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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Energy technology roll-out for climate change mitigation: A multi-model study for Latin America

In this paper we investigate opportunities for energy technology deployment under climate change mitigation efforts in Latin America. Through several carbon tax and CO 2 abatement scenarios until 2050 we analyze what resources and technologies, notably for electricity generation, could be cost-optimal in the energy sector to significantly reduce CO 2 emissions in the region. By way of sensitivity test we perform a cross-model comparison study and inspect whether robust conclusions can be drawn across results from different models as well as different types of models (general versus partial equilibrium). Given the abundance of biomass resources in Latin America, they play a large role in energy supply in all scenarios we inspect. This is especially true for stringent climate policy scenarios, for instance because the use of biomass in power plants in combination with CCS can yield negative CO 2 emissions. We find that hydropower, which today contributes about 800 TWh to overall power production in Latin America, could be significantly expanded to meet the climate policies we investigate, typically by about 50%, but potentially by as much as 75%. According to all models, electricity generation increases exponentially with a two- to three-fold expansion between 2010 and 2050.Wefind that in our climate policy scenarios renewable energy overall expands typically at double-digit growth rates annually, but there is substantial spread in model results for specific options such as wind and solar power: the climate policies that we simulate raise wind power in 2050 on average to half the production level that hydropower provides today, while they raise solar power to either a substantially higher or a much lower level than hydropower supplies at present, depending on which model is used. Also for CCS we observe large diversity in model outcomes, which reflects the uncertainties with regard to its future implementation potential as a result of the challenges this CO 2 abatement technology experiences. The extent to which different mitigation options can be used in practice varies greatly between countries within Latin America, depending on factors such as resource potentials, economic performance, environmental impacts, and availability of technical expertise. We provide concise assessments of possible deployment opportunities for some low-carbon energy options, for the region at large and with occasional country-level detail in specific cases.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of deformation twinning under complex stress states in a rolled magnesium alloy

We employed a specially designed semi-circular notch specimen in the current study to generate the various strain conditions, including uniaxial, biaxial, shear, and plane strains, which was utilized to explore the evolution of different deformation twinning systems under complex loading conditions. We found that when using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping method, that the extensive double twins were activated during loading, while nearly no extension twinning activity was detected. After the formation of {10.1} and {10.3} compression twins, they transformed into {10.1}-{10.2} and {10.3}-{10.2} double twins instantaneously at the early stage of deformation. The lattice strain evolutions in different hkls were mapped at selected load levels during the loading-unloading sequence. Finally, the relationship between the macroscopic straining and microscopic response was established.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗