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At least 1,135 records · Page 63

Materials Data on Nb2GaNi3 by Materials Project

Nb2Ni3Ga crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb, nine equivalent Ni, and three equivalent Ga atoms. There are one shorter (2.96 Å) and three longer (2.99 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. There are three shorter (2.77 Å) and six longer (2.87 Å) Nb–Ni bond lengths. All Nb–Ga bond lengths are 2.88 Å. Ni is bonded to six equivalent Nb, four equivalent Ni, and two equivalent Ga atoms to form NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent GaNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent GaNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.38 Å) and two longer (2.54 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. Both Ni–Ga bond lengths are 2.43 Å. Ga is bonded to six equivalent Nb and six equivalent Ni atoms to form GaNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent GaNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent GaNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent NiNb6Ga2Ni4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6GaGe by Materials Project

Nb6GaGe crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Ga, and two equivalent Ge atoms. There are one shorter (2.54 Å) and one longer (2.64 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Ga bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Both Nb–Ge bond lengths are 2.89 Å. Ga is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form GaNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent GaNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent GeNb12 cuboctahedra. Ge is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form GeNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent GeNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent GaNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6SiGe by Materials Project

Nb6GeSi crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Ge, and two equivalent Si atoms. There are one shorter (2.53 Å) and one longer (2.62 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Ge bond lengths are 2.89 Å. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.87 Å. Ge is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form GeNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent GeNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent SiNb12 cuboctahedra. Si is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form SiNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent SiNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent GeNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ba5Nb3O3F20 by Materials Project

Ba5Nb3O3F20 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ba sites. In the first Ba site, Ba is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and nine F atoms. There are one shorter (2.79 Å) and one longer (2.93 Å) Ba–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Ba–F bond distances ranging from 2.75–3.01 Å. In the second Ba site, Ba is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven F atoms. There are a spread of Ba–F bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.02 Å. In the third Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve F atoms to form distorted BaF12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent NbOF6 pentagonal bipyramids and faces with two equivalent BaF12 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.64 Å) and six longer (3.10 Å) Ba–F bond lengths. Nb is bonded to one O and six F atoms to form NbOF6 pentagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent BaF12 cuboctahedra. The Nb–O bond length is 1.78 Å. There are a spread of Nb–F bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.14 Å. O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ba and one Nb atom. There are five inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded to four Ba atoms to form a mixture of face and corner-sharing FBa4 tetrahedra. In the second F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ba and one Nb atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ba and one Nb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Ba and one Nb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Ba and one Nb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb4SiTe4 by Materials Project

Nb4SiTe4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Nb4SiTe4 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. there are four inequivalent Nb3+ sites. In the first Nb3+ site, Nb3+ is bonded to two equivalent Si4- and four Te2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing NbSi2Te4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–68°. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.63 Å. There are a spread of Nb–Te bond distances ranging from 2.85–2.94 Å. In the second Nb3+ site, Nb3+ is bonded to two equivalent Si4- and four Te2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing NbSi2Te4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–68°. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.63 Å. There are a spread of Nb–Te bond distances ranging from 2.85–2.94 Å. In the third Nb3+ site, Nb3+ is bonded to two equivalent Si4- and four Te2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing NbSi2Te4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–68°. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.64 Å. There are two shorter (2.85 Å) and two longer (2.94 Å) Nb–Te bond lengths. In the fourth Nb3+ site, Nb3+ is bonded to two equivalent Si4- and four Te2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing NbSi2Te4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–68°. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.63 Å. There are two shorter (2.85 Å) and two longer (2.94 Å) Nb–Te bond lengths. Si4- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Nb3+ and two equivalent Si4- atoms. Both Si–Si bond lengths are 2.44 Å. There are four inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Nb3+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Nb3+ atoms. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Nb3+ atoms. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Nb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NbVRe by Materials Project

NbVRe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fmm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Nb, four equivalent V, and four equivalent Re atoms. There are four shorter (2.76 Å) and two longer (3.13 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.75 Å) and two longer (3.20 Å) Nb–V bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.78 Å) and two longer (3.23 Å) Nb–Re bond lengths. V is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb and two equivalent Re atoms. Both V–Re bond lengths are 2.56 Å. Re is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb and two equivalent V atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6PtAu by Materials Project

Nb6PtAu crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Pt, and two equivalent Au atoms. There are one shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Pt bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Both Nb–Au bond lengths are 2.93 Å. Pt is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form PtNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent PtNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent AuNb12 cuboctahedra. Au is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form AuNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent AuNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent PtNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6PdPt by Materials Project

Nb6PtPd crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Pt, and two equivalent Pd atoms. There are one shorter (2.58 Å) and one longer (2.62 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Pt bond lengths are 2.90 Å. Both Nb–Pd bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Pt is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form PtNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent PtNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent PdNb12 cuboctahedra. Pd is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form PdNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent PdNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent PtNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6PdRh by Materials Project

Nb6RhPd crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Rh, and two equivalent Pd atoms. There are one shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.62 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Rh bond lengths are 2.90 Å. Both Nb–Pd bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Rh is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form RhNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent RhNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent PdNb12 cuboctahedra. Pd is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form PdNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent PdNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent RhNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb3Si2 by Materials Project

Nb3Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mbm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nb+2.67+ sites. In the first Nb+2.67+ site, Nb+2.67+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Si4- atoms. All Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.66 Å. In the second Nb+2.67+ site, Nb+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six equivalent Si4- atoms. There are two shorter (2.60 Å) and four longer (2.70 Å) Nb–Si bond lengths. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Nb+2.67+ and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.44 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb6SiSn by Materials Project

Nb6SnSi crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb, two equivalent Sn, and two equivalent Si atoms. There are one shorter (2.53 Å) and one longer (2.71 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. Both Nb–Sn bond lengths are 2.95 Å. Both Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Sn is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form SnNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent SnNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent SiNb12 cuboctahedra. Si is bonded to twelve equivalent Nb atoms to form SiNb12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent SiNb12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent SnNb12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb2Ni3Ge by Materials Project

Nb2Ni3Ge is Hexagonal Laves-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb, nine equivalent Ni, and three equivalent Ge atoms. There are one shorter (2.95 Å) and three longer (2.99 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. There are three shorter (2.79 Å) and six longer (2.87 Å) Nb–Ni bond lengths. All Nb–Ge bond lengths are 2.88 Å. Ni is bonded to six equivalent Nb, four equivalent Ni, and two equivalent Ge atoms to form NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent GeNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent GeNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.39 Å) and two longer (2.52 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. Both Ni–Ge bond lengths are 2.43 Å. Ge is bonded to six equivalent Nb and six equivalent Ni atoms to form GeNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent GeNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent GeNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent NiNb6Ni4Ge2 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na11TiNb2Si4P2(O12F)2 by Materials Project

Na11TiNb2Si4P2(O12F)2 is Esseneite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.96 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to seven O2- and one F1- atom to form distorted NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids, a cornercorner with one TiO4F2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NaO4F2 octahedra, a cornercorner with one NaO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one NaO4 tetrahedra, and edges with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–69°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.90 Å. The Na–F bond length is 2.37 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO7F hexagonal bipyramid, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NaO7F hexagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.45 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent TiO4F2 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent NaO4F2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.65 Å. In the fifth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.69 Å. In the sixth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form NaO4F2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent TiO4F2 octahedra, and edges with four NaO4F2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–61°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.63 Å. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) Na–F bond lengths. Ti4+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form TiO4F2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six NaO4F2 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.06 Å) Ti–O bond lengths. Both Ti–F bond lengths are 2.00 Å. Nb+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NbO6 octahedra that share corners with three NaO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–61°. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–2.27 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO4F2 octahedra, corners with two NaO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one NaO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–62°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.68 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO4F2 octahedra, corners with two NaO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one NaO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NaO7F hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 28–69°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.67 Å. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO7F hexagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra, and corners with three equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.59 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Nb+4.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Nb+4.50+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Na1+ and one Nb+4.50+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Nb+4.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Nb+4.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to three Na1+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Na1+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Na1+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Na1+, one Nb+4.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nb2SiNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Nb2Si is Hexagonal Laves-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nb, nine equivalent Ni, and three equivalent Si atoms. There are one shorter (2.93 Å) and three longer (2.96 Å) Nb–Nb bond lengths. There are three shorter (2.76 Å) and six longer (2.84 Å) Nb–Ni bond lengths. All Nb–Si bond lengths are 2.85 Å. Ni is bonded to six equivalent Nb, four equivalent Ni, and two equivalent Si atoms to form NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SiNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent SiNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.40 Å) and two longer (2.47 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. Both Ni–Si bond lengths are 2.40 Å. Si is bonded to six equivalent Nb and six equivalent Ni atoms to form SiNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent SiNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent SiNb6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent NiNb6Si2Ni4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ti(NbS2)3 by Materials Project

Ti(NbS2)3 is Ilmenite-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_322 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti4+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form TiS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve NbS6 pentagonal pyramids and faces with two equivalent NbS6 pentagonal pyramids. All Ti–S bond lengths are 2.47 Å. There are two inequivalent Nb+2.67+ sites. In the first Nb+2.67+ site, Nb+2.67+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form distorted NbS6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six equivalent TiS6 octahedra and edges with six equivalent NbS6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. All Nb–S bond lengths are 2.50 Å. In the second Nb+2.67+ site, Nb+2.67+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form distorted NbS6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with three equivalent TiS6 octahedra, edges with six NbS6 pentagonal pyramids, and a faceface with one TiS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. There are three shorter (2.50 Å) and three longer (2.51 Å) Nb–S bond lengths. S2- is bonded to one Ti4+ and three Nb+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing STiNb3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Computational discovery of a novel double transition metal nitride MXene and its applications as an anchoring and catalytic material in Li–Se batteries

Double transition metal (DTM) nitride MXenes offer enhanced electrical conductivity and tunable catalytic properties compared to conventional carbide-based MXenes. In this study, we employed first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to discover and computationally validate a novel DTM nitride MXene, Nb 2 TiN 2 , derived from its MAX phase precursor and investigated its potential as an anchoring material (AM) for Li–Se batteries. This newly proposed MXene expands the compositional landscape of DTM nitrides and opens new avenues for functional material design. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic and electronic properties of Nb 2 TiAlN 2 , and the MAX phase precursor to Nb 2 TiN 2 to assess its structural stability and exfoliation potential. Exfoliation energy calculations confirmed the feasibility of synthesizing Nb 2 TiN 2 from Nb 2 TiAlN 2 . We then explored the functionalized form, Nb 2 TiN 2 S 2 , evaluating its capability to serve as an effective anchoring material (AM) in Li–Se batteries by analyzing the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the selenium reduction reaction (SeRR). Our results indicate that Nb 2 TiN 2 S 2 exhibits a strong binding affinity for lithium polyselenides (Li 2 Se n ), effectively suppressing the shuttle effect. Gibbs free energy calculations for the rate-limiting step of the SeRR reveal favorable kinetics and reduced reaction barriers. Overall, this study provides a detailed evaluation of the structural and electronic properties of a newly proposed DTM nitride MXene and its S-functionalized derivative and the catalyzing effect of Nb 2 TiN 2 S 2 in accelerating the reaction kinetics in Li–Se batteries. These findings underscore the potential importance of the further exploration of MXenes to address current challenges in high-performance Li–Se batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

Traffic safety analysis and model updating for freeways using Bayesian method

Freeway crash prediction models are the basic of traffic safety research, yet crash occurrence and the influencing factors change over time. In order to make sure the implemented safety models fit the current traffic environment, this study conducts a comparative analysis of 2017 and 2020 datasets collected from freeways in Suzhou, China. Herein, considering the spatial correlation among analysis units and the hierarchical data structure, a Bayesian conditional autoregressive negative binomial (CAR-NB) model and a Bayesian hierarchical CAR-NB (HCAR-NB) model were used to explore the safety influencing factors, and a traditional NB model was developed for further comparison. To update the HCAR-NB model from 2017 to 2020, Bayesian inference with informative priors was used to improve its goodness of fit and efficiency. Preliminary results showed that 1) the HCAR-NB model outperformed the NB model and CAR-NB model in prediction accuracy, and 2) the number of crashes was significantly correlated with average speed, speed variance, road segment length, number of lanes, and presence of ramps. The potential for safety improvement (PSI) method was applied to the modeling results to identify hotspots for the two years. The results confirmed that the hotspots spatiotemporally shifted among the freeways. The proposed crash prediction model and updating method are expected to assist implementation of informed countermeasures for freeway safety improvement.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Evidence for current suppression in superconductor–superconductor bilayers

Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, which are critical components in many particle accelerators, need to be operated in the Meissner state to avoid strong dissipation from magnetic vortices. For a defect-free superconductor, the maximum attainable magnetic field for operation is set by the superheating field, B sh , which directly depends on the surface current. In heterostructures composed of different superconductors, the current in each layer depends not only on the properties of the individual material, but also on the electromagnetic response of the adjacent layers through boundary conditions at the interfaces. Three prototypical bilayers [Nb 1–x Ti x N (50 nm)/Nb, Nb 1–x Ti x N (80 nm)/Nb, and, Nb 1–x Ti x N (160 nm)/Nb] are investigated here by depth-resolved measurements of their Meissner screening profiles using low energy muon spin rotation (LE-µSR). From fits to a model based on London theory (with appropriate boundary and continuity conditions), a magnetic penetration depth for the thin Nb 1–x Ti x N layers of λ Nb 1–x Ti x N = 182.5(31) nm is found, in good agreement with literature values for the bulk alloy. Using the measured λ Nb 1–x Ti x N , the maximum vortex-free field, B max , of the superconductor-superconductor (SS) bilayer structure was estimated to be 610(40) mT. The strong suppression of the surface current in the Nb 1–x Ti x N layer suggests an optimal thickness of ~ 1.4λ Nb 1–x Ti x N = 261(14) nm.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗