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At least 1,153 records · Page 64

Materials Data on Zr2ReRh by Materials Project

Zr2ReRh is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zr is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Re and four equivalent Rh atoms. All Zr–Re bond lengths are 2.87 Å. All Zr–Rh bond lengths are 2.87 Å. Re is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Zr atoms. Rh is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Zr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Mn2FeRe by Materials Project

ReMn2Fe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two ReMn2Fe ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms. Both Re–Mn bond lengths are 2.28 Å. Mn is bonded in a linear geometry to one Re and one Fe atom. The Mn–Fe bond length is 2.31 Å. Fe is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Mn2CoRe by Materials Project

ReMn2Co crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two ReMn2Co ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms. Both Re–Mn bond lengths are 2.34 Å. Mn is bonded in a linear geometry to one Re and one Co atom. The Mn–Co bond length is 2.22 Å. Co is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ti2ReMo by Materials Project

Ti2MoRe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Ti2MoRe ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Ti is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mo and one Re atom. The Ti–Mo bond length is 2.23 Å. The Ti–Re bond length is 2.20 Å. Mo is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Ti atoms. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Ti atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ta2ReOs by Materials Project

Ta2ReOs is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ta is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Re and four equivalent Os atoms. All Ta–Re bond lengths are 2.77 Å. All Ta–Os bond lengths are 2.77 Å. Re is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ta atoms. Os is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ta atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ReHCSN2Cl3O by Materials Project

ReHOCl3CN2S crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four CN2S clusters and four ReHOCl3 clusters. In each CN2S cluster, C4+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two N+2.50- and one S2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.40 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.60 Å. There are two inequivalent N+2.50- sites. In the first N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one C4+ and one N+2.50- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.29 Å. In the second N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one C4+ and one N+2.50- atom. S2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In each ReHOCl3 cluster, Re7+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one H1+, one O2-, and three Cl1- atoms. The Re–H bond length is 1.71 Å. The Re–O bond length is 1.73 Å. There are one shorter (2.26 Å) and two longer (2.31 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on TiMn2Re by Materials Project

TiReMn2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two TiReMn2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Ti is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms. Both Ti–Mn bond lengths are 2.34 Å. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn atoms. Both Re–Mn bond lengths are 2.52 Å. Mn is bonded in a linear geometry to one Ti and one Re atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on TiNb2Re by Materials Project

TiNb2Re crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two TiNb2Re ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Ti is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Nb atoms. Both Ti–Nb bond lengths are 2.39 Å. Nb is bonded in a linear geometry to one Ti and one Re atom. The Nb–Re bond length is 2.25 Å. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Nb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cr2ReMo by Materials Project

MoCr2Re crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two MoCr2Re ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. Mo is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cr atoms. Both Mo–Cr bond lengths are 2.88 Å. Cr is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mo and one Re atom. The Cr–Re bond length is 2.28 Å. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on VCr2Re by Materials Project

VCr2Re crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two VCr2Re ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. V is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cr atoms. Both V–Cr bond lengths are 2.79 Å. Cr is bonded in a linear geometry to one V and one Re atom. The Cr–Re bond length is 2.28 Å. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Hf2VRe by Materials Project

Hf2VRe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Hf2VRe ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Hf is bonded in a linear geometry to one V and one Re atom. The Hf–V bond length is 2.51 Å. The Hf–Re bond length is 2.35 Å. V is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Hf atoms. Re is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Hf atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sr8Fe5Re5O28 by Materials Project

Sr8Re5Fe5O28 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Sr8Re5Fe5O28 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with five SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ReO6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.88 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with six SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with four ReO6 octahedra, and faces with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.82 Å. There are three inequivalent Re5+ sites. In the first Re5+ site, Re5+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.89 Å) and four longer (1.92 Å) Re–O bond length. In the second Re5+ site, Re5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with five FeO6 octahedra and faces with eight SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There is four shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Re–O bond length. In the third Re5+ site, Re5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra and faces with eight equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There is four shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.97 Å) Re–O bond length. There are three inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.00 Å) and four longer (2.03 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with five ReO6 octahedra and faces with eight SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.09 Å. In the third Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ReO6 octahedra and faces with eight equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four Sr2+, one Re5+, and one Fe3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on AlRe by Materials Project

ReAl is gamma CuTi structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two ReAl sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Re is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Al atoms. All Re–Al bond lengths are 2.61 Å. Al is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Re atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Persistent Structure and Frustrated Magnetism in High Entropy Rare-Earth Zirconates

The configurational complexity and distinct local atomic environments of high entropy oxides remain largely unexplored, leaving structure-property relationships and the hypothesis that the family offers rich tunability for applications ambiguous. This work investigates the influence of cation size and materials synthesis in determining the resulting structure and magnetic properties of a family of high entropy rare-earth zirconates (HEREZs, nominal composition RE 2 Zr 2 O 7 with RE = rare-earth element combinations including Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, La, or Sc). Here, the structural characterization of the series is examined through synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis, and electron microscopy, demonstrating average defect-fluorite structures with considerable local disorder, in all samples. The surface morphology and particle sizes are found to vary significantly with preparation method, with irregular micron-sized particles formed by high temperature sintering routes, spherical nanoparticles resulting from chemical co-precipitation methods, and porous nanoparticle agglomerates resulting from polymer steric entrapment synthesis. In agreement with the disordered cation distribution found across all samples, magnetic measurements indicate that all synthesized HEREZs show frustrated magnetic behavior, as seen in a number of single-component RE 2 Zr 2 O 7 pyrochlore oxides. These findings advance the understanding of the local structure of high entropy oxides and demonstrate strategies for designing nanostructured morphologies in the class.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Tailored (La 0.2 Pr 0.2 Nd 0.2 Tb 0.2 Dy 0.2 ) 2 Ce 2 O 7 as a Highly Active and Stable Nanocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Abstract Designing highly active and robust catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction is key to improving the overall efficiency of the water splitting reaction. It has been previously demonstrated that evaporation induced self‐assembly (EISA) can be used to synthesize highly porous and high surface area cerate‐based fluorite nanocatalysts, and that substitution of Ce with 50% rare earth (RE) cations significantly improves electrocatalyst activity. Herein, the defect structure of the best performing nanocatalyst in the series are further explored, Nd 2 Ce 2 O 7 , with a combination of neutron diffraction and neutron pair distribution function analysis. It is found that Nd 3 + cation substitution for Ce in the CeO 2 fluorite lattice introduces higher levels of oxygen Frenkel defects and induces a partially reduced RE 1.5 Ce 1.5 O 5 +x phase with oxygen vacancy ordering. Significantly, it is demonstrated that the concentration of oxygen Frenkel defects and improved electrocatalytic activity can be further enhanced by increasing the compositional complexity (number of RE cations involved) in the substitution. The resulting novel compositionally‐complex fluorite– (La 0.2 Pr 0.2 Nd 0.2 Tb 0.2 Dy 0.2 ) 2 Ce 2 O 7 is shown to display a low OER overpotential of 210 mV at a current density of 10 mAcm −2 in 1M KOH, and excellent cycling stability. It is suggested that increasing the compositional complexity of fluorite nanocatalysts expands the ability to tailor catalyst design.

Chemistry↗

A Sparse-Grid Probabilistic Scheme for Approximation of the Runaway Probability of Electrons in Fusion Tokamak Simulation

Runaway electrons (RE) generated during magnetic disruptions present a major threat to the safe operation of plasma nuclear fusion reactors. A critical aspect of understanding RE dynamics is to calculate the runaway probability, i.e., the probability that an electron in the phase space will runaway on, or before, a prescribed time. Such probability can be obtained by solving the adjoint equation of the underlying Fokker-Planck equation that controls the electron dynamics. In this effort, we present a sparse-grid probabilistic scheme for computing the runaway probability. The key ingredient of our approach is to represent the solution of the adjoint equation as a conditional expectation, such that discretizing the differential operator reduces to the approximation of a set of integrals. Adaptive sparse grid interpolation is utilized to approximate the map from the phase space to the runaway probability. The main novelties of this effort are the integration of the sparse-grid method into the probabilistic numerical scheme for computing escape probability, and the application of the proposed method in computing RE probabilities. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate that the proposed method can achieve O(Δt) convergence, and that the local anisotropic adaptive refinement strategy (M. Stoyanov, Adaptive sparse grid construction in a context of local anisotropy and multiple hierarchical parents. In: Sparse Grids and Applications-Miami 2016, Springer, Berlin, 2018, pp. 175–199) can effectively handle the sharp transition layer between the runaway and non-runaway regions.

Yang, Minglei↗

Thermal behavior of ammonium octafluorodirhenate(III)

The thermal behavior of (NH 4 ) 2 [Re 2 F 8 ]·2H 2 O salt was studied in the temperature range 150–700 °C under flowing nitrogen gas. The decomposition products were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results are consistent with the formation of (NH 4 ) 2 [Re 2 F 8 ] salt at 150 °C, amorphous rhenium metal at 300 and 400 °C, and crystalline rhenium metal at 500 and 700 °C. A mechanism of formation of rhenium metal from (NH 4 ) 2 [Re 2 F 8 ]·2H 2 O was proposed. Here, the effect of crystallite size and lattice strain was evaluated at 500 and 700 °C from powder XRD peak broadenings using both Williamson–Hall and the modified Scherrer methods.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Reliability-informed end-of-use decision making for product sustainability using two-stage stochastic optimization

The concept of circular economy has been diffused in recent decades to promote economic growth that does not add to the burden on natural resource extraction. Re-X options (e.g., reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle) have been gradually adopted in the product development process and optimized to reduce or eliminate waste and pollution. Although manufacturing incorporating Re-X options can be more environmentally friendly, it involves more sources of uncertainty than traditional manufacturing since the end-of-use products can be collected from multiple origins with various quantities and qualities, and the market demand for both new and remanufactured products cannot be forecasted perfectly. Thus, there is a need to optimize the Re-X policy to alleviate the negative impacts of the higher uncertainty. One option is using the reliability information of new products to estimate the end-of-use conditions and applying multi-stage stochastic optimization to capture multiple demand scenarios. This paper develops a two-stage stochastic optimization model to optimize the quality thresholds for reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing options. Our objective is to minimize the total cost, energy consumption, and environmental impact of producing and providing warranty service for a product family. The model employs reliability information of product components to estimate the warranty service cost and the end-of-use conditions of the returned resources. A case study on a general product family is implemented to illustrate the efficacy of the optimization model. Finally, results show that the two-stage optimization can achieve cost and environmental impact reduction for a hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing process.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗