts per billion, as reported in June 2025. The value is proportional to the difference between the muon's cyclotron frequency and the spin precession frequency in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, for muons contained within the $g-2$ storage ring. Spin precession frequency is extracted from the time distribution of the muon's decay positrons recorded by 24 electromagnetic calorimeters positioned around the inner circumference of the storage ring. The anomalous precession frequency is one of the primary experimental inputs necessary to estimate the anomalous magnetic moment, the other being the measurement of the magnetic field. This dissertation details the anomalous precession frequency extraction, including reconstruction, time-distribution fitting, and treatment of systematic uncertainties for the final three data-collection runs: Run-4, Run-5, and Run-6. This data represents a fourfold increase in statistics over the previous analysis release, halving the statistical uncertainty. The residual slow term from previous analyses is now well understood and documented in a systematic treatment. As of the writing of this dissertation, the theoretical prediction for the SM estimate of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment is under debate, with two competing prediction methods, so a definitive comparison with theory is not available. The results submitted for experimental release use the kernel-ratio asymmetry method, contributing 115 parts per billion to the statistical uncertainty and 34 parts per billion to the systematic uncertainty. When combined with the previous analyses in earlier data runs, this thereby improves the measurement beyond the experimental goal and sets the world's most precise measurement of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment.

Israel, Scott Nathan [Boston U.]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Single Primary Heat Extraction and Removal Emulator (SPHERE) Long Duration Testing

For the development of heat-pipe cooled microreactors, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the characteristics and functioning of heat pipes across a wide spectrum of operating conditions. Passive heat removal and its long-term performance stability are critical factors in this context. Enhanced experimental data is vital for evaluating the operational lifespan of alkali metal heat pipes. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has successfully conducted an extended duration test on a high-performance sodium-filled heat pipe, closely monitoring the axial temperature profile, power supplied by the heaters, and heat removed by a gas-gap calorimeter. The results from this testing provide valuable data that are instrumental in supporting heat pipe validation efforts. Specifically, this data aids in the development and validation of Sockeye, the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) tool under the US-DOE NEAMS program designed for heat pipe modeling. By comparing experimental results with Sockeye’s predictions, the tool's accuracy and reliability can be assessed and improved, thereby enhancing its capability to simulate heat pipe operations under various conditions.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in Runs 4, 5, and 6 of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab

The Fermilab E989 Muon g − 2 experiment measures the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 127 parts per billion, as reported in June 2025. The value is proportional to the difference between the muon’s cyclotron frequency and the spin precession frequency in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, for muons contained within the g − 2 storage ring. Spin precession frequency is extracted from the time distribution of the muon’s decay positrons recorded by 24 electromagnetic calorimeters positioned around the inner circumference of the storage ring. The anomalous precession frequency is one of the primary experimental inputs necessary to estimate the anomalous magnetic moment, the other being the measurement of the magnetic field. This dissertation details the anomalous precession frequency extraction, including reconstruction, time-distribution fitting, and treatment of systematic uncertainties for the final three data-collection runs: Run-4, Run-5, and Run-6. This data represents a fourfold increase in statistics over the previous analysis release, halving the statistical uncertainty. The residual slow term from previous analyses is now well understood and documented in a systematic treatment. As of the writing of this dissertation, the theoretical prediction for the SM estimate of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment is under debate, with two competing prediction methods, so a definitive comparison with theory is not available. The results submitted for experimental release use the kernel-ratio asymmetry method, contributing 115 parts per billion to the statistical uncertainty and 34 parts per billion to the systematic uncertainty. When combined with the previous analyses in earlier data runs, this thereby improves the measurement beyond the experimental goal and sets the world’s most precise measurement of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment.

Israel, Scott Nathan [Boston U.]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Signal Extraction and Simulations for n -> p^0 y y and n -> p+p-e+e- Decays at the Jefferson Lab Eta Factory

The Jefferson Lab eta Factory (JEF) began acquiring data in early 2025. The experiment aims to give insight into the connection between Dark Matter physics models and the Standard Model by investigating rare decay processes of n and n' mesons. Several other physics motivations are also a key factor in the experiment, such as probing C and/or P violation and aspects of chiral perturbation theory. For these purposes, the forward calorimeter of the GlueX experiment in Jefferson Lab was upgraded so that it provides greater positional and energy resolution. Understanding physics-motivated cuts and background removal methods is of great importance to achieving JEF goals. Several methods have been implemented to obtain invariant mass plots for the “golden” channel of interest ¿ ¿ p0¿¿, while channels such as ¿ ¿ p+p-e+e- open a promising window into CP-violating physics. This thesis work shows a sig nificant background reduction in rare decay channels of interest, asymmetry factors comparable to recent experimental measurements, an evaluation on which analysis cuts to use after data acquisition and the likelihood of probing specific rare ¿ decays. Despite background rejection from obstructing decay channels, much remains to do to extract the p0¿¿ final-state. The asymmetry between the pion and lepton planes looks promising for p+p-e+e-; simulations show that the asymmetry is consistent with zero (no instrumental asymmetry), and the next step should include generators that model the physics of the asymmetry. This thesis work may help in the effort of probing CP-violating physics or solving the mysteries between “beyond-Standard Model” and our current understanding of physics.

Oresic, Stjepan [Univ. of Regina, SK (Canada)]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design and Construction of a High-Resolution Hodoscope for the GlueX Experiment with High-Statistics Analysis of the p0, ¿, and ¿1 Photoproduction Cross Sections from the RadPhi Experiment

Differential cross sections for forward-angle photoproduction of p0, ¿, and ¿ 1 pseudoscalar mesons were measured using data from the RadPhi experiment conducted in Hall B at Jef ferson Lab. RadPhi utilized a tagged bremsstrahlung photon beam incident on a stationary 9Be target, with a detector system configured to trigger on a recoil proton in coincidence with multiple neutral showers in the calorimeter. Events were reconstructed and subjected to kinematic constraints, with background suppressed via sideband subtraction guided by Monte Carlo modeling of background contributions. Cross sections were extracted over the photon energy range 4.4– 5.4 GeV and binned in invariant momentum transfer t, providing measurements from one of the first high-statistics experiments of forward ¿ and ¿1 pro duction from a nuclear target at these energies. Acceptance corrections were applied using a detailed GEANT-based simulation of the detector geometry and response. The resulting cross sections are consistent with 2020 CLAS results, when scaled by the number of protons in beryllium, and show broad agreement with other data and theoretical models. In parallel, a high-resolution photon tagger detector, the Tagger Microscope (TAGM), was designed, constructed, and commissioned for the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The TAGM was developed to provide high-rate tagging capability in the coherent bremsstrahlung peak by detecting post-bremsstrahlung electrons across a one GeV range along the focal plane of the tagging spectrometer. The detector consists of a 5ˆ102 array of 2ˆ2 mm2 square BCF-20 plastic scintillating fibers thermally fused to BCF-98 light guide fibers optically coupled to silicon photomultipliers. These fibers are mounted in a precision machined framework enabling fine positional adjustments to maintain precise alignment with post-bremsstrahlung electron trajectories, while ensuring mechanical rigidity, thermal stability, optical isolation, minimal inactive area, and radiation shielding for electronics. The construction effort involved extensive testing of fiber quality, light transmission, thermal fusing, radiation hardness, and defect analysis using SEM and EDX techniques. Following its installation and commissioning, the TAGM became a critical component of the GlueX beamline, enabling high-rate tagging essential for studies of hybrid mesons and gluonic ex citations.

McIntyre, James [Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT ↗
DOE OSTI2025

COCOA: A compact Compton camera for astrophysical observation of MeV-scale gamma rays

COCOA (COmpact COmpton cAmera) is a next-generation gamma-ray telescope designed for astrophysical observations in the MeV energy range. The detector comprises a scatterer volume employing the LiquidO detection technology and an array of scintillating crystals acting as absorber. Surrounding plastic scintillator panels serve as a veto system for charged particles. The detector's compact, scalable design enables flexible deployment on microsatellites or high-altitude balloons. Gamma rays at MeV energies have not been well explored historically (the so-called "MeV gap") and COCOA has the potential to improve the sensitivity in this energy band.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data

With increasing instantaneous luminosity at the LHC come additional reconstruction challenges. At high luminosity, many collisions occur simultaneously within one proton-proton bunch crossing. The isolation of an interesting collision from the additional “pileup” collisions is needed for effective physics performance. In the CMS Collaboration, several techniques capable of mitigating the impact of these pileup collisions have been developed. Such methods include charged-hadron subtraction, pileup jet identification, isospin-based neutral particle “δβ” correction, and, most recently, pileup per particle identification. This paper surveys the performance of these techniques for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction, as well as muon isolation. The analysis makes use of data corresponding to 35.9 fb−1 collected with the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The performance of each algorithm is discussed for up to 70 simultaneous collisions per bunch crossing. Significant improvements are found in the identification of pileup jets, the jet energy, mass, and angular resolution, missing transverse momentum resolution, and muon isolation when using pileup per particle identification.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Angular dependent measurement of electron-ion recombination in liquid argon for ionization calorimetry in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber

This paper reports on a measurement of electron-ion recombination in liquid argon in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). A clear dependence of recombination on the angle of the ionizing particle track relative to the drift electric field is observed. An ellipsoid modified box (EMB) model of recombination describes the data across all measured angles. These measurements are used for the calorimetric energy scale calibration of the ICARUS TPC, which is also presented. The impact of the EMB model is studied on calorimetric particle identification, as well as muon and proton energy measurements. Accounting for the angular dependence in EMB recombination improves the accuracy and precision of these measurements.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Energy Independence of the Collins Asymmetry in 𝑝 ↑⁢ 𝑝 Collisions

The STAR experiment reports new, high-precision measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries for 𝜋 ± within jets, namely the Collins asymmetries, from transversely polarized 𝑝 ↑⁢ 𝑝 collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV. The energy-scaled distribution of jet transverse momentum, 𝑥 T = 2⁢𝑝 T, jet /$\sqrt{s}$, shows a remarkable consistency for Collins asymmetries of 𝜋 ± in jets between $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and 510 GeV. This indicates that the Collins asymmetries are nearly energy independent, with, at most, a very weak scale dependence in 𝑝 ↑ ⁢𝑝 collisions. These results extend to high-momentum scales (𝑄 2 ≤ 3400 GeV 2 ) and enable unique tests of evolution and universality in the transverse-momentum-dependent formalism, thus providing important constraints for the Collins fragmentation functions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Heating effects on jack pine pyrogenic organic matter properties from a pyrocosm study in 2022

This dataset contains data associated with the preprint “Fire removes preexisting pyrogenic organic matter from the ecosystem through the mechanisms of both direct combustion and increasing mineralizability” (Luo et al., 2025b), which is the complementary study to the published paper “Reburning pyrogenic organic matter: a laboratory method for dosing dynamic heat fluxes from above” (Luo et al., 2025a). We designed a full-factorial experiment with different burial depths of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) (Surface, 1 cm, and 5 cm) and different heat-flux profiles (High, Low, and Control) to examine how subsequent fires affect the properties of preexisting PyOM. We measured total carbon (C), pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and mineralized C (as CO₂-C, from a 12-week incubation).We found that high heat flux and/or surface placement resulted in substantial direct C losses through combustion. Intermediate heat exposure produced both combustion losses and increases in DOC and mineralizability, which may have complex long-term implications: an increased dissolved fraction of PyOM may promote downward transport into mineral soils and potentially contribute to deeper, longer-term C storage, but it may also make PyOM more susceptible to microbial decomposition. Under the lowest heat flux and deepest burial, most PyOM was retained, and changes in DOC and C mineralization were minimal. Finally, PyOM pH, an important chemical property, decreased under low-temperature heating but increased under higher temperatures.We uploaded pH data for all samples (“pH_of_all_samples.csv”); pH and temperature-related data (peak temperature and degree hours) for samples in High and Low heat-flux treatments (“pH_vs_peakT_and_degree_hours_only_for_heated_samples.csv”); total C data (“CN_pct_C_stock_C_loss_in_samples.csv”); DOC and DIC data (“doc_dic.csv”); and mineralized C (CO₂-C) data (“CO2-C_all_original.csv”). Additional details can be found in the Methods & Sampling section.All datasets uploaded to ESS-DIVE are clearly labeled, cleaned, and include both raw and derived data, ready for reuse in other analyses. All analysis code and raw datasets are also available on GitHub: https://github.com/MengmengLuo/Fire-removes-preexisting-pyrogenic-organic-matter-from-the-ecosystem.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Self-absorption and Phonon Pulse Shape Discrimination in Scintillating Bolometers

In this work, we show that self-absorption of photons in scintillating bolometers can differentiate phonon pulse shapes between α (or nuclear recoil) and β/γ signals. This enables phonon pulse shape discrimination for particle identification. We establish a detector signal model that includes self-absorption and compare the simulated phonon pulse shapes with previously reported experimental results. The model predicts increase in pulse shape difference at higher self-absorption. Based on this result, we propose a new design of scintillating bolometers using 4π light reflectors for maximized self-absorption and only a single phonon readout, instead of light detectors that are typically employed for particle discrimination in scintillating bolometers.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

The CUORE Detector and Results

The cryogenic underground observatory for rare events (CUORE) is a cryogenic experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 130 Te. The detector consists of an array of 988TeO 2 crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. We report the CUORE initial operations and optimization campaigns. We then present the CUORE results on 0νββ and 2νββ decay of 130 Te obtained from the analysis of the physics data acquired in 2017.

0vββ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Latest Results from the CUORE Experiment

Abstract The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first cryogenic experiment searching for $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay that has been able to reach the one-tonne mass scale. The detector, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, consists of an array of 988 $${\mathrm{TeO}}_{2}$$ TeO 2 crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. CUORE began its first physics data run in 2017 at a base temperature of about 10 mK and in April 2021 released its $$3{\mathrm{rd}}$$ 3 rd result of the search for $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β , corresponding to a tonne-year of $$\mathrm{TeO}_{2}$$ TeO 2 exposure. This is the largest amount of data ever acquired with a solid state detector and the most sensitive measurement of $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay in $${}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$$ 130 Te ever conducted . We present the current status of CUORE search for $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β with the updated statistics of one tonne-yr. We finally give an update of the CUORE background model and the measurement of the $${}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$$ 130 Te $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay half-life and decay to excited states of $${}^{130}\mathrm{Xe}$$ 130 Xe , studies performed using an exposure of 300.7 kg yr.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Properties of Low Tc AlMn TES

Low Tc AlMn transition-edge sensors (TESs) have been developed as sensitive thermometers for the Q-Array, which will use superconducting targets to measure the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering spectrum in the RICOCHET experiment. The TESs are made of manganese-doped aluminum with a titanium and gold antioxidation layer. A prototype TES thermometer consists of two TESs in parallel, an input gold pad in metallic contact with the TESs and an output gold pad and gold thermal link meanders, which are each designed to control the flow of heat through the TESs. We have fabricated and measured low TC AlMn TES chips with or without thermal flow control structures. We present TC measurements of the TESs after the initial fabrication and further TC tuning by re-heating and summarize the thermal property studies of the prototype TES thermometer by measuring I-V curves and complex impedance.

Coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering, Cryo↗
DOE OSTI2024

Advanced Energy Scale Correction Techniques for the X-ray Transition Edge Sensors of the Athena mission

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) onboard the future European X-ray telescope Athena will be the first space instrument carrying an array of more than a thousand transition edge sensors. One of the key challenges of the X-IFU is the measurement of narrow X-ray atomic lines to determine velocity shifts at an unprecedented level of accuracy. For this reason, the energy scale of the instrument needs to be known with extreme accuracy, of 0.4 eV (1σ) up to 7 keV. The energy scale will be measured on the ground through a dedicated calibration campaign using fiducial X-ray sources. Though calibrated, the energy scale is extremely sensitive to the environmental conditions around the TES array, and drifts in the readout chain electronics. Uncorrected, the energy scale can naturally drift up to hundreds of eVs. Changes of the TES gain will be monitored via onboard X-ray calibration sources, and the energy scale will be corrected either per pixel, or within a small groups of pixels. Although simulations show that a 0.4 eV level can be achieved, the very high accuracy required by the X-IFU calls for experimental validation. A dedicated measurement campaign has been performed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to characterize the energy scale of a prototype kilo-pixel array of X-IFU-representative TESs. The analysis of the data demonstrated the ability to correct for various drifts using two fiducial lines to track the temporal gain variation. In this paper, we propose to extend this study on the same data set by investigating multi-parameter correction techniques based on both the pulse-height of the fiducial line and the prepulse baseline level, using the knowledge of the TES energy scale at reference temperature/magnetic field set points acquired on the ground. Investigations on the co-adding of pixels to perform a joint correction over pools of pixels is also explored.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

N-Silylated Benzothiazolium Dye as a Coupling Agent for Polylactic Acid/Date Palm Fiber Bio-composites

This work proposes a benzothiazole derivative bearing a silane moiety as a new coupling agent for polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced by date palm fibers (DPFs). The bio-composites are prepared by solution blending followed by melt compounding. From the samples produced, a complete characterization is performed including morphological, mechanical and thermal properties as a function of fiber content. The results show that the proposed fiber treatment is an easy and effective method to improve the interfacial properties and fiber dispersion leading to better material performance. For example, the addition of only 1 wt% of the dye–IPTMS to the bleached DPF not only improved the thermal stability of the biocomposites, but also led to a significant increase of the Young’s modulus at 7 wt% and higher torsion modulus up to 5 wt% (optimum value).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Single electron–hole pair sensitive silicon detector with surface event discrimination

Here, we demonstrate single electron-hole pair resolution in a single-sided, contact-free 1 cm$^2$ by 1 mm thick Si crystal operated at 48 mK, with a baseline energy resolution of 3 eV. This crystal can be operated at voltages in excess of $\pm50$ V, resulting in a measured charge resolution of 0.06 electron-hole pairs. The high aluminum coverage ($\sim$70%) of this device allows for the discrimination of surface events and separation of events occurring near the center of the detector from those near the edge. We use this discrimination ability to show that dark events seen in previous detectors of a similar design are likely dominated by charge leakage along the side wall of the device. We saw only a small reduction in dark event rate with this biasing scheme, further suggesting that sidewall and edge-dominated processes are responsible for the majority of these events.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗