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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1979

Mission analysis and performance specification studies report, appendix A

The Near Term Hybrid Passenger Vehicle Development Program tasks included defining missions, developing distributions of daily travel and composite driving cycles for these missions, providing information necessary to estimate the potential replacement of the existing fleet by hybrids, and estimating acceleration/gradeability performance requirements for safe operation. The data was then utilized to develop mission specifications, define reference vehicles, develop hybrid vehicle performance specifications, and make fuel consumption estimates for the vehicles. The major assumptions which underlie the approach taken to the mission analysis and development of performance specifications are the following: the daily operating range of a hybrid vehicle should not be limited by the stored energy capacity and the performance of such a vehicle should not be strongly dependent on the battery state of charge.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2016

Validation Study in SAS4A Code in Simulated Mild TOP Condition

Model improvements and validation efforts for SAS4A code, which is the most advanced computer code for simulating the the primary phase of the Core Disruptive Accident (CDA) of MOX-fueled Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors, have been performed utilizing the experimental data from the CABRI programs by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire), CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) and KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). In order to confirm validity of improved models of SAS4A, a systematic and comprehensive validation plan was defined. It was based on the PIRT (Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table) result for CDA of MOX-fueled fast reactors. The fuel failure position and time are the most important parameters, which dominate the analytical results in a reactor calculation. The failure position will affect the reactivity feedback due to the fuel distribution after failure and consequently would have an effect on the energy release in the initiating phase. This paper describes the preliminary result of validation study for SAS4A code in simulated Transient Over-Power (TOP) condition. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Stochastic Microgrid Scheduling With Chance‐Constrained Resilience Consideration

Traditionally, it is assumed that microgrids transition seamlessly from grid‐connected operation to islanded mode in the event of sudden main grid outages. In reality, the islanding process, especially unintentional islanding, is rarely seamless. Instead, it is subject to voltage and frequency fluctuations caused by the instantaneous disconnection of the point of common coupling (PCC) switch, variations in loads and renewable generation output and even the protection tripping of distributed energy resources (DERs). To mitigate these fluctuations and facilitate a smooth islanding process, we propose a stochastic microgrid scheduling model that incorporates chance‐constrained resilience measures. Specifically, the resilience measure is defined as the probability of successful islanding (PSI), that is, the probability that a microgrid can mitigate the generation‐demand imbalance caused by the disconnection of the PCC switch, variations in load and renewable generation and DER tripping. This measure is modelled using chance constraints. Unlike existing reliability and resilience indices, which typically neglect the possibility of microgrid/DER failure under extreme events and assume their survival while primarily focussing on reducing impact duration or magnitude, the proposed PSI‐based framework explicitly addresses microgrid and DER survival during the islanding transition. The formulated nonlinear chance constraints are approximated using a multiinterval approach and equivalently represented as a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. Case study results validate the proposed method, showing that the PSI estimation error is reduced to less than 8%, compared to approximately 28% with existing methods. Various sensitivity analyses on the DER tripping rate and PSI settings were performed to validate the robustness of the proposed method. In particular, the necessity of accounting for DER tripping in the PSI calculation was demonstrated.

chance constrained optimization↗

DOE OSTI2018

Supporting the Nation's Electric Interconnections through Integration of Water into their Long-Term Transmission Planning.

Water is a critical resource in the production of electric power. The purpose of this plan is to extend support to the nation's three electric interconnections toward integrating water issues into their long-range transmission planning. This continued support is at the request of the interconnections. The proposed program leverages prior support as well as that of other similarly focused efforts funded across the Department of Energy (DOE). The effort will utilize a project team lead by Sandia National Laboratories and supported by Argonne National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The activities recorded here are meant to provide a menu of potential projects that could be implemented as available resources permit.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2016

Dependence of the rate of LiF ion pairing on the description of molecular interaction

We present an analysis of the dynamics of ion-pairing of Lithium Fluoride (LiF) in aqueous solvent using both detailed molecular simulation as well as reduced models within a Gener- alized Langevin Equation (GLE) framework. We explored the sensitivity of the ion-pairing phenomena to the details of descriptions of molecular interaction, comparing two empirical potentials to explicit quantum based density functional theory. We find quantitative differences in the potentials of mean force for ion-pairing as well as time dependent frictions that lead to variations in the rate constant and reactive flux correlation functions. These details reflect differences in solvent response to ion-pairing between different representations of molecular interaction and influence anharmonicity of the dynamic response. We find that the short time anharmonic response is recovered with a GLE parameterization. Recovery of the details of long time response may require extensions to the reduced model. We show that the utility of using a reduced model leads to a straight forward application of variational transition state the- ory concepts to the condensed phase system. The significance of this is reflected in the analysis of committor distributions and the variation of planar hypersurfaces, leading to an improved understanding of factors that determine the rate of LiF ion-pairing. CJM and GKS are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy‘s (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. Pacific Northwest Na- tional Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle. MDB is grateful for the support of Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding under the auspices of PNNL’s Laboratory Initiative Materials Synthesis and Simulation across Scales (MS3). Additional computing resources were generously allocated by PNNL’s Institutional Computing program. EP acknowledges support from PNNL’s Alternate Sponsored Fellowship program and IMPRS Dres- den.Support to P.J. from the Czech Science Foundation (grant P208/12/G016) and the Academy of Sciences (Praemium Academie award) is gratefully acknowledged.

Pluharova, Eva↗

DOE OSTI2017

Evaluation of the Enhanced LEU Fuel (ELF) Design for Conversion of the Advanced Test Reactor to a Low-Enrichment Fuel Cycle

A conceptual low-enrichment uranium (LEU) fuel design has been developed for the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory. The ATR is currently fueled with a high-enrichment fuel but is slated to be converted to LEU under programs led by the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. A conceptual LEU fuel design, the Enhanced LEU Fuel (ELF), has been developed assuming power peaking control through the use of variable fuel meat thicknesses and no use of burnable poison. In initial work, this design was shown to satisfy performance requirements for ATR operation. Following these design calculations, a safety analysis process was initiated to demonstrate that the ELF design would successfully meet safety limits for postulated accident conditions. Those calculations, performed using RELAP5 and ATR-SINDA, require physics analysis to provide spatial power distributions and kinetics parameters for various core operations configurations. Finally, this article describes the findings of the physics analysis and provides predictions for the behavior of a LEU-fueled version of ATR, and compares these to calculations of the performance of the current high-enrichment uranium fuel.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

NASA NTRS1972

Analytical design and performance studies of the nuclear light bulb engine

Analytical studies were conducted to investigate in detail the heat balance characteristics of the nuclear light bulb engine. Distributions of energy deposition to all engine components from the fission process, conduction and convection, and thermal radiation were considered. Where uncertainties in basic data or heat transfer characteristics were encountered, ranges of heat loads were calculated and reference values were selected. The influence of these heat loads on engine performance, space radiator requirements, and cooling sequence and cooling circuit designs was determined. The analyses resulted in revisions to the previously reported reference engine characteristics, principally in the heat loads to some engine components and in the cooling sequence. These revisions were incorporated in the engine dynamics digital computer simulation program. No significant changes occurred in the dynamic response of the engine to perturbations in fuel injection rate, reactivity or exhaust nozzle area.

Rodgers, R. J.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Magnetospheric Atmospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (MAXIE)

This report summarizes the activities sponsored by the Office of Naval Research for the Magnetospheric Atmospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (MAXIE). The MAXIE instrument was developed as a joint activity of Lockheed, The Aerospace Corporation, and the University of Bergen, Norway. Lockheed was responsible for the overall management of the program, interfacing with the appropriate government agencies, the overall electrical and mechanical design, flight software, environmental testing, spacecraft integration activities, on orbit checkout, and data processing activities. The Magnetospheric Atmospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (MAXIE), the ONR 401 experiment, is the first in a new class of satellite-borne remote sensing instruments. The primary innovation is the ability to obtain rapid, sequential, images with high sensitivity of the earth's X ray aurora from a low altitude polar orbiting satellite. These images can be used to identify dynamic temporal variations in the three-dimensional (energy and position) distribution of electron precipitation into the atmosphere. MAXIE was launched on the TIROS NOAA-13 satellite on 9 August 1993. The experiment performed well during its turn-on sequence; however, the spacecraft bus failed on 21 August 1993. New spacebased technologies successfully used in MAXIE were mixed-mode ASIC microcircuits, a zero torque scanning system with associated viscoelastic damping, a paraffin stow release mechanism, a parallel integrating PHA processor, a low noise Si(Li) sensor telescope, and an advanced thermal cooling system. MAXIE's on orbit operation, control of penetrating particle backgrounds, and scientific data indicated good overall performance.

Imhof, W. L.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Scaling Innovative Approaches Within U.S. Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program

In this interactive workshop, attendees will hear from Grantees and Subgrantees of the U.S. Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP), that have implemented innovative methods, materials and approaches in their weatherization program. Attendees will have the opportunity to exchange ideas and share their own stories and perspectives in breakout groups. Attendees will also learn how their state and agency may be able to work with the National Renewable Energy Lab and Oak Ridge National Lab on WAP-funded pilot projects to scale innovative methods throughout the WAP network.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,POWER TRANSMI↗

DOE OSTI2019

Adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained economic dispatch considering wind power uncertainty

This paper proposes an adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained (ADRCC) optimal power flow (OPF) model for economic dispatch considering wind power forecasting uncertainty. The proposed ADRCC-OPF model is distributionally robust because the uncertainties of the wind power forecasting are represented only by their first- and second-order moments instead of a specific distribution assumption. The proposed model is adjustable because it is formulated as a second-order cone programming (SOCP) model with an adjustable coefficient. This coefficient can control the robustness of the chance constraints, which may be set up for the Gaussian distribution, symmetrically distributional robustness, or distributionally robust cases considering wind forecasting uncertainty. The conservativeness of the ADRCC-OPF model is analyzed and compared with the actual distribution data of wind forecasting error. The system operators can choose an appropriate adjustable coefficient to tradeoff between the economics and system security.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

City and County Solar PV Training Program, Module 1: Goal Setting and Clarification

This module will help attendees understand nuances between different types of renewable energy goals, the importance of terminology when setting and announcing goals, the value of formally clarifying priorities, and how priorities may impact procurement options. It is the first training in a series intended to help municipal staff procure solar PV for their land and buildings.

100% renewable↗

DOE OSTI2017

Photon structure studied at an electron ion collider

We report that a future electron ion collider (EIC) will be able to provide collisions of polarized electrons with protons and heavy ions over a wide range of center-of-mass energies (20 GeV to 140 GeV) at an instantaneous luminosity of 10 33 - 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . One of its promising physics programs is the study of the partonic structure of quasireal photons. Measuring dijets in quasireal photoproduction events, one can effectively access the underlying parton dynamics of the photons. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of tagging resolved photon processes and measuring the dijet cross section as a function of jet transverse momentum in the range of 0.01 < x$rec\atop{γ}$ < 1 at an EIC. Finally, it will be shown that both unpolarized and polarized parton distributions in the photon can be extracted, and that the flavor of the parton can be tagged at an EIC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2018

The P2 experiment: A future high-precision measurement of the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer

Here we describe the research and development work for the P 2 experiment which aims for a high precision determination of the weak mixing angle sin 2 θ W to a precision of 0.15% at a four-momentum transfer of 4.5×10 –3 GeV 2 . This accuracy, comparable to existing measurements at the Z pole, allows for a sensitive test of the Standard Model up to a mass scale of 50 TeV, extendable to 60 TeV. The weak mixing angle is connected to the weak charge of the proton which will be extracted from a measurement of the parity violating cross section asymmetry –39.94×10 –9 in elastic electron-proton scattering. A total accuracy of 0.57×10 –9 is achievable in a measurement time of 11000 h using a 150μA polarized electron beam impinging on a 60 cm liquid hydrogen target. The P 2 asymmetry is smaller than any asymmetry measured so far in electron scattering with an unprecedented goal for the accuracy. The use of a solenoid spectrometer with 100% Φ-acceptance as well as an atomic hydrogen trap polarimeter are new features, which have never before been used in parity-violation experiments. In order to collect the enormous statistics required for this measurement, the new Mainz Energy-Recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) is under construction. Plans for the associated beam control system and the polarimetry are described in this article as well. A liquid hydrogen high-power target with an extremely low noise level of 10 ppm needs to be designed and constructed. We report in addition on the conceptual design of the P 2 spectrometer, its Cherenkov detectors, the integrating read-out electronics as well as the ultra-thin, fast tracking detectors. The physics program of the MESA facility comprises indirect, high precision search for physics beyond the Standard Model, measurement of the neutron distribution in nuclear physics, single-spin asymmetries, and a possible future extension to the measurement of hadronic parity violation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2019

Background and Roadmap for a Distributed Computing and Data Ecosystem

The drivers for using distributed computing and data resources are emerging from many science domains and have been documented through several recent Department of Energy (DOE) workshop reports. The increased usage and availability of geographically distributed computing and storage resources also highlight the need for easy-to-use tools and procedures that can support the paradigm of distributed computing and data management transparently. Aiming to meet each laboratory’s programmatic needs, a variety of computing resources are available throughout the DOE complex under various access policies, operating systems, and hardware configurations. However, today no straightforward mechanisms or policies exist for a given researcher or group of researchers to easily access resources at different locations across the DOE laboratory system. At the same time, DOE research programs have supported the research and development of technologies and tools that could enable researchers to access distributed data and computing resources globally. Academic and industry activities have also developed mechanisms for the distributed federation of resources. We observe that such existing capabilities can be harnessed to create mechanisms that enable researchers to work seamlessly across facilities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2019

Economics of Solar with Storage for Municipal Buildings in the City of Orlando [Slides]

This analysis was conducted under the first round of the Solar Energy Innovation Network (SEIN), which is a program led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The program assembles diverse teams of stakeholders to research solutions to real-world challenges associated with solar energy adoption. This analysis supported the efforts of the Orlando: Renewable and Resilient SEIN team, which consists of the City of Orlando, Orlando Utility Commission, University of Central Florida's Solar Energy Center, and the Greenlink Group. The City of Orlando aims to deploy solar and solar-plus-storage to support energy resiliency, environmental quality, and the continued affordability of the electricity supply. The team's efforts include identifying the total solar potential available city-wide, conducting more detailed analysis for municipal facilities and distribution grid modeling, and gathering insights on municipal-level solar policies and building guidelines to share with other municipalities. This analysis supports the team's work by analyzing the techno-economic potential of solar photovoltaics (PV) and lithium-ion battery energy storage at 14 municipal sites in the City of Orlando.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Blueprint for Integrating Grid-Interactive Efficient Building (GEB) Technologies into U.S. General Services Administration Performance Contracts

This document provides recommended strategies for increasing implementation of grid-interactive efficient building (GEB) measures in federal performance contracts. This document outlines distributed energy resource screening processes, contractual considerations for GEB technologies within performance contracts, and guidance for integration of GEB analysis procedures and technologies into each phase of a performance contract.

ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION,↗

DOE OSTI2024

Gamma Source Verification for GAMSRC and GAMSOR

Nuclear reactors that rely upon the fission reaction have two modes of thermal energy deposition in the reactor system: neutron absorption and gamma absorption. The gamma rays are typically generated by neutron capture reactions or during the fission process which means the primary driver of energy production is of course the neutron interactions. The GAMSOR program was first built in the mid 1980s to properly account for the gamma heating in an operating reactor core on core internals. The GAMSOR code is sequence of DIF3D calculations to compute the neutron and gamma flux and combine them to define both the neutron and gamma heating throughout the modeled domain. The goal of this manuscript is to present the software verification of GAMSOR. The first step of the GAMSOR sequence of calculations involves of a modified version of DIF3D (called DIF3D-GAMSOR) which generates a gamma source distribution for the follow-on DIF3D gamma transport calculation (step 2). This modified version of DIF3D increases the burden of maintenance and verification work on GAMSOR as one must reverify the DIF3D capabilities which is undesirable. Because the calculation of the gamma source is the only unique aspect of GAMSOR beyond the regular DIF3D capabilities, that part was put in a standalone code called GAMSRC such that one can use the verified DIF3D code in step 1 followed by GAMSRC to carry out the same GAMSOR calculation step. As a consequence, this manuscript is focused on verification of the gamma source files generated by GAMSRC. The verification of the modified version of DIF3D (DIF3D-GAMSOR) will be done less rigorously in that it will be verified that it produces the same output that GAMSRC does and thus GAMSRC is equivalent to GAMSOR on the problems studied here. Hand calculations and independent numerical calculations of the gamma source generation are used for the verification work. This work follows the same methodology of GAMSRC. As expected, the results agree well with those calculated by GAMSRC as will be shown.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Gamma Source Verification for GAMSRC and GAMSOR

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗