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At least 1,135 records · Page 63

Rare and Experimentally Challenging Supersymmetry Signatures

Supersymmetry has long played a central role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model at colliders, providing a comprehensive and internally consistent framework for generating well-motivated experimental signatures. For more than 15 years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operation, the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations have achieved remarkable sensitivity to a wide range of supersymmetric signatures. Despite this unprecedented reach, no conclusive evidence for supersymmetry has emerged. If supersymmetry is nature's solution to outstanding questions in particle physics, it is necessarily challenging to find. In this article, we review supersymmetric signatures that are particularly rare or otherwise challenging, with a focus on searches at the LHC. We highlight experimental challenges related to detector constraints and analysis difficulties, in addition to model challenges in the interpretation and optimization of searches. Here, we also identify regions of signature space that remain comparatively unconstrained and therefore represent promising targets for future exploration.

Large Hadron Collider↗

Forward silicon vertex/tracking detector design and R$\&$D for the future Electron-Ion Collider

The proposed high-luminosity high-energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will provide a clean environment to precisely study several fundamental questions in the fields of high-energy and nuclear physics . A low material budget and high granularity silicon vertex/tracking detector is critical to carry out a series of hadron and jet measurements at the future EIC especially for the heavy flavor product reconstruction or tagging. The conceptual design of a proposed forward silicon tracking detector with the pseudorapidity coverage from 1.2 to 3.5 has been developed in integration with different magnet options and the other EIC detector sub-systems. The tracking performance of this detector enables precise heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements in the hadron beam going direction. The detector R&D for the proposed silicon technology candidates: Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) and radiation hard depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MALTA), which can provide good spatial and timing resolutions, is underway. Bench test results of the LGAD and MALTA prototype sensors will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Baryonic Higgs and dark matter

We discuss the correlation between dark matter and Higgs decays in gauge theories where the dark matter is predicted from anomaly cancellation. In these theories, the Higgs responsible for the breaking of the gauge symmetry generates the mass for the dark matter candidate. We investigate the Higgs decays in the minimal gauge theory for Baryon number. After imposing the dark matter density and direct detection constraints, we find that the new Higgs can have a large branching ratio into two photons or into dark matter. Furthermore, we discuss the production channels and the unique signatures at the Large Hadron Collider.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Quark-sector Lorentz violation in Z-boson production

Quark-sector Lorentz violation is studied in the context of Drell-Yan dilepton production including effects from Z -boson exchange. We show the chiral nature of the weak interactions enables parity-violating and spin-dependent effects to be studied using unpolarized initial states. Constraints are placed on dimensionless and CPT-even coefficients for Lorentz violation for the first two generations of quarks using measurements from the Large Hadron Collider.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Deconfinement and Hadron Resonance Gas for Heavy Quarks

Here, I discuss the deconfinement transition in (2+1) flavor QCD in terms of Polyakov loops as well as the hadron resonance gas for hadrons containing static quarks and charm quarks.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Understanding parton evolution in matter from renormalization group analysis

We perform a renormalization group (RG) analysis of collinear hadron production in deep inelastic scattering on nuclei. We consider the limit where the parent parton energy E is large, while the medium opacity remains small. We identify the fixed order and leading enhanced medium contributions to the semi-inclusive cross sections and derive RG equations that resum multiple emissions near the endpoints of the splitting functions at first order in opacity. These evolution equations treat the same type of radiation enhancement in matter as the modified Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi approach, but differ in the way one regulates the collinear divergences. They provide a unique analytic insight into the problem of resummation and a faster and more efficient path to phenomenology. The new RG evolution framework is applied to study fragmentation in eA reactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Towards a general subtraction formula for NNLO QCD corrections to processes at hadron colliders: final states with quarks and gluons

We describe the calculation of integrated subtraction terms in the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme for hadron collider processes with quarks and gluons, thereby extending the results presented in ref. [1]. Although this extension eventually proves to be straightforward, it requires a more careful treatment of certain collinear limits to achieve a compact and physically-transparent final result. We also show that the cancellation of infrared divergences can be organized in such a way that, once soft contributions are removed, it occurs independently for each of the external partons. We consider these results to be important stepping stones on the way to deriving finite remainders of the integrated subtraction terms for fully-general hadron collider processes in the context of the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme.

NNLO calculations↗

On the feasibility of future colliders: report of the Snowmass'21 Implementation Task Force

Colliders are essential research tools for particle physics. Numerous future collider proposal were discussed in the course of the US high energy physics community strategic planning exercise Snowmass'21. The Implementation Task Force (ITF) has been established to evaluate the proposed future accelerator projects for performance, technology readiness, schedule, cost, and environmental impact. Corresponding metrics has been developed for uniform comparison of the proposals ranging from Higgs/EW factories to multi-TeV lepton, hadron and ep collider facilities, based on traditional and advanced acceleration technologies. Here, this article describes the metrics and approaches, and presents evaluations of future colliders performed by the ITF.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Non-perturbative renormalization scheme for the C P -odd three-gluon operator

We define a regularization-independent momentum-subtraction scheme for the C P -odd three-gluon operator at dimension six. This operator appears in effective field theories for heavy physics beyond the Standard Model, describing the indirect effect of new sources of C P -violation at low energies. In a hadronic context, it induces permanent electric dipole moments. The hadronic matrix elements of the three-gluon operator are non-perturbative objects that should ideally be evaluated with lattice QCD. We define a non-perturbative renormalization scheme that can be implemented on the lattice and we compute the scheme transformation to \( \overline{\mathrm{MS}} \) at one loop. Our calculation can be used as an interface to future lattice-QCD calculations of the matrix elements of the three-gluon operator, in order to obtain theoretically robust constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model from measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Calculating fluctuations and self-correlations numerically for causal charge diffusion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Here, we study the propagation and diffusion of electric charge fluctuations in the Bjorken hydrodynamic model with both white and Catteneo noise using purely numerical methods. We show that a lattice of noise fluctuations is required to fully calculate the two-point correlators of charge. We introduce a numerical procedure to solve the stochastic differential equations that arise from the charge conservation equation on the lattice event by event. We explicitly identify the self-correlation term in the case of Catteneo noise and provide a physical interpretation. We provide a numerical recipe to remove this contribution from the full two-point correlators. Finally, we calculate the balance functions for charged hadrons. By limiting the speed of signal propagation, we observe the expected narrowing of the balance functions after removing the self-correlations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Fabrication of Silicon Sensors Based on Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes are a recently-developed class of silicon sensors. Characterized by an internal moderate gain that enhances the signal amplitude and if built on thin silicon substrates of a few tens of microns, they feature fast signals and exhibit excellent timing performance. Thanks to their fast timing they are planned to be exploited in timing detectors in High-Energy Physics experiments, for example for the upgrades of the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN. However, to achieve a spatially uniform multiplication a large pixel pitch is needed, preventing a fine spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, the AC-coupled LGAD approach was introduced. In this type of device, metal electrodes are placed over an insulator at a fine pitch, and signals are capacitively induced on these electrodes. The fabrication technology is similar for the two LGAD families, although a fine tuning of a few process parameters needs to be carefully studied. Other R&D efforts towards detectors that can simultaneously provide good time and spatial resolution, based on the LGAD concept, are under way. These efforts aim also to mitigate the loss of performance at high irradiation fluences due to the acceptor removal within the gain layer. In this paper we describe the main points in the fabrication of LGADs and AC-LGADs in a clean-room. We also discuss novel efforts carried on related topics.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Illuminating all-hadronic final states with a photon: Exotic decays of the Higgs boson to four bottom quarks in vector boson fusion plus gamma at hadron colliders

We investigate the potential to detect Higgs boson decays to four bottom quarks through a pair of pseudoscalars, a final state that is predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model. For the first time, the signal sensitivity is evaluated for the final state using the vector boson fusion (VBF) production with and without an associated photon, for the Higgs at m H = 125 GeV , at hadron colliders. The signal significance is 0.5 σ to 6 σ , depending on the pseudoscalar mass m a , when setting the Higgs decay branching ratio to unity, using an integrated luminosity of 150 fb − 1 at s = 13 TeV . This corresponds to an upper limit of 0.3, on the Higgs branching ratio to four bottom quarks, with a nonobservation of the decay. We also consider several variations of selection requirements—input variables for the VBF tagging and the kinematic variables for the photon—that could help guide the design of new triggers for the Run-3 period of the LHC and for the HL-LHC. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗