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At least 1,153 records · Page 64
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Game Based Learning For Earth Science Applications Training

Current NASA Earth capacity development programs employ mechanisms ranging from online resource sharing, and virtual and in-person trainings to share knowledge. While these programs are highly successful at engaging individuals around the world – in 2018, over 8000 individuals and over 2000 institutions from all 50 US states and over 140 countries were engaged through over 150 projects and trainings – user feedback has highlighted the desire for expanded hands-on, practical experiences in incorporating NASA EO insights with localized data and actions. We aim to address this gap by leveraging the benefits of game-based learning to build user skills in integrating NASA and local EO data to guide decisions for climate resiliency and hazard planning. This project is being executed as a two-phase crowdsourced challenge: 1) Phase 1 will require a well-researched product concept that reflects an understanding of NASA’s Earth data and tools and user needs, and proposes an innovative and interactive game or extended reality experience to train users in identifying relevant NASA data and applying insights to their climate resiliency decisions; 2) Winners of Phase 1 will be provided seed funding to develop a working prototype of the product. We aim to award 1-3 final winners to support the development of more than one game, thereby ensuring that NASA's diverse audiences around the world can access training games that best suit their needs and capabilities. This EO training game project fits in the NASA Earth Science Applied Sciences Program’s Capacity Development Program, contributing to the program mission of “helping people around the world better understand [NASA’s Earth] data and find ways to use them” (https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/what-we-do/capacity-building). The final training game will complement existing programmatic activities of workforce development, trainings, and collaborative projects, while providing the unique value of providing interactive experiences to users and collecting real-time data and feedback to improve NASA’s Earth applications’ products and services related to climate resilience.

Human centered design↗
NASA NTRS2002

2001 NASA Seal/secondary Air System Workshop, Volume 1

The 2001 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System Workshop covered the following topics: (i) overview of NASA's Vision for 21st Century Aircraft; (ii) overview of NASA-sponsored Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET); (iii) reviews of sealing concepts, test results, experimental facilities, and numerical predictions; and (iv) reviews of material development programs relevant to advanced seals development. The NASA UEET overview illustrates for the reader the importance of advanced technologies, including seals, in meeting future turbine engine system efficiency and emission goals. The NASA UEET program goals include an 8-to 15-percent reduction in fuel burn, a 15-percent reduction in CO2, a 70-percent reduction in NOx, CO, and unburned hydrocarbons, and a 30-dB noise reduction relative to program baselines. The workshop also covered several programs NASA is funding to investigate advanced reusable space vehicle technologies (X-38) and advanced space ram/scramjet propulsion systems. Seal challenges posed by these advanced systems include high-temperature operation, resiliency at the operating temperature to accommodate sidewall flexing, and durability to last many missions.

Steinetz, Bruce M.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Electronics Demonstrated for Low- Temperature Operation

The operation of electronic systems at cryogenic temperatures is anticipated for many NASA spacecraft, such as planetary explorers and deep space probes. For example, an unheated interplanetary probe launched to explore the rings of Saturn would experience an average temperature near Saturn of about 183 C. Electronics capable of low-temperature operation in the harsh deep space environment also would help improve circuit performance, increase system efficiency, and reduce payload development and launch costs. An ongoing research and development program on low-temperature electronics at the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is focusing on the design of efficient power systems that can survive and exploit the advantages of low-temperature environments. The targeted systems, which are mission driven, include converters, inverters, controls, digital circuits, and special-purpose circuits. Initial development efforts successfully demonstrated the low-temperature operation and cold-restart of several direct-current/direct-current (dc/dc) converters based on different types of circuit design, some with superconducting inductors. The table lists some of these dc/dc converters with their properties, and the photograph shows a high-voltage, high-power dc/dc converter designed for an ion propulsion system for low-temperature operation. The development efforts of advanced electronic systems and the supporting technologies for low-temperature operation are being carried out in-house and through collaboration with other Government agencies, industry, and academia. The Low Temperature Electronics Program supports missions and development programs at NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Goddard Space Flight Center. The developed technologies will be transferred to commercial end users for applications such as satellite infrared sensors and medical diagnostic equipment.

Patterson, Richard L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Life support technology investment strategies for flight programs: An application of decision analysis

Applied research and technology development (R&TD) is often characterized by uncertainty, risk, and significant delays before tangible returns are obtained. Given the increased awareness of limitations in resources, effective R&TD today needs a method for up-front assessment of competing technologies to help guide technology investment decisions. Such an assessment approach must account for uncertainties in system performance parameters, mission requirements and architectures, and internal and external events influencing a development program. The methodology known as decision analysis has the potential to address these issues. It was evaluated by performing a case study assessment of alternative carbon dioxide removal technologies for NASA's proposed First Lunar Outpost program. An approach was developed that accounts for the uncertainties in each technology's cost and performance parameters as well as programmatic uncertainties such as mission architecture. Life cycle cost savings relative to a baseline, adjusted for the cost of money, was used as a figure of merit to evaluate each of the alternative carbon dioxide removal technology candidates. The methodology was found to provide a consistent decision-making strategy for development of new life support technology. The case study results provided insight that was not possible from more traditional analysis approaches.

Schlater, Nelson J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Life support technology investment strategies for flight programs: An application of decision analysis

Applied research and technology development (R&TD) is often characterized by uncertainty, risk, and significant delays before tangible returns are obtained. Given the increased awareness of limitations in resources, effective R&TD today needs a method for up-front assessment of competing technologies to help guide technology investment decisions. Such an assessment approach must account for uncertainties in system performance parameters, mission requirements and architectures, and internal and external events influencing a development program. The methodology known as decision analysis has the potential to address these issues. It was evaluated by performing a case study assessment of alternative carbon dioxide removal technologies for NASA"s proposed First Lunar Outpost program. An approach was developed that accounts for the uncertainties in each technology's cost and performance parameters as well as programmatic uncertainties such as mission architecture. Life cycle cost savings relative to a baseline, adjusted for the cost of money, was used as a figure of merit to evaluate each of the alternative carbon dioxide removal technology candidates. The methodology was found to provide a consistent decision-making strategy for the develpoment of new life support technology. The case study results provided insight that was not possible from more traditional analysis approaches.

Schlater, Nelson J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

New airfoil sections for general aviation aircraft

A program has been undertaken to develop new airfoil sections suitable for general aviation aircraft, utilizing theoretical and experimental advanced technology developed in recent years primarily for subsonic jet transport and military aircraft. The airfoil development program is one component of the Advanced Technology Light Twin program sponsored by NASA Langley Research Center. Two-dimensional tests of a new airfoil have demonstrated high cruising performance over a fairly wide C sub 1 range, and a C sub 1 max value of 3.69 with Fowler flap and no leading-edge devices. Experimental and theoretical development of additional configurations is under way.

Wentz, W. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2000

A Reliable Earth Return System for Safe Recovery of Mars Samples

The objective of a Mars sample return mission is to bring selected Mars surface materials to Earth. Numerous approaches for the Earth-return segment have been analyzed including propulsive or aerocapture return to low-Earth orbit followed by Space Shuttle rendezvous and direct entry. Of these approaches, ballistic entry of a small capsule terminating in a ground landing has been shown to be the lowest risk strategy. Over the past two years, significant work has been performed towards development of a robust direct entry vehicle for Mars sample return. In June 1999, the NASA Planetary Protection Officer provided initial guidance to the former Mars Sample Return Project. The sample return phase of the mission was assigned a restricted Earth return planetary protection classification. The draft mission requirement states that the total mean probability of release of unsterilized Mars material into the Earth;s biosphere must be less than 1.0E-06 (1 in a million). This strict requirement drives the approach and design of the Earth return system. To meet this requirement, selection of the Earth return strategy and development of the Earth return system must be guided by risk, not performance, based decisions. An initial Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) was performed to address the direct entry Earth return system containment assurance reliability and to identify high-risk elements of this system. The results of this PRA identified risk elements that include thermal protection system performance during entry, spin-eject orientation and aerodynamic stability during entry, structural integrity under atmospheric deceleration and impact loads, and tracking/recovery of this system. This initial probabilistic risk quantification demonstrates that, with the proper development program, a prototypical direct entry design can satisfy the containment assurance reliability requirement. Through the current Mars Sample Return Advanced Technology Development effort, an extensive design, analysis, and test program is presently proceeding with the aim of reducing the containment assurance risk of this system. This technology development effort, guided by a continuing PRA, focuses on key risk areas of a direct entry Earth return system including: the thermal protection system, impact dynamics, structural performance, aerodynamic stability, and ground recovery. This development program will culminate in a system validation flight test, 1-2 years prior to launch of the flight system. This flight test would include the launch, entry, and recovery of a full-scale Earth return system, as a scientific validation of the key risk elements to verify nominal design performance. The results of the initial PRA suggested several dominant failure sequences that can be validated in a flight test. These include: demonstrating the thermal protection system reliability and performance during entry, demonstrating the spin-eject orientation and aero-dynamic stability during entry, demonstrating the structural integrity under atmospheric deceleration and impact loads, and demonstrating tracking and recovery of the Earth return system. This single test will directly address over 50% of the total containment assurance risk elements. This presentation will begin by presenting the relative risk of various Earth return strategies. The results of the initial probabilistic risk assessment will be presented followed by a discussion of the development accomplishments and plans for demonstration of a highly reliable direct entry Earth return system.

Braun, R.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Low Temperature Waste Form for Supplemental Immobilization of Hanford Low Activity Waste - 17485

The Hanford site has approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste stored in 177 underground storage tanks. The Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is being constructed to treat the waste but will only have sufficient capacity to treat about one-third of the Low Activity Waste (LAW) portion within the anticipated time-frame for completing the waste treatment mission. The LAW vitrification facility will need to be supplemented with additional LAW vitrification capacity or an alternate LAW immobilization technology. The LAW immobilization technologies considered must be capable of treating approximately 65% of Hanford's LAW and will be evaluated with respect to facilities required, quantity of final waste forms and secondary wastes produced, waste form performance data, technical viability, and life cycle cost and schedule estimates. A low temperature (i.e. non-thermal) waste form and treatment process is being evaluated to provide the additional LAW immobilization capacity. Low temperature, cementitious waste forms have been evaluated previously for immobilizing Hanford tank waste but were not further developed for various reasons. Over the past few years the Hanford Tank Operations Contractor has conducted a technology development program to evaluate a low temperature waste form for immobilization of Hanford LAW including formulation development and testing with a range of simulant compositions spiked with radioactive and hazardous contaminants of concern (COCs). The objectives of this program include; developing a low temperature waste form formulation that is robust with respect to both waste form performance and processing properties over a range of LAW compositions, demonstrating waste form performance with real waste, and conducting Engineering Scale testing to advance the technical maturity of the low temperature immobilization process. The purpose of this paper is to report progress toward these objectives, in particular testing with real waste including additives to enhance technetium and iodine retention. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Investigation into High Power Converter Topologies

The NESC commissioned NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) to perform a study of high-power DC-DC converter topologies Why perform the study? • Several past contractor-led converter development programs have been plagued with development delays and cost overruns due to: • Poor initial design decisions • Complex requirements driving designs • Better inform government engineers about strengths and weaknesses of various topologies, learn about new topologies/design strategies. • Allow NASA to be better prepared for upcoming high power/high voltage power conversion systems work, such as Lunar and Martian surface missions, high power electric propulsion, as well as terrestrial systems, such as electrified aircraft. • Contractors often do not have the option to restart poor decisions – allows NASA to be better informed at the start of programs.

Power Converter↗
DOE OSTI2014

Results from the DOE Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program

Modular HTGR designs were developed to provide natural safety, which prevents core damage under all design basis accidents and presently envisioned severe accidents. The principle that guides their design concepts is to passively maintain core temperatures below fission product release thresholds under all accident scenarios. This level of fuel performance and fission product retention reduces the radioactive source term by many orders of magnitude and allows potential elimination of the need for evacuation and sheltering beyond a small exclusion area. This level, however, is predicated on exceptionally high fuel fabrication quality and performance under normal operation and accident conditions. Germany produced and demonstrated high quality fuel for their pebble bed HTGRs in the 1980s, but no U.S. manufactured fuel had exhibited equivalent performance prior to the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. The design goal of the modular HTGRs is to allow elimination of an exclusion zone and an emergency planning zone outside the plant boundary fence, typically interpreted as being about 400 meters from the reactor. To achieve this, the reactor design concepts require a level of fuel integrity that is better than that claimed for all prior US manufactured TRISO fuel, by a few orders of magnitude. The improved performance level is about a factor of three better than qualified for German TRISO fuel in the 1980’s. At the start of the AGR program, without a reactor design concept selected, the AGR fuel program selected to qualify fuel to an operating envelope that would bound both pebble bed and prismatic options. This resulted in needing a fuel form that could survive at peak fuel temperatures of 1250°C on a time-averaged basis and high burnups in the range of 150 to 200 GWd/MTHM (metric tons of heavy metal) or 16.4 to 21.8% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA). Although Germany has demonstrated excellent performance of TRISO-coated UO2 particle fuel up to about 10% FIMA and 1150°C, UO2 fuel is known to have limitations because of CO formation and kernel migration at the high burnups, power densities, temperatures, and temperature gradients that may be encountered in the prismatic modular HTGRs. With uranium oxycarbide (UCO) fuel, the kernel composition is engineered to prevent CO formation and kernel migration, which are key threats to fuel integrity at higher burnups, temperatures, and temperature gradients. Furthermore, the recent poor fuel performance of UO2 TRISO fuel pebbles measured in Chinese irradiation testing in Russia and in German pebbles irradiated at 1250°C, and historic data on poorer fuel performance in safety testing of German pebbles that experienced burnups in excess of 10% FIMA [1] have each raised concern about the use of UO2 TRISO above 10% FIMA and 1150°C and the degree of margin available in the fuel system. This continues to be an active area of study internationally.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of a Small-Aperture Cos-theta Dipole Insert Coil Based on Bi2212 Rutherford Cable and Stress Management Structure

The U.S. Magnet Development Program (US-MDP) is developing high-field accelerator magnets with magnetic fields beyond the limits of Nb3Sn technology based on high temperature superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8-x (Bi2212). However, Bi2212 wires and cables are sensitive to transverse stresses and strains, which are substantial in high-field accelerator magnets. To prevent large degradation of the Bi2212 coils and achieve the required field quality, an innovative design which provides turn positioning during coil fabrication and operation and manage azimuthal and radial strains/stresses in the coil has been proposed at FNAL. This paper describes the development of a small-aperture two-layer Bi2212 dipole coil with stress management. The main parameters of the Bi2212 wire and Rutherford cable, the design of coil stress management structure and its plastic model, the coil mechanical analysis in the dipole mirror configuration are presented and discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

National Green Building Standard Analysis

DOE's Building America Program is a research and development program to improve the energy performance of new and existing homes. The ultimate goal of the Building America Program is to achieve examples of cost-effective, energy efficient solutions for all U.S. climate zones. Periodic maintenance of an ANSI standard by review of the entire document and action to revise or reaffirm it on aschedule not to exceed five years is required by ANSI. In compliance, a consensus group has once again been formed and the National Green Building Standard is currently being reviewed to comply with the periodic maintenance requirement of an ANSI standard.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2013

Separations and Waste Forms Research and Development: FY 2012 Accomplishments Report

The Separations and Waste Form Campaign (SWFC) under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program (FCRD) is responsible for developing advanced separation and waste form technologies to support the various fuel cycle options defined in the DOE Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap, Report to Congress, April 2010. The fiscal year (FY) 2012 accomplishments report highlights the results of the research and development (R&D) efforts performed within SWFC in FY 2012. Each section contains a high level overview of the activities, results, technical point of contact and applicable references. This report briefly outlines campaign management and integration activities, but the intent of the report is to highlight the many technical accomplishments made during FY 2012. The campaign continued to maintain a balanced effort between scientific investigations to underpin advanced separations and waste forms technologies and engineering advancement to maintain relevance and focus on implementable technologies. There was an increased focus on development of new tools and methods to develop a better fundamental understanding of separation processes and waste form behavior and this effort is closely tied to modeling and simulation activities.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Separations and Waste Forms Research and Development FY 2013 Accomplishments Report

The Separations and Waste Form Campaign (SWFC) under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program (FCRD) is responsible for developing advanced separation and waste form technologies to support the various fuel cycle options defined in the DOE Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap, Report to Congress, April 2010. The fiscal year (FY) 2013 accomplishments report provides a highlight of the results of the research and development (R&D) efforts performed within SWFC in FY 2013. Each section contains a high-level overview of the activities, results, technical point of contact, applicable references, and documents produced during the fiscal year. This report briefly outlines campaign management and integration activities, but the intent of the report is to highlight the many technical accomplishments made during FY 2013.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2012

National Green Building Standard Analysis

DOE's Building America Program is a research and development program to improve the energy performance of new and existing homes. The ultimate goal of the Building America Program is to achieve examples of cost-effective, energy efficient solutions for all U.S. climate zones. Periodic maintenance of an ANSI standard by review of the entire document and action to revise or reaffirm it on a schedule not to exceed five years is required by ANSI. In compliance, a consensus group has once again been formed and the National Green Building Standard is currently being reviewed to comply with the periodic maintenance requirement of an ANSI standard.

energy simulation method↗
DOE OSTI2019

High Efficiency Latent Heat Based Thermal Energy Storage System Compatible with Supercritical CO 2 Power Cycle

As part of the SunShot Initiative’s 2013 Laboratory Proposal Development program, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) developed and demonstrated a latent-heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system using MgCl 2 (T m.p. ~ 714°C) phase change material (PCM) and graphite foam at the laboratory prototype-scale level. The current project focused on issues related to the fabrication and thermal performance feasibility of the LHTES module compatible with the supercritical CO 2 (s-CO 2 ) power cycle for concentrated solar power (CSP) applications

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Optimal Chloride Salt Mixture for a Fusion Blanket

Deuterium-tritium fusion reactors cannot operate for a significant period without a closed tritium fuel cycle, according to a recent National Academies of Sciences (NAS) report on bringing fusion reactors to the US electrical grid. This fact places breeder blankets as one of the foundational systems for self-sustained fusion reactor operation. The typical functional requirements for a breeder blanket system include producing tritium, absorbing kinetic energy, transporting thermal energy, and being environmentally attractive. State-of-the-art research on liquid blankets has converged to primarily focus on (LiF) 2 and BeF 2 (FLiBe) molten salts and a metallic eutectic of lead and lithium (PbLi), but “virtually all of the technologies related to the tritium fuel cycle are at a low technological readiness level”. This work sought to explore optimum blanket configurations as it aligned with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) FY 2023 Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program’s research priority of developing and expanding the current understanding of fusion blanket science and technology. This purpose of this work was to address ORNL research priorities and NAS recommendations by investigating novel liquid blanket materials that could provide self-sustaining operation and draw on experience from research on molten salts used for advanced fission reactors, concentrated solar, and thermal energy storage. The hypothesis when proposing this research was that there could be chloride-based blanket designs that can exceed the tritium breeding ratios of (FLiBe) molten salt blankets while reducing the use of Be (FLiBe), avoiding the generation of HF (FLiBe), and minimizing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-perturbed flow fields (PbLi). The fastest and most cost-effective path to deploying liquid fusion breeder blankets could be from maximizing the synergistic technological overlap between fusion, fission, concentrated solar, and thermal energy storage industries.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗