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At least 1,153 records · Page 64

Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$, ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}$, and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}+$ at Belle and Belle II

Using 983.0 fb −1 and 427.9 fb −1 data samples collected with the Belle and Belle II detectors at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric energy e + e − colliders, respectively, we present studies of the Cabibbo-favored ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}$ decays ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}$, and the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}$. The ratios of branching fractions of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}$ relative to that of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ are measured for the first time, while the ratio $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})$ is also determined and improved by an order of magnitude in precision. The measured branching fraction ratios are $\begin{array}{c}\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.067\pm 0.007\pm 0.003,\\ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.251\pm 0.005\pm 0.010,\\ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.017\pm 0.003\pm 0.001.\end{array}$ Additionally, the ratio $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})$ is measured to be 0.068 ± 0.010 ± 0.004. Here, the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Multiplying the ratios by the branching fraction of the normalization mode, $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})=(2.9\pm 1.3)%$, we obtain the following absolute branching fractions $\begin{array}{c}\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0})=(0.194\pm 0.021\pm 0.009\pm 0.087)\text{%},\\ \mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})=(0.728\pm 0.014\pm 0.027\pm 0.326)\text{%},\\ \mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+})=(0.049\pm 0.007\pm 0.003\pm 0.022)\text{%},\end{array}$ where the third uncertainties are from $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Evidence for B 0 → p Σ ¯ 0 π - at Belle

We search for the B 0 → p$\overline{Σ}$ 0 π - decay with $\overline{Σ}$ 0 → $\overline{Λ}$ γ, where the γ is not measured, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711 fb -1 which contains 772 × 10 6 B$\overline{B}$ pairs, collected around the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. We measure for the first time the B 0 → p$\overline{Σ}$ 0 π - branching fraction to be $\mathscr{B}$(B 0 → p$\overline{Σ}$ 0 π - ) = $({1.17}_{-0.40}^{+0.43} (stat) ± 0.07(syst))$ X 10 -6 with a significance of 3.0σ. We simultaneously measure the branching fraction for the related channel B 0 → p$\overline{Λ}$ π - with much improved precision.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First measurement of the Q 2 distribution of X⁡(3915) single-tag two-photon production

We report the first measurement of the Q 2 distribution of X⁡(3915) produced by single-tag two-photon interactions. The decay mode used is X⁡(3915) →J/Ψ⁢ω. The covered Q 2 region is from 1.5 (GeV/c) 2 to 10.0 (GeV/c) 2 . We observe 7.9 ± 3.1⁢(stat) ± 1.5⁢(syst) events, where we expect 4.1 ± 0.7 events based on the Q 2 = 0 result from the no-tag two-photon process, extrapolated to higher Q 2 region using the $c\bar{c}$ model of Schuler, Berends, and van Gulik. The shape of the distribution is also consistent with this model; we note that statistical uncertainties are large

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

The Extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “Heat” Wave. Part I: Observations and Meteorological Drivers

Abstract Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. This record-shattering event saw numerous monthly temperature records being broken including a new all-time temperature record of −9.4°C on 18 March at Concordia Station despite March typically being a transition month to the Antarctic coreless winter. The driver for these temperature extremes was an intense atmospheric river advecting subtropical/midlatitude heat and moisture deep into the Antarctic interior. The scope of the temperature records spurred a large, diverse collaborative effort to study the heat wave’s meteorological drivers, impacts, and historical climate context. Here we focus on describing those temperature records along with the intricate meteorological drivers that led to the most intense atmospheric river observed over East Antarctica. These efforts describe the Rossby wave activity forced from intense tropical convection over the Indian Ocean. This led to an atmospheric river and warm conveyor belt intensification near the coastline, which reinforced atmospheric blocking deep into East Antarctica. The resulting moisture flux and upper-level warm-air advection eroded the typical surface temperature inversions over the ice sheet. At the peak of the heat wave, an area of 3.3 million km 2 in East Antarctica exceeded previous March monthly temperature records. Despite a temperature anomaly return time of about 100 years, a closer recurrence of such an event is possible under future climate projections. In Part II we describe the various impacts this extreme event had on the East Antarctic cryosphere. Significance Statement In March 2022, a heat wave and atmospheric river caused some of the highest temperature anomalies ever observed globally and captured the attention of the Antarctic science community. Using our diverse collective expertise, we explored the causes of the event and have placed it within a historical climate context. One key takeaway is that Antarctic climate extremes are highly sensitive to perturbations in the midlatitudes and subtropics. This heat wave redefined our expectations of the Antarctic climate. Despite the rare chance of occurrence based on past climate, a future temperature extreme event of similar magnitude is possible, especially given anthropogenic climate change.

Wille, Jonathan D.↗

X-ray thermal diffuse scattering as a texture-robust temperature diagnostic for dynamically compressed solids

We present a model of x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from a cubic polycrystal with an arbitrary crystallographic texture, based on the classic approach of Warren [B. E. Warren, Acta Crystallogr. 6, 803 (1953)]. We compare the predictions of our model with femtosecond x-ray diffraction patterns gathered from ambient and dynamically compressed rolled copper foils obtained at the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser facility and find that the texture-aware TDS model yields more accurate results than does the conventional powder model owed to Warren. Nevertheless, we further show: with sufficient angular detector coverage, the TDS signal is largely unchanged by sample orientation and in all cases strongly resembles the signal from a perfectly random powder; shot-to-shot fluctuations in the TDS signal resulting from grain-sampling statistics are at the percent level, in stark contrast to the fluctuations in the Bragg-peak intensities (which are over an order of magnitude greater); and TDS is largely unchanged even following texture evolution caused by compression-induced plastic deformation. We conclude that TDS is robust against texture variation, making it a flexible temperature diagnostic applicable just as well to off-the-shelf commercial foils as to ideal powders.

Crystal lattices↗

First search for the weak radiative decays Λ$^+_c$ → Σ + γ and Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ 0 γ

We present the first search for the weak radiative decays Λ$^+_c$ → Σ + γ and Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ 0 γ using a data sample of 980 fb -1 collected by the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. There are no evident Λ$^+_c$ → Σ + γ or Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ 0 γ signals. Taking the decays Λ$^+_c$ → pK - π + and Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ - π + as normalization channels, the upper limits at 90% credibility level on the ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → Σ + γ)/$\mathcal{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK - π + ) < 4.0 x 10 -3 and $\mathcal{B}$(Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ 0 γ)/$\mathcal{B}$(Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ - π + ) < 1.2 x 10 -2 are determined. We obtain the upper limits at 90% credibility level on the absolute branching fractions $\mathcal{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → Σ + γ) < 2.6 x 10 -4 and $\mathcal{B}$(Ξ$^0_c$ → Ξ 0 γ) < 1.8 x 10 -4 .

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Search for X ( 3872 ) → π + π - π 0 at Belle

We present a search for the decay X⁡(3872) → π + ⁢π -⁢ π 0 in the (772 ±11) ×10 6 Y⁡(4⁢S)→B⁢$\overline{B}$ data sample collected at the Belle detector, where the X⁡(3872) is produced in B ± → K ± X⁢⁡(3872) and B 0 →K$^{0}_{S}$X(3872) decays. We do not observe a signal, and set 90% credible upper limits for two different models of the decay processes: if the decay products are distributed uniformly in phase space, $\mathscr{B}$⁡(X⁡(3872) → π + ⁢π -⁢ π 0 )<1.3%, and if M⁡(π + ⁢π - ) is concentrated near the mass of the D 0 ⁢$\overline{D}$ 0 pair in the process X⁡(3872) → D 0 ⁢$\overline{D}$ *0 + c.c. → D 0 ⁢$\overline{D}$ 0 ⁢π 0 → π + ⁢π - π 0 , $\mathscr{B}$⁡⁡(X⁡(3872) → π + ⁢π -⁢ π 0 )<1.2×10 -3 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of differential distributions of B → D*$\ell\bar{v}_{\ell}$ and implications on | V cb |

We present a measurement of the differential shapes of exclusive B → D*$\ell\bar{v}_{\ell}$ (B = B - , $\bar{B}$ 0 and $\ell$ = e, μ) decays with hadronic tag-side reconstruction for the full 711 fb -1 Belle dataset. We extract the Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) and Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed (BGL) form factor parameters and use an external input for the absolute branching fractions to determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element and find |V cb | CLN = (40.2 ± 0.9) x 10 -3 and |V cb | BGL = (40.7 ± 1.0) x 10 -3 with the zero-recoil lattice QCD point $\mathcal{F}$(1) = 0.906 ± 0.013. We also perform a study of the impact of beyond zero-recoil lattice QCD calculations on the |V cb | determinations. Additionally, we present the lepton-flavor universality ratio R eμ = $\mathcal{B}$(B → D*e$\bar{v}$ e )/$\mathcal{B}$(B → D*μ$\bar{v}$ μ ) = 0.993 ± 0.023 ± 0.023, the electron and muon forwardbackward asymmetry and their difference ΔA FB = 0.028 ± 0.028 ± 0.008, and the electron and muon D* longitudinal polarization fraction and their difference ΔF$^{D*}_L$ = 0.030 ± 0.025 ± 0.007. The uncertainties quoted correspond to the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Power-to-Gas Tool: User's Guide

PNNL, working in collaboration with ITM Power and HG&E, has developed a suite of products to support analysis of P2G in Massachusetts. These products include: (a) P2G model that can be accessed at eset.pnnl.gov, (b) P2G system valuation report that describes in detail the methodology underpinning the P2G model and presents the results of 82 scenarios run using the model, and (c) a P2G model user’s guide. This user’s guide accompanies the other products and is designed to simplify the experience of each user, providing useful instructions while guiding users as they input data and interpret results.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

SQuaD: Smart Quantum Detection for Photon Recognition and Dark Count Elimination

Quantum detectors of single photons are an essential component for quantum information processing across computing, communication and networking. Today's quantum detection system, which consists of single photon detectors, timing electronics, control and data processing software, is primarily used for counting the number of single photon detection events. However, it is largely incapable of extracting other rich physical characteristics of the detected photons, such as their wavelengths, polarization states, photon numbers, or temporal waveforms. This work, for the first time, demonstrates a smart quantum detection system, SQuaD, which integrates a field programmable gate array (FPGA) with a neural network model, and is designed to recognize the features of photons and to eliminate detector dark-count. The SQuaD is a fully integrated quantum system with high timing-resolution data acquisition, onboard multi-scale data analysis, intelligent feature recognition and extraction, and feedback-driven system control. Our \name experimentally demonstrates 1) reliable photon counting on par with the state-of-the art commercial systems; 2) high-throughput data processing for each individual detection events; 3) efficient dark count recognition and elimination; 4) up to 100% accurate feature recognition of photon wavelength and polarization. Additionally, we deploy the SQuaD to an atomic (erbium ion) photon emitter source to realize noise-free control and readout of a spin qubit in the telecom band, enabling critical advances in quantum networks and distributed quantum information processing.

Linne, Karl C. [U. Chicago (main)] (ORCID:00090009↗

Search for the decay B s 0 → π 0 π 0 at Belle

We report the results of the first search for the decay B$^{0}_{s}$ → π 0 ⁢π 0 using 121.4 fb -1 of data collected at the Y⁡(5⁢S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + ⁢e - collider. We observe no signal and set a 90% confidence level upper limit of 7.7 ×10 -6 on the B$^{0}_{s}$ → π 0 π 0 decay branching fraction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Measurement of the Michel Parameter ξ ' in the τ - → μ - ν ¯ μ ν τ Decay at Belle

We report the first measurement of the Michel parameter ξ' in the $\tau$ - →μ - ⁢ $\overline{v}$ μ ⁢v $\tau$ decay with a new method proposed just recently. The measurement is based on the reconstruction of the $\tau$ - →μ -⁢ $\overline{v}$ μ v $\tau$ events with subsequent muon decay in flight in the Belle central drift chamber. The analyzed data sample of 988 fb -1 collected by the Belle detector corresponds to approximately 912×10 6 $\tau$ + ⁢$\tau$ - pairs. We measure ξ'=0.22±0.94⁢(stat)±0.42⁢(syst), which is in agreement with the standard model prediction of ξ' =1. Statistical uncertainty dominates in this study, being a limiting factor, while systematic uncertainty is well under control. Our analysis proved the practicability of this promising method and its prospects for further precise measurement in future experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of 𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 branching fraction with a hadronic tagging method at Belle II

We present a measurement of the branching fraction of 𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 decays using 387±6×10 6 ϒ⁡(4⁢𝑆) collected between 2019 and 2022 with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB 𝑒 + ⁢𝑒 − collider. We reconstruct the accompanying 𝐵 − meson using the hadronic tagging method, while 𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 candidates are identified in the recoil. We find evidence for 𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 decays at 3.0 standard deviations, including systematic uncertainties. The measured branching fraction is ℬ⁡(𝐵 + →𝜏 + ⁢𝜈 𝜏 )=[1.24±0.41⁢(stat)±0.19⁢(syst)]×10 −4 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Study of the lineshape of X ( 3872 ) using B decays to D 0 D ¯ * 0 K

We present a study of the X⁡(3872) lineshape in the decay B →X(3872)⁢K →D 0 $\overline{D}$ *0 ⁢K using a data sample of 772 ×10 6 B$\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the Y⁡(4⁢S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e +⁢ e - collider. The peak near the threshold in the D 0 $\overline{D}$ *0 invariant mass spectrum is fitted using a relativistic Breit-Wigner lineshape. We determine the mass and width parameters to be m BW =3873.7⁢1$^{+0.56}_{-0.50⁢}$(stat) ±0.13⁢(syst) MeV/c 2 and Γ BW =5.2$^{+2.2}_{-1.5}$⁢(stat) ±0.4⁢(syst) MeV, respectively. The branching fraction is found to be $\mathscr{B}$⁡(B + → X⁡(3872)⁢K + ) × $\mathscr{B}$⁡(X⁡(3872) → D 0 $\overline{D}$ *0 ) = (0.9⁢7$^{+0.21}_{-0.18}$⁢(stat) ± 0.10⁢(syst)) ×10 -4 . The signal from B 0 decays is observed for the first time with 5.2σ significance, and the ratio of branching fractions between charged and neutral B decays is measured to be $\mathscr{B}$(B 0 → X⁡(3872)⁢K 0 )/$\mathscr{B}$⁡(B + →X⁡(3872)⁢K + ) =1.34$^{+0.47}_{-0.40}$⁢(stat) $^{+0.10}_{-0.12}$⁢(syst). The peak is also studied using a Flatté lineshape. We determine the lower limit on the D 0 $\overline{D}$ * coupling constant g to be 0.075 at 95% credibility in the parameter region where the ratio of g to the mass difference from the D 0 $\overline{D}$ *0 threshold is equal to -15.11 GeV -1 , as measured by LHCb.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Final Report on the Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment at Fermilab to 127 ppb

This report details the final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_μ=(g_μ-2)/2$, by the Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), using positive muons collected from 2021 to 2023. The value of $a_μ$ is determined from the ratio of the anomalous spin precession frequency to the shielded proton precession frequency in the muon storage ring magnetic field, combined with external constants known at the 22 ppb level. The new dataset, containing over $2.5$ times the statistics of our previous results, yields $a_μ=116\,592\,0710(162)\times 10^{-12}$ (139 ppb), or $a_μ=116\,592\,0705(148)\times 10^{-12}$ (127 ppb) when combined with our previous results. The new experimental world average, dominated by the measurements at FNAL, is $a_μ^{\text{Exp}}=116\,592\,0715(145)\times 10^{-12}$ (124 ppb).

Aguillard, D. P. [U. Michigan, Ann Arbor] (ORCID:0↗

First Observation of Λπ + and Λπ - Signals near the $\bar{K}$N⁡(I=1) Mass Threshold in Λ$^+_c$ → Λ⁢π + ⁢π + π - Decay

Using the data sample of 980 fb -1 collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + ⁢e - collider, we present the results of an investigation of the Λ⁢π + and Λ⁢π - invariant mass distributions looking for substructure in the decay Λ$^+_c$ → Λ⁢π + π + π - . We find a significant signal in each mass distribution. When interpreted as resonances, we find for the Λπ + (Λ⁢π - ) combination a mass of 1434.3 ± 0.6⁢(stat) ± 0.9⁢(syst) MeV/c 2 [1438.5 ± 0.9⁢(stat) ± 2.5⁢(syst) MeV/c 2 ], an intrinsic width of 11.5 ± 2.8⁢(stat) ± 5.3⁢(syst) MeV/c 2 [33.0 ± 7.5⁢(stat) ± 23.6⁢(syst) MeV/c 2 ] with a significance of 7.5⁢σ (6.2⁢σ). As these two signals are very close to the $\bar{K}N$ threshold, we also investigate the possibility of a $\bar{K}N$ cusp, and find that we cannot discriminate between these two interpretations due to the limited size of the data sample.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurements of the branching fractions B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + π - ) and B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + K - ) and tests of QCD factorization

Using (771.6 ± 10.6) × 10 6 $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs recorded by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e + e - collider, we report the branching fractions $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ 0 → D* + π - ) = (2.62 ± 0.02 ± 0.09 X 10 -3 and $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ 0 → D* + K - ) = (2.22 ± 0.06 ± 0.08) × 10 -4 ; the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. A measurement of the ratio of these branching fractions is also presented, R K/π = $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ → D* + K - )/ $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ → D* + π - ) = (8.41 ± 0.24 ± 0.13) × 10 -2 , where systematic uncertainties due to the D* + meson reconstruction cancel out. Furthermore, we report a new QCD factorization test based on the measured ratios for $\overline{B}$ → D* + h - and $\overline{B}$ → D* + ℓ - $v$ decays at squared momentum transfer values equivalent to the mass of the h = π or K hadron. The parameters |a 1 (h)| are measured to be |a 1 (π)| = 0.884 ± 0.004 ± 0.003 ± 0.016 and |a 1 (K)| = 0.913 ± 0.019 ± 0.008 ± 0.013, where the last uncertainties account for all external inputs. These values are approximately 15% lower than those expected from theoretical predictions. Subsequently, flavor SU(3) symmetry is tested by measuring the ratios for pions and kaons, |a 1 (K)| 2 /|a 1 (π) 2 | = 1.066 ± 0.042 ± 0.018 ± 0.023, as well as for different particle species. The ratio is consistent with unity and therefore no evidence for SU(3) symmetry breaking effects is found at the 5% precision level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗