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At least 1,153 records · Page 64
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Edible mycelium bioengineered for enhanced nutritional value and sensory appeal using a modular synthetic biology toolkit

Filamentous fungi are critical in the transition to a more sustainable food system. While genetic modification of these organisms has promise for enhancing the nutritional value, sensory appeal, and scalability of fungal foods, genetic tools and demonstrated use cases for bioengineered food production by edible strains are lacking. Here, we develop a modular synthetic biology toolkit for Aspergillus oryzae, an edible fungus used in fermented foods, protein production, and meat alternatives. Our toolkit includes a CRISPR-Cas9 method for gene integration, neutral loci, and tunable promoters. We use these tools to elevate intracellular levels of the nutraceutical ergothioneine and the flavor-and color molecule heme in the edible biomass. The strain overproducing heme is red in color and is readily formulated into imitation meat patties with minimal processing. These findings highlight the promise of synthetic biology to enhance fungal foods and provide useful genetic tools for applications in food production and beyond.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

The value of long-duration energy storage under various grid conditions in a zero-emissions future

Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is a key resource in enabling zero-emissions electricity grids but its role within different types of grids is not well understood. Using the Switch capacity expansion model, we model a zero-emissions Western Interconnect with high geographical resolution to understand the value of LDES under 39 scenarios with different generation mixes, transmission expansion, storage costs, and storage mandates. We find that a) LDES is particularly valuable in majority wind-powered regions and regions with diminishing hydropower generation, b) seasonal operation of storage becomes cost-effective if storage capital costs fall below US$\$$5 kWh −1 , and c) mandating the installation of enough LDES to enable year-long storage cycles would reduce electricity prices during times of high demand by over 70%. Given the asset and resource diversity of the Western Interconnect, our results can provide grid planners in many regions with guidance on how LDES impacts and is impacted by energy storage mandates, investments in LDES research and development, and generation mix and transmission expansion decisions.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatially distributed atmospheric boundary layer properties in Houston – A value-added observational dataset

Abstract In 2022, Houston, TX became a nexus for field campaigns aiming to further our understanding of the feedbacks between convective clouds, aerosols and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) properties. Houston’s proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay motivated the collection of spatially distributed observations to disentangle coastal and urban processes. This paper presents a value-added ABL dataset derived from observations collected by eight research teams over 46 days between 2 June - 18 September 2022. The dataset spans 14 sites distributed within a ~80-km radius around Houston. Measurements from three types of instruments are analyzed to objectively provide estimates of nine ABL parameters, both thermodynamic (potential temperature, and relative humidity profiles and thermodynamic ABL depth) and dynamic (horizontal wind speed and direction, mean vertical velocity, updraft and downdraft speed profiles, and dynamical ABL depth). Contextual information about cloud occurrence is also provided. The dataset is prepared on a uniform time-height grid of 1 h and 30 m resolution to facilitate its use as a benchmark for forthcoming numerical simulations and the fundamental study of atmospheric processes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Chapter 17: Adding Value to the Biorefinery with Lignin: An Engineer's Perspective

There is a long-standing belief that 'you can make anything out of lignin...except money.' This chapter serves to highlight that opportunities for making money from biomass-derived lignin exist both with current technology in the production of steam and power to new emerging areas of R&D focused on value-added chemical and material coproducts from lignin. To understand and quantify the economic potential for lignin valorization, the techno-economic analysis methodology is first described in detail. As demonstrated in the provided case study, these types of economic evaluations serve not only to estimate the economic impacts that lignin conversion could have for an integrated biorefinery and outline drivers for further cost reduction but also identify data gaps and R&D needs for improving the design basis and reducing the risk for process scale-up.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Record figure of merit values of highly stoichiometric Sb 2 Te 3 porous bulk synthesized from tailor-made molecular precursors in ionic liquids

We report on the synthesis of Sb 2 Te 3 nanoparticles with record-high figure of merit values of up to 1.5. The central thermoelectric parameters, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, were independently optimized. Critical influence of porosity for the fabrication of highly efficient thermoelectric materials is firstly demonstrated, giving a strong guidance for the optimization of other thermoelectric materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Demonstration of Parallel Algal Processing: Production of Renewable Diesel Blendstock and a High-Value Chemical Intermediate

Co-production of high-value chemicals such as succinic acid from algal sugars is a promising route to enabling conversion of algal lipids to a renewable diesel blendstock. Biomass from the green alga Scenedesmus acutus was acid pretreated and the resulting slurry separated into its solid and liquor components using charged polyamide induced flocculation and vacuum filtration. Over the course of a subsequent 756 hours continuous fermentation of the algal liquor with Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z, we achieved maximum productivity, process conversion yield, and titer of 1.1 g L-1 h-1, 0.7 g g-1 total sugars, and 30.5 g L-1 respectively. Succinic acid was recovered from fermentation media with a yield of 60% at 98.4% purity while lipids were recovered from the flocculated cake at 83% yield with subsequent conversion through deoxygenation and hydroisomerization to a renewable diesel blendstock. This work is a first-of-its-kind demonstration of a novel integrated conversion process for algal biomass to produce fuel and chemical products of sufficient quality to be blend-ready feedstocks for further processing.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Detecting differential protein abundance by combining peptide level P -values

The majority of methods for detecting differentially abundant proteins between samples in label-free LC-MS bottom-up proteomics experiments rely on statistically testing inferred protein abundances derived from peptide ionization intensities or averaging peptide level statistics. Here in this paper, we statistically test peptide ionization intensities directly and combine the resulting dependent P-values using the Empirical Brown's Method (EBM), avoiding error introduced through the estimation of protein abundances or summarizing test statistics. We show that on a spike-in proteomics dataset, a peptide level approach using EBM outperforms differential abundance detection using a protein level approach and several analysis workflows, including MSstats. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by detecting enriched proteins from an activity-based protein profiling dataset.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Dissociative electron attachment to 5-bromo-uracil: non-adiabatic dynamics on complex-valued potential energy surfaces

Electron induced dissociation reactions are relevant to many fields, ranging from prebiotic chemistry to cancer treatments. However, the simulation of dissociation electron attachment (DEA) dynamics is very challenging because the auto-ionization widths of the transient negative ions must be accounted for. We propose an adaptation of the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method for complex-valued potential energy surfaces, along the lines of recent developments based on surface hopping dynamics. Our approach combines models for the energy dependence of the auto-ionization widths, obtained from scattering calculations, with survival probabilities computed for the trajectory basis functions employed in the AIMS dynamics. The method is applied to simulate the DEA dynamics of 5-bromouracil in full dimensionality, i.e., taking all the vibrational modes into consideration. The propagation starts on the $π_{2}^{*}$ resonance state and describes the formation of Br - anions mediated by non-adiabatic couplings. The potential energies, gradients and non-adiabatic couplings were computed with the fractional-occupancy molecular orbital complete-active-space configuration-interaction method, and the calculated DEA cross section are consistent with the observed DEA intensities.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Design of a Distributed Key-Value Store for Petascale Hot Storage in Data Acquisition Systems

Data acquisition systems for high energy physics experiments readout terabytes of data per second from a large number of electronic components. They are thus inherently distributed systems and require fast online data selection, otherwise requirements for permanent storage would be enormous. Still, incoming data need to be buffered while waiting for this selection to happen. Each minute of an experiment can produce hundreds of terabytes that cannot be lost before a selection decision is made. In this context, we present the design of DAQDB (Data Acquisition Database) - a distributed key-value store for high-bandwidth, generic data storage in event-driven systems. DAQDB offers not only high-capacity and low-latency buffer for fast data selection, but also opens a new approach in high-bandwidth data acquisition by decoupling the lifetime of the data analysis processes from the changing event rate due to the duty cycle of the data source. This is achievable by the option to extend its capacity even up to hundreds of petabytes to store hours of an experiment’s data. Our initial performance evaluation shows that DAQDB is a promising alternative to generic database solutions for the high luminosity upgrades of the LHC at CERN.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Let’s get our hands dirty: a comprehensive evaluation of DAQDB, key-value store for petascale hot storage

Data acquisition systems are a key component for successful data taking in any experiment. The DAQ is a complex distributed computing system and coordinates all operations, from the data selection stage of interesting events to storage elements. For the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the experiments at CERN need to meet challenging requirements to record data with a much higher occupancy in the detectors. The DAQ system will receive and deliver data with a significantly increased trigger rate, one million events per second, and capacity, terabytes of data per second. An effective way to meet these requirements is to decouple real-time data acquisition from event selection. Data fragments can be temporarily stored in a large distributed key-value store. Fragments belonging to the same event can be then queried on demand, by the data selection processes. Implementing such a model relies on a proper combination of emerging technologies, such as persistent memory, NVMe SSDs, scalable networking, and data structures, as well as high performance, scalable software. In this paper, we present DAQDB (Data Acquisition Database) — an open source implementation of this design that was presented earlier, with an extensive evaluation of this approach, from the single node to the distributed performance. Furthermore, we complement our study with a description of the challenges faced and the lessons learned while integrating DAQDB with the existing software framework of the ATLAS experiment.

Abed Abud, Adam↗
DOE OSTI2011

Value of Probabilistic Weather Forecasts: Assessment by Real-Time Optimization of Irrigation Scheduling

This paper presents a modeling framework for real-time decision support for irrigation scheduling using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) probabilistic rainfall forecasts. The forecasts and their probability distributions are incorporated into a simulation-optimization modeling framework. In this study, modeling irrigation is determined by a stochastic optimization program based on the simulated soil moisture and crop water-stress status and the forecasted rainfall for the next 1-7 days. The modeling framework is applied to irrigated corn in Mason County, Illinois. It is found that there is ample potential to improve current farmers practices by simply using the proposed simulation-optimization framework, which uses the present soil moisture and crop evapotranspiration information even without any forecasts. It is found that the values of the forecasts vary across dry, normal, and wet years. More significant economic gains are found in normal and wet years than in dry years under the various forecast horizons. To mitigate drought effect on crop yield through irrigation, medium- or long-term climate predictions likely play a more important role than short-term forecasts. NOAA's imperfect 1-week forecast is still valuable in terms of both profit gain and water saving. Compared with the no-rain forecast case, the short-term imperfect forecasts could lead to additional 2.4-8.5% gain in profit and 11.0-26.9% water saving. However, the performance of the imperfect forecast is only slightly better than the ensemble weather forecast based on historical data and slightly inferior to the perfect forecast. It seems that the 1-week forecast horizon is too limited to evaluate the role of the various forecast scenarios for irrigation scheduling, which is actually a seasonal decision issue. For irrigation scheduling, both the forecast quality and the length of forecast time horizon matter. Thus, longer forecasts might be necessary to evaluate the role of forecasts for irrigation scheduling in a more effective way.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

Quantum correlations and dynamics from classical random fields valued in complex Hilbert spaces

One of the crucial differences between mathematical models of classical and quantum mechanics (QM) is the use of the tensor product of the state spaces of subsystems as the state space of the corresponding composite system. (To describe an ensemble of classical composite systems, one uses random variables taking values in the Cartesian product of the state spaces of subsystems.) We show that, nevertheless, it is possible to establish a natural correspondence between the classical and the quantum probabilistic descriptions of composite systems. Quantum averages for composite systems (including entangled) can be represented as averages with respect to classical random fields. It is essentially what Albert Einstein dreamed of. QM is represented as classical statistical mechanics with infinite-dimensional phase space. While the mathematical construction is completely rigorous, its physical interpretation is a complicated problem. We present the basic physical interpretation of prequantum classical statistical field theory in Sec. II. However, this is only the first step toward real physical theory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Magnetically insulated baffled probe for real-time monitoring of equilibrium and fluctuating values of space potentials, electron and ion temperatures, and densities

By restricting the electron-collection area of a cold Langmuir probe compared to the ion-collection area, the probe floating potential can become equal to the space potential, and thus conveniently monitored, rather than to a value shifted from the space potential by an electron-temperature-dependent offset, i.e., the case with an equal-collection-area probe. This design goal is achieved by combining an ambient magnetic field in the plasma with baffles, or shields, on the probe, resulting in species-selective magnetic insulation of the probe collection area. This permits the elimination of electron current to the probe by further adjustment of magnetic insulation which results in an ion-temperature-dependent offset when the probe is electrically floating. Subtracting the floating potential of two magnetically insulated baffled probes, each with a different degree of magnetic insulation, enables the electron or ion temperature to be measured in real time.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2010

Determination of the minimum value of the safety factor from geodesic Alfven eigenmodes in Joint European Torus

An analysis of the experimental conditions under which low-frequency (70-150 kHz) Alfven eigenmodes (AE) are excited during the monster sawtooth in Joint European Torus [F. Romanelli et al., Proceedings of the 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008] is presented for the specific case of a discharge with ion cyclotron heating (5 MW). Using a simplified AE model for modes excited at the Alfven wave continuum maximum with geodesic corrections taken into account, the temporal evolution of the value of the safety factor q{sub 0} at the magnetic axis is determined. We describe a new scheme to determine the time variation of q{sub 0} that works under conditions in which other standard diagnostics, such as the motional Stark effect do not give reliable results such as during a monster sawtooth.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Initial value representation for the SU(n) semiclassical propagator

The semiclassical propagator in the representation of SU(n) coherent states is characterized by isolated classical trajectories subjected to boundary conditions in a doubled phase space. In this paper, we recast this expression in terms of an integral over a set of initial-valued trajectories. These trajectories are monitored by a filter that collects only the appropriate contributions to the semiclassical approximation. This framework is suitable for the study of bosonic dynamics in n modes with fixed total number of particles. We exemplify the method for a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a triple-well potential, providing a detailed discussion on the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗