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At least 1,153 records · Page 64

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2021

AMS / BARC Joint Survey Addendum Technical Report

This report details the data analysis results from data collected during the September-October 2019 joint survey series between the Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Aerial Measuring System (AMS) asset, and the Government of India’s Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). This joint survey series took place at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), areas of public land in Southern Nevada, and at the DOE Office of Legacy Management (LM) Large Area Calibration Pads (LACP) at the Grand Junction Regional Airport in Grand Junction, CO. The data detailed in this report were gathered at the LACP. More details regarding the setup of these surveys and personnel involvement can be found in the AMS / BARC Joint Survey Summary Report. The data from the LACP collected by AMS are consistent with past data collection campaigns at the LACP. The AMS Bell 412 (B412) helicopter, equipped with both the standard AMS thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) 2"x4"x16" 12-detector system and a subset of the BARC Aerial Gamma Spectroscopy System (AGSS) consisting of two independent 3"x3"cylindrical NaI(Tl) detectors, measured each of the five calibration pads for a minimum of 10 minutes. After the helicopter measurements, a pressurized ion chamber (PIC) was used to directly measure radiation exposure rates on each of the pads for a period 5 minutes. The geophysical calibration procedure published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (Erdi-Krausz et al. 2003) was used to determine the spectral stripping sensitivity matrix for naturally occurring radiological material (NORM). The sensitivity matrix is consistent with the AMS long term average. Additionally, the PIC data was used to calibrate the AMS system for exposure rate. The results of the exposure rate analysis are also consistent with AMS long-term averages.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS2003

NASA's Secured Advanced Federated Environment

In 1999, a NASA-wide team initially set out to create a collaborative environment to enable NASA's scientists and engineers to share information and tools across NASA locations and with world-wide partners. This paper describes the team's development process and solutions in resolving conflicting security issues of building a complex intra/inter-enterprise collaborative system. Based on the federated, hierarchical, compartmentalized principles, the Secured Advanced Federated Environment (SAFE) developed by the team is becoming a foundational element for building a collaborative infrastructure for NASA. This paper also introduces the concept of a Micro Security Domain which can achieve the balance between the need to collaborate and the need to enforce enterprise and local security rules. SAFE'S federated security concepts enables networks to be formed around the functional/security requirements. With the SAFE technologies and approaches, security will not be an afterthought of the enterprise network design.

network designs↗

DOE OSTI2020

Methods and systems for authenticating identity

Systems and methods are disclosed that provide for secure communications between a user device and an authentication system. The systems and methods create a dynamic identification for the device that is stored in both the device and authentication system.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2024

Methods and systems for authenticating identity

Choi, Sung Nam↗

DOE OSTI2017

Support system, excavation arrangement, and process of supporting an object

A support system, an excavation arrangement, and a process of supporting an object are disclosed. The support system includes a weight-bearing device and a camming mechanism positioned below the weight-bearing device. A downward force on the weight-bearing device at least partially secures the camming mechanism to opposing surfaces. The excavation arrangement includes a borehole, a support system positioned within and secured to the borehole, and an object positioned on and supported by the support system. The process includes positioning and securing the support system and positioning the object on the weight-bearing device.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2023

Cloud Services Enable Efficient AI-Guided Simulation Workflows across Heterogeneous Resources

Applications which fuse machine learning and simulation are rarely best served by a single computing resource. Highly parallel simulation codes are best deployed on super- computers, while AI tasks used to decide which simulations to perform may be best suited to specialized accelerators. Here we present a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) system for executing complex, distributed computational campaigns that achieves performance parity with conventional workflow systems without the complexities of secure network connections between compute providers. One innovation enabling high performance is a subsystem that directly moves task data between sites, separate from the cloud-hosted FaaS system used to distribute task instructions. We also introduce a flexible scheduling system that allows us access factor of 2 trade offs between the amount of resources required to solve a problem at each compute site. We anticipate that this system will upgrade multi-site applications from demonstration projects to routine practice in computational science.

Ward, Logan↗

DOE OSTI2017

HPC Annual Report: Emulytics.

Networked Information Technology systems play a key role supporting critical government, military, and private computer installations. Many of today's critical infrastructure systems have strong dependencies on secure information exchange among geographically dispersed facilities. As operations become increasingly dependent on the information exchange they also become targets for exploitation. The need to protect data and defend these systems from external attack has become increasingly vital while the nature of the threats has become sophisticated and pervasive making the challenges daunting. Enter Emulytics.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1987

Incipient fault detection and power system protection for spaceborne systems

A program was initiated to study the feasibility of using advanced terrestrial power system protection techniques for spacecraft power systems. It was designed to enhance and automate spacecraft power distribution systems in the areas of safety, reliability and maintenance. The proposed power management/distribution system is described as well as security assessment and control, incipient and low current fault detection, and the proposed spaceborne protection system. It is noted that the intelligent remote power controller permits the implementation of digital relaying algorithms with both adaptive and programmable characteristics.

Russell, B. Don↗

NASA NTRS2004

Middleware and Web Services for the Collaborative Information Portal of NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers Mission

We describe the design and deployment of the middleware for the Collaborative Information Portal (CIP), a mission critical J2EE application developed for NASA's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover mission. CIP enabled mission personnel to access data and images sent back from Mars, staff and event schedules, broadcast messages and clocks displaying various Earth and Mars time zones. We developed the CIP middleware in less than two years time usins cutting-edge technologies, including EJBs, servlets, JDBC, JNDI and JMS. The middleware was designed as a collection of independent, hot-deployable web services, providing secure access to back end file systems and databases. Throughout the middleware we enabled crosscutting capabilities such as runtime service configuration, security, logging and remote monitoring. This paper presents our approach to mitigating the challenges we faced, concluding with a review of the lessons we learned from this project and noting what we'd do differently and why.

Sinderson, Elias↗

DOE OSTI2018

Sequence Hopping Algorithm For Securing Goose Messages

Embodiments of the present invention include methods and apparatuses for securing data transfer in power-system automation and smart grids. Embodiments of the present invention can be particularly helpful in securing GOOSE messages. A method of securing data transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention can include a message sequence synchronization and monitoring server (MSSMS) providing random seeds to a publisher intelligent electronic device (IED) and a subscriber IED, both having a pseudo random number generators (PRNGs), inputting the random seeds into the PRNG of the publisher IED and generating a publisher sequence hopping number, sending a message to the subscriber IED with the publisher sequence hopping number attached, and determining if the message is valid by comparing the message attached publisher sequence hopping number to a subscriber sequence hopping number generated by the subscriber PRNG.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advanced Reactor Safeguards & Security Program: Cybersecurity Scenarios

The use of digital control systems and automation in advanced nuclear power systems introduces different types of vulnerabilities compared to legacy (i.e. analog) control systems that cyber adversaries can exploit. These vulnerabilities pose a challenge to reactor operators and cyber operations staff due to the dynamic nature of the event in which a human response or a lack of response can potentially evolve into a worsening plant condition. Using the Department of Homeland Security Cyber and Infrastructure Security Agency’s (CISA) critical infrastructure exercise framework, this document presents several cyber security scenarios typical of digital control systems that could be used in advanced reactor designs. These scenarios can be used in tabletop exercises to evaluate cyber security posture or conduct training on different aspects of cyber security, including detection, threat hunting using indicators of compromise, evaluating incident response, risk mitigation, incident reporting, information sharing and recovery.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Final Report for Industrial Base Cybersecurity Initiative (IBCI) Project (FY2019)

Information security issues impact all manufacturing sectors and are particularly troublesome when designs for advanced weapons systems are lost via attacks that propagate through the relatively unprotected lower tiers of the nation's supply chains. The US Manufacturing Industrial Base (MIB) consists of suppliers and distributors that range in size from large prime contractors with extensive cybersecurity resources to small shops with little or no in-house information technology capabilities. The acquisition and maintenance of the technologies, systems, and financial resources needed to assure secure collaborations can be an overwhelming challenge for many manufacturers yet the cost of poor cybersecurity practices can lead to the compromise of national security information worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The Department of Defense Manufacturing Industrial Base Policy organization and the Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Advanced Manufacturing Office have chartered the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) to design, develop, and demonstrate a Manufacturing Threat Evaluation Wargaming System (MTEWS). The MTEWS concept is based on the use of a virtual model of the computer networks and cybersecurity protocols used across the MIB that will be continuously updated to reflect the dynamic threat environment. The MTEWS cyber-physical test range will demonstrate a prototype wargaming system that analyzes the impact of new and existing cybersecurity threats while also providing the information needed to sustain the integrity of the MIB supply chains. A long-term goal is the establishment of an enduring national manufacturing operations center that proactively responds to the continuously changing attacks that threaten the MIB and US national security. LANL and Y-12 have formed an Industrial Base Cybersecurity Initiative Team (IBCI), consisting of partners from the public, private and academic sectors, that is developing the MTEWS. To date, most of the project tasks have been centered on the technologies required to create a representative model of the MIB because this is a foundational element for the entire project. Modeling activities at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte) have demonstrated a VMware-based prototype system that can accommodate a network model with up to 350 nodes and includes features such as the option to incorporate network scanning information when building the model and the ability to down select the elements of duplicative networks to a statistically significant subset that avoids redundantly duplicating network configurations. Broad Ordering Agreements have been established with UNC Charlotte and the University of West Florida (UWF) that support a variety of cybersecurity for manufacturing tasks and wide-spread endorsement has been received from government, industry and academia sectors concerning the IBCI goals and technical direction.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗

DOE OSTI2023

Cyber-Physical Power Systems Protection: The Byzantine Cybersecurity Framework

Cybersecurity of smart grids have been topic of much interest in recent years. As this critical infrastructure operation increases dependency on automated processes and controls, exposure to cyber-physical threats become inevitable. Considering cyber-physical security of the grid, much focus of attention has been made towards smart grids real-time monitoring solutions, including the state estimation process. Analyzing the relevant literature, one can note though that seldom research has been done on cyber-physical security of smart grids protection systems. Protection systems have intangible value towards grid reliability. This paper presents a cybersecurity framework for smart grids protection systems. A physics-based inspired machine learning solution is at the core process of the framework. Processed relay inputs and outputs are used by a deep predictive coding network. Formal models, a quasi-static state estimator, provides an oracle when low confidence decision is reached. Evolving knowledge is derived through reinforcement learning. Implementation aspects considering the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center are presented. Built as an extra control layer to protection systems, without hard-to-derive parameters, highlights potential aspects towards real-life applications.

Bretas, Arturo Suman↗

DOE OSTI2023

Cybersecurity Assessment for a Behind-the-Meter Solar PV System: A Use Case for the DER-CF

The world's energy production is shifting toward lower-cost, cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable sources. The increasing numbers of distributed energy resources (DERs) are allowing for the rapid transformation of electric grids toward achieving the goal of energy decarbonization. Along with cleaner and more efficient energy, however, we must also aim for a secure energy future. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are an important part of this transition. This paper discusses a cybersecurity risk assessment for behind-the-meter DERs using a solar PV system as a use case of the Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This poster presents a conference paper on the risk assessment processes and summarizes the DER-CF's use case recommendations to strengthen the cybersecurity posture of the electric grid.

cybersecurity↗

DOE OSTI2023

Deploying Automation Technology Supporting Packaging and Transportation Operations

Various United States Department of Energy (DOE) sites are investigating the deployment of robotics to provide safer, effective, and more efficient operations. By implementing robotics in packaging and transportation operations, improvements toward production efficiency, worker ergonomics, radiological dose reduction, and security assurance can be realized. Robotic Systems must be designed and implemented in concert with a facility’s safety basis, classification, and security constraints, while improving overall operational effectiveness. The desired robotic implementation should provide a path to potential long-term cost savings, reduce/eliminate hazardous conditions and radiological exposure, while improving quality and reliability of an operation process. The Savannah River Site (SRS), a DOE Site located in Aiken South Carolina, has initiated several large scale projects supporting future nuclear material disposition activities. Incorporation of automation and robotic equipment in system designs will support effective and efficient material handling operations, including container movements and packaging activities. Robotic systems will execute tasks that are precise, procedural and integrated with control systems to verify and record data for material inventory and historical archiving. An overview of the current robotic system development to perform receipt inspection, packaging, storage and shipment preparation activities of designated Type A and B shipping packages will be presented.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

NASA NTRS2005

Real-time Enhanced Vision System

Flying in poor visibility conditions, such as rain, snow, fog or haze, is inherently dangerous. However these conditions can occur at nearly any location, so inevitably pilots must successfully navigate through them. At NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), under support of the Aviation Safety and Security Program Office and the Systems Engineering Directorate, we are developing an Enhanced Vision System (EVS) that combines image enhancement and synthetic vision elements to assist pilots flying through adverse weather conditions. This system uses a combination of forward-looking infrared and visible sensors for data acquisition. A core function of the system is to enhance and fuse the sensor data in order to increase the information content and quality of the captured imagery. These operations must be performed in real-time for the pilot to use while flying. For image enhancement, we are using the LaRC patented Retinex algorithm since it performs exceptionally well for improving low-contrast range imagery typically seen during poor visibility conditions. In general, real-time operation of the Retinex requires specialized hardware. To date, we have successfully implemented a single-sensor real-time version of the Retinex on several different Digital Signal Processor (DSP) platforms. In this paper we give an overview of the EVS and its performance requirements for real-time enhancement and fusion and we discuss our current real-time Retinex implementations on DSPs.

Hines, Glenn D.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Special Nuclear Material Characterization Using Digital 3-D Position Sensitive CdZnTe Detectors and High Purity Germanium Spectrometers

Special nuclear material (SNM) monitoring often requires high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for material characterization. Portable systems and rapid deployment are also highly valued for some applications. Deployable gamma-ray imaging spectrometers using pixelated CdZnTe semiconductor detectors have become commercially available within the past three years to meet these requirements. CdZnTe systems have demonstrated room-temperature energy resolutions below 0.5% FWHM at 662 keV using single pixel events and below 0.7% FWHM at 662 keV using all events. The systems are able to go from storage to measurement in less than two minutes. Special nuclear materials were measured at the Y-12 National Security Complex and at the Device Assembly Facility at the Nevada National Security Site. The use of a CdZnTe system to measure uranium enrichment was demonstrated and uranium spectral features were compared to a commercially available high purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometer. The use of passive gamma ray spectroscopy techniques to estimate plutonium grade using CdZnTe detectors was demonstrated for the first time.

CdZnTe detectors, gamma-ray imaging, gamma-ray spe↗

DOE OSTI2024

GLIMPSE of Future Power Grid Models

Power grid is one of the critical national infrastructures with social, economics, and national security impacts. Particularly, power distribution systems represent part of the infrastructure between power distribution substations and customers such as residential, commercial, and industrial. To address various grid modernization challenges, state-of-the-art algorithms and methodologies have been developed to deploy, operate, and expand a secure and resilient power grid. At the same time, there is a need to develop capabilities to assist power grid stakeholders to quickly get insight into the design and structure of the grid. Data visualization is a key approach to comprehend and understand complex systems such as the power grid. We present GLIMPSE Grid Layout Interface for Model Preview and System Exploration), a graph-based semantic-aware application to visualize and update distribution power grid models. The GLIMPSE can be used with standard IEEE models to search and highlight power grid objects such as generators, loads, overhead lines, etc. Additionally, it supports updating attributes and model export to integrate with GridLAB-D simulations.

Cybersecurity, power grid, visualization↗