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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Molecular orbital studies in oxidation: Sulfate formation and metal-metal oxide adhesion

The chemical mechanisms for sulfate formation from sodium chloride and sulfur trioxide, which is a product of jet fuel combustion was determined. Molten sodium sulfate leads to hot corrosion of the protective oxide layers on turbine blades. How yttrium dopants in nidkel-aluminum alloys used in turbine blades reduce the spalling rate of protective alumina films and enhance their adhesion was also determined. Two other fulfate mechanisms were deduced and structure of carbon monoxide on a clean chronium and clean platinum-titanium alloys surfaces was determined. All studies were by use of the atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) theory. Seven studies were completed. Their titles and abstracts are given.

Anderson, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Studies on the oxidation of hexamethylbenzene 1: Oxidation of hexamethylbenzene with nitric acid

The oxidative reaction of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) with nitric acid was studied, and the hitherto unknown polymethylbenzenepolycarboxylic acids were isolated: tetramethylphthalic anhydride, tetramethylisophthalic acid, 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenetricarboxylic acids. When HMB was warmed with 50% nitric acid at about 80 C, tetramethylphthalic anhydride and tetramethylisophthalic acid were initially produced. The continued reaction led to the production of trimethylbenzenetricarboxylic acids, but only slight amounts of dimethylbenzenetetracarboxylic acids were detected in the reaction mixture. Whereas tetramethylphthalic anydride and tetramethylisophthalic acid were obtained, pentamethylbenzoic acid, a possible precursor of them, was scarcely produced. On the other hand, a yellow material extracted with ether from the initial reaction mixture contained bis-(nitromethyl)prehnitene (CH3)4C6(CH2NO2)2, which was easily converted into the phthalic anhydride.

Chiba, K.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Relative rates of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production by nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and nitrate respirers

An account is given of the atmospheric chemical and photochemical effects of biogenic nitric and nitrous oxide emissions. The magnitude of the biogenic emission of NO is noted to remain uncertain. Possible soil sources of NO and N2O encompass nitrification by autotropic and heterotropic nitrifiers, denitrification by nitrifiers and denitrifiers, nitrate respiration by fermenters, and chemodenitrification. Oxygen availability is the primary determinant of these organisms' relative rates of activity. The characteristics of this major influence are presently investigated in light of the effect of oxygen partial pressure on NO and N2O production by a wide variety of common soil-nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrate-respiring bacteria under laboratory conditions. The results obtained indicate that aerobic soils are primary sources only when there is sufficient moisture to furnish anaerobic microsites for denitrification.

Anderson, I. C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The oxidation of carbon monoxide using a tin oxide catalyst

This paper outlines some of the steps involved in the development by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) of a catalytic device for the recombination of carbon monoxide and oxygen in a CO2 laser system. It contrasts the differences between CO oxidation for air purification and for laser environmental control, but indicates that there are similarities between the physical specifications. The principal features of catalytic devices are outlined and some experimental work described. This includes measurements concerning the structure and mechanical properties of the artifact, the preparation of the catalyst coating and its interaction with the gaseous environment. The paper concludes with some speculation about the method by which the reaction actually occurs.

Sampson, Christopher F.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Investigation of buried homojunctions in p-InP formed during sputter deposition of both indium tin oxide and indium oxide

While dc magnetron sputter deposition of indium tin oxide leads to the formation of a buried homojunction in single crystal p-type InP, the mechanism of type conversion of the InP surface is not apparent. In view of the recent achievement of nearly 17-percent global efficiencies for cells fabricated solely by sputter deposition of In2O3, it is presently surmised that tin may not be an essential element in type conversion. A variety of electrical and optical techniques are presently used to evaluate the changes at both indium tin oxide/InP and indium oxide/InP interfaces. Such mechanisms as the passivation of acceptors by hydrogen, and sputter damage, are found to occur simultaneously.

Gessert, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Microanalysis of iron oxidation state in iron oxides using X Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES)

An exploratory application of x ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis using the synchrotron x ray microprobe was undertaken to obtain Fe XANES spectra on individual sub-millimeter grains in conventional polished sections. The experiments concentrated on determinations of Fe valence in a suite of iron oxide minerals for which independent estimates of the iron speciation could be made by electron microprobe analysis and x ray diffraction.

Sutton, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Dimethylsulfide oxidation over the tropical South Atlantic: OH and other oxidants

The general course of events in the formation of a marine cloud begins with the emission of species which can eventually serve as nuclei around which water can condense to form a cloud droplet. In remote marine regions, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are primarily composed of sulfate, in either its acid or ammonium salt form. Most sulfate in these regions is the product of atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a reduced sulfur gas that is released by phytoplankton at the ocean surface. Therefore, in order to effectively quantify the links in the cloud-formation cycle, one must begin with a well-defined description of the atmospheric chemistry of DMS. The intent of this project has been to initiate development of a comprehensive model of the chemistry and dynamics responsible for the formation of clouds in the remote marine boundary layer. The primary tool in this work has been the Global/Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Event Simulator (GRACES), a global atmospheric chemistry model, which is under development within the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch of NASA-Ames Research Center. In this effort, GRACES was used to explore the first chemical link between DMS and sulfate by modeling the diurnal variation of DMS.

Hemming, Brooke L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Studying Cerium Oxide and Uranium Oxide Using Particle Attached Microelectrodes

The conference proceeding presents results of CeO2 and UO2 particles as microelectrodes enclosed in the SALVI E-cell developed in Dr. Yu's lab. These microfluidic cells can be used to study spent fuel materials in minute amount. They offer a flexible and economic way to understand spent fuel oxidation and dissolution in waste storage conditions.

Son, Jiyoung↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic Texture in Insulating Single Crystal High Entropy Oxide Spinel Films

Magnetic insulators are important materials for a range of next-generation memory and spintronic applications. Structural constraints in this class of devices generally require a clean heterointerface that allows effective magnetic coupling between the insulating layer and the conducting layer. However, there are relatively few examples of magnetic insulators that can be synthesized with surface qualities that would allow these smooth interfaces and precisely tuned interfacial magnetic exchange coupling, which might be applicable at room temperature. In this work, we demonstrate an example of how the configurational complexity in the magnetic insulator layer can be used to realize these properties. The entropy-assisted synthesis is used to create single-crystal (Mg 0.2 Ni 0.2 Fe 0.2 Co 0.2 Cu 0.2 )Fe 2 O 4 films on substrates spanning a range of strain states. These films show smooth surfaces, high resistivity, and strong magnetic responses at room temperature. Furthermore, local and global magnetic measurements further demonstrate how strain can be used to manipulate the magnetic texture and anisotropy. These findings provide insight into how precise magnetic responses can be designed using compositionally complex materials that may find application in next-generation magnetic devices.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Resistive switching in a few nanometers thick tantalum oxide film formed by a metal oxidation

Resistive switching in a Cu/Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5}/Pt structure that consisted of a few nanometer-thick Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} film was demonstrated. The Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} film with thicknesses of 2–5 nm was formed with a combination of Ta metal film deposition and neutral oxygen particle irradiation at room temperature. The device exhibited a bipolar resistive switching with a threshold voltage of 0.2 V and multilevel switching operation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗