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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

BOS Gas Detection Pipeline (Integrated System for Optical Hydrogen Detection Using Background Oriented Schlieren and Machine Learning) [SWR-26-007]

This software is the world's first integrated background oriented schlieren and machine learning-based leak detection system. The system provides real time visualization of gas leaks and machine learning interpenetration of leak severity. The software is supplemented by SWR-25-177, "gpu_piv (Graphics Processing Unit Accelerated Background Oriented Schlieren Algorithm", also developed by the National Laboratory of the Rockies. SEE DOECODE ID 182832.

Palin, Ian [National Laboratory of the Rockies (NL↗
DOE OSTI2019

Diagnostics and Models for Birthing Stress

Understanding the stress development in fluids as they transition to solids is not well-understood. Computational models are needed to represent "birthing stress" for multiphysics applications such as polymer encapsulation around sensitive electronics and additive manufacturing where these stresses can lead to defects such as cracking and voids. The local stress state is also critical to understand and predict the net shape of parts formed in the liquid phase. In this one-year exploratory LDRD, we have worked towards a novel experimental diagnostic to measure the fluid rheology, degree of solidification, and the solid stress development simultaneously. We debugged and made viable a "first-generation" Rheo-Raman system and used it to characterize two types of solidifying systems: paraffin wax, which crystalizes as it solidifies, and thermoset polymers, which form a network of covalent bonds. We used the paraffin wax as a model system to perform flow visualization studies and did some preliminary modeling of the experiment, to demonstrate the inadequacy of the current modeling approaches. This work will inform an advanced fluid constitutive equation that includes a yield stress, temperature dependence, and an evolving viscosity when we pursue the full proposal, which was funded for FY20.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

ECP ST Capability Assessment Report (CAR) for VTK-m (FY20)

The ECP/VTK-m project is providing the core capabilities to perform scientific visualization on Exascale architectures. The ECP/VTK-m project fills the critical feature gap of performing visualization and analysis on processors like graphics-based processors. The results of this project will be delivered in tools like ParaView, Vislt, and Ascent as well as in stand-alone form. Moreover, these projects are depending on this ECP effort to be able to make effective use of ECP architectures. One of the biggest recent changes in high-performance computing is the increasing use of accelerators. Accelerators contain processing cores that independently are inferior to a core in a typical CPU, but these cores are replicated and grouped such that their aggregate execution provides a very high computation rate at a much lower power. Current and future CPU processors also require much more explicit parallelism. Each successive version of the hardware packs more cores into each processor, and technologies like hyper threading and vector operations require even more parallel processing to leverage each core's full potential. VTK-m is a toolkit of scientific visualization algorithms for emerging processor architectures. VTK-m supports the fine-grained concurrency for data analysis and visualization algorithms required to drive extreme scale computing by providing abstract models for data and execution that can be applied to a variety of algorithms across many different processor architectures. The ECP/VTK-m project is building up the VTK-m codebase with the necessary visualization algorithm implementations that run across the varied hardware platforms to be leveraged at the Exascale. We will be working with other ECP projects, such as ALPINE, to integrate the new VTK-m code into production software to enable visualization on our HPC systems.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

HFTS-1 Natural Joint Data and Engineering Summary

This report provides an analysis of engineering and geologic data collected from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site #1 (HTSF-1) project in the southern Midland Basin, Reagan County, Texas. The site is being studied as part of the Science-informed Machine Learning for Accelerating Real-Time Decisions in Subsurface Applications (SMART) Initiative at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The data collected is intended to provide a basis of understanding of the site and to construct simulation models. This report provides a summary analysis of the engineering and geologic data collected from the project to provide a basis of understanding of the site and to construct simulation models. The report examines various possible correlations in engineering properties based on natural fracture data from the program, which consisted of 11 horizontal wells, one vertical well, and one slant well. The horizontal wells are in two horizons: 1) Upper and 2) Middle Wolfcamp formations. Program data include: fracture frequency and fracture orientation data from four core runs in a slant well; fracture spacing and orientation from a vertical pilot well; laboratory triaxial testing and mineralogical determinations; and porosity results from magnetic resonance analyses from various wells, together with observations based on the data collection. In addition, available references were reviewed on the site for additional insights. As the focus of the report is on the natural system, hydraulic fracture data from the site were not examined in detail in this report. Data variability is the chief observation in examination of the database. Fracture frequency in the slant well can range from sections with values as high as five fractures per ft to sections up to 100+ ft in length with no natural observed fractures. Fracture spacing across is typically less than 10 ft, but can range up to hundreds of feet. Apparent fracturing shows the trends in two predominate orientations, E-SW and WNW-ESE, but minor variations exist. The rock units vary across the site from siliceous mudstones to calcareous mudstones, showing a general layering with depth. The laboratory properties such as strength and modulus show no apparent trend with depth, but appear to correlate with rock mineralogy with high strength and modulus values where calcium content is high. In addition, an attempt to examine variability and mineralogy on a larger scale was made using a color-coded system based on gamma ray measurements. A staged colored approach was adopted, presuming that lower gamma ray values indicate higher value of calcium content (blue scale) and that higher gamma ray values indicate higher clay mineral content (orange scale). As provided in report appendices, the system correlated well with visual examination of the slant core and the petrofabric analyses of the vertical pilot well. The results showed large variability in mineral content along the horizontal plane across the site. The change in mineral content was also rapid, on a scale less than that of the average hydraulic fracture stage length of about 180 ft.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sharing of Good Practices and Lessons Learned [Slides]

This presentation shares good practices and lessons that were learned. Particularly highlighted is the Learning from Experience Database (LFE). Provided are additional slides walking through a visual representation of this system.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Discriminative analysis of schizophrenia patients using graph convolutional networks: A combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis

Introduction Recent studies in human brain connectomics with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have widely reported abnormalities in brain structure, function and connectivity associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, most previous discriminative studies of SZ patients were based on MRI features of brain regions, ignoring the complex relationships within brain networks. Methods We applied a graph convolutional network (GCN) to discriminating SZ patients using the features of brain region and connectivity derived from a combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 140 SZ patients and 205 normal controls. Eighteen types of brain graphs were constructed for each subject using 3 types of node features, 3 types of edge features, and 2 brain atlases. We investigated the performance of 18 brain graphs and used the TopK pooling layers to highlight salient brain regions (nodes in the graph). Results The GCN model, which used functional connectivity as edge features and multimodal features (sMRI + fMRI) of brain regions as node features, obtained the highest average accuracy of 95.8%, and outperformed other existing classification studies in SZ patients. In the explainability analysis, we reported that the top 10 salient brain regions, predominantly distributed in the prefrontal and occipital cortices, were mainly involved in the systems of emotion and visual processing. Discussion Our findings demonstrated that GCN with a combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis can effectively improve the classification of SZ at an individual level, indicating a promising direction for the diagnosis of SZ patients. The code is available at https://github.com/CXY-scut/GCN-SZ.git .

Chen, Xiaoyi↗
NASA NTRS1975

AMPS definition study on Optical Band Imager and Photometer System (OBIPS)

A study was conducted to define the characteristics of a modular optical diagnostic system (OBIPS) for AMPS, to provide input to Phase B studies, and to give information useful for experiment planning and design of other instrumentation. The system described consists of visual and UV-band imagers and visual and UV-band photometers; of these the imagers are most important because of their ability to measure intensity as a function of two spatial dimensions and time with high resolution. The various subsystems of OBIPS are in themselves modular with modules having a high degree of interchangeability for versatility, economy, and redundancy.

Davis, T. N.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Skylab simulator visual displays and training for joint observing programs

The complexity of the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) experiment operations necessitated the use of high fidelity simulations of the onboard visual displays and pointing system for crew training. The displays which were simulated included the H-alpha displays, XUV monitor display, XUV/slit/white light display, X-ray image display, and the white light coronagraph display. The pointing simulation was achieved by projecting film sequences which were subsequently viewed by TV cameras. An optical system in front of the vidicons simulated the pointing, roll, and zoom capabilities of the ATM and sensing systems. The simulation enabled the Skylab crewmen to obtain valuable integrated training combining such tasks as target recognition and status assessment, complex and the time dependent pointing operations, malfunction analyses, and rapid responses to flare and other transient events.

Holt, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Flight simulation - A vital and expanding technology in aircraft development

Flight simulation, both ground and in-flight, is experiencing major technological improvement and growth. The increased capabilities are providing new opportunities for support of the aircraft development process. The development of faster digital computers, improved visual displays, better motion systems and increased interest in simulation fidelity has improved the ground simulator to the point where it accomplishes a major portion of the aircraft development before work on the flight article begins. The efficiency of the ground simulator as a forecaster for the flight testing phase is becoming well established. In-flight simulation is properly being used to bridge the gap between the ground simulator and the flight test article. Simulation provides the vital link between analysis, aerodynamic tests, and subsystem tests and the flight test article. This paper describes the latest advances in flight simulation and its increasing role in the aircraft development process.

Reynolds, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The 1980 summer research fellowship program

The problem of incorporating visual input into robot systems is described. The photochemistry of the stratosphere, particularly possible permutations of the ozone layer, is discussed. Photoelectrochemical properties of metal thio-hypodiphosphates are investigated. Extreme eigenvalues are computed by the Lancqos approach. The rotational Raman spectra of the molecular atmosphere is studied. A computer operated mathematical symbolic manipulation system is described. Preparation of polycrystalline semiconductor electrodes of tungsten and molybdenum dichalcogenides is received.

Darden, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Accuracy of System Step Response Roll Magnitude Estimation from Central and Peripheral Visual Displays and Simulator Cockpit Motion

An experiment to investigate visual roll attitude and roll rate perception is described. The experiment was also designed to assess the improvements of perception due to cockpit motion. After the onset of the motion, subjects were to make accurate and quick estimates of the final magnitude of the roll angle step response by pressing the appropriate button of a keyboard device. The differing time-histories of roll angle, roll rate and roll acceleration caused by a step response stimulate the different perception processes related the central visual field, peripheral visual field and vestibular organs in different, yet exactly known ways. Experiments with either of the visual displays or cockpit motion and some combinations of these were run to asses the roles of the different perception processes. Results show that the differences in response time are much more pronounced than the differences in perception accuracy.

Hosman, R. J. A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Seeding techniques used in the Vortex Research Facility

For many years, the Vortex Research Facility used kerosene vapor as seeding particles. The kerosene vapor formed (approx. 1 micron) particles initially. After injection into the test section, the vapor would begin to condense and form larger particles. By switching to solid particles, this has been eliminated. The uniform-sized (approx. 1 micron) solid particle seeding is used both to seed the Laser Velocimeter system and for flow visualization. After injection, the solid particles reach a uniform suspension before the vehicle is launched. It is found that the kerosene vapor poses a problem because it is a heated gas which modified the test section temperature distribution. It also produces high turbulence and secondary air currents because it was continually injected from the time of vehicle launch until model passage. In cases where the effects of either turbulence or the vertical temperature distribution are of interest, this hot gas injection method is unsuitable. Both types of seeding particles provide adequate flow visualization but are sensitive to vertical temperature distributions.

Satran, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Preparation for microgravity - The role of the Microgravity Material Science Laboratory

Experiments at the NASA Lewis Research Center's Microgravity Material Science Laboratory using physical and mathematical models to delineate the effects of gravity on processes of scientific and commercial interest are discussed. Where possible, transparent model systems are used to visually track convection, settling, crystal growth, phase separation, agglomeration, vapor transport, diffusive flow, and polymer reactions. Materials studied include metals, alloys, salts, glasses, ceramics, and polymers. Specific technologies discussed include the General Purpose furnace used in the study of metals and crystal growth, the isothermal dendrite growth apparatus, the electromagnetic levitator/instrumented drop tube, the high temperature directional solidification furnace, the ceramics and polymer laboratories and the center's computing facilities.

Johnston, J. Christopher↗
NASA NTRS1990

Phase compatibilities of YBa2Cu3O(9-delta) type structure in quintenary systems Y-Ba-Cu-O-X (impurity)

Electrical transport properties of the oxidic high T(sub c) superconductors are significantly affected by the presence of minor amounts of various elements adventing as impurities, e.g., from the chemical environment during manufacturing. YBa2Cu3O(9-delta) is prone to an extinction of the superconductivity on (partial) substitution of all four elemental components. E.g., Pr (for Y), La (for Ba), Zn (for Cu) or peroxygroup (for O) substituents will alter some of the superconductivity preconditions, like mixed valence state in Cu3O7/O(9-delta) network or structural distortion of the network. Although various pseudoternary chemical equilibrium phase diagrams of the Y(O)-Ba(O)-Cu(O) system now are available, no consensus is generally shown, however, this is partly due to lack of compatible definitions of the equilibrium conditions. Less information is available about the phase compatibilities in the appropriate quaternary phase diagram (including oxygen) and virtually no information exists about any pentenary phase diagrams (including one impurity). Unfortunately, complexity of such systems, stemming both from number of quaternary or pentenary compounds and from visualizing the five-component phase system, limits this presentation to more or less close surroundings of the YBa2Cu3O(9-delta) type phase in appropriate pseudoquaternary or pseudopseudoternary diagrams, involving Y-Ba-Cu and O, O-CO2, alkaline metals, Mg and alkaline earths, and Sc and most of the 3-d and 4-f elements. The systems were investigated by means of x ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and chemical analytical methods on samples prepared by sol-gel technique from citrates. The superconductivity was characterized by measuring the diamagnetic susceptibility by SQUID.

Karen, P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The DELTA MONSTER: An RPV designed to investigate the aerodynamics of a delta wing platform

The mission requirements for the performance of aerodynamic tests on a delta wind planform posed some problems, these include aerodynamic interference; structural support; data acquisition and transmission instrumentation; aircraft stability and control; and propulsion implementation. To eliminate the problems of wall interference, free stream turbulence, and the difficulty of achieving dynamic similarity between the test and actual flight aircraft that are associated with aerodynamic testing in wind tunnels, the concept of the remotely piloted vehicle which can perform a basic aerodynamic study on a delta wing was the main objective for the Green Mission - the Delta Monster. The basic aerodynamic studies were performed on a delta wing with a sweep angle greater than 45 degrees. These tests were performed at various angles of attack and Reynolds numbers. The delta wing was instrumented to determine the primary leading edge vortex formation and location, using pressure measurements and/or flow visualization. A data acquisition system was provided to collect all necessary data.

Connolly, Kristen↗
NASA NTRS1989

Design and development of a facility for compressible dynamic stall studies of a rapidly pitching airfoil

A facility for the study of dynamic stall of an airfoil undergoing a transient ramp-type pitching motion is described. The facility can produce pitch rates of 3600 deg/sec to an angle of attack of 60 deg by using a specially designed hydraulic drive with feedback control. The ramp motion generator can also generate arbitrary motion of the airfoil and thus can simulate an arbitrary aircraft maneuver. A unique airfoil support system allows unobstructed flow visualization including the complete airfoil contour, thus permitting the use of nonintrusive optical diagnostic methods for flow measurement close to the surface as well as simultaneous far-field measurements. Schlieren pictures obtained during the study reveal the instantaneous density gradients associated with dynamic stall, even under conditions of very low Mach numbers.

Chandrasekhara, M. S.↗