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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1990

Sunlight Diffusing Tent for Lunar Worksite

The purpose is to provide a solution to problems astronauts encounter with sunlight on the lunar surface. Due to the absence of an atmosphere the Moon is subjected to intense sunlight creating problems with color and contrast. This problem can be overcome by providing a way to reduce intensity and diffuse the light in a working environment. The solution to the problem utilizes an umbrella, tent-like structure covered with a diffusing material. The design takes into account structural materials, stresses, fabrics, and deployment.

Burleson, Blair↗
NASA NTRS1989

Spatial and spectral features of soft diffuse X ray background seen by the Einstein observatory

A survey of the diffuse soft X-ray background as seen directly by the Einstein Observatory Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) is presented. A source free region of the detector 1 by 1 degree field is used. The background in the 0.16 to 3.5 keV spectral region is viewed. The data covers roughly 5 percent of the sky, with some bias in coverage towards the galactic plane. The moderate energy resolution of the IPC enables the characterization and the production of maps of the background as a function of energy within the Einstein passband. The results are compared with previous observations of the diffuse X-ray background. The implications for galactic structure and for the soft component of the extragalactic X-ray background are discussed.

Micela, G.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A technique to measure the thermal diffusivity of high T(sub c) superconductors

High T(sub c) superconducting electrical current leads and ground straps will be used in cryogenic coolers in future NASA Goddard Space Flight Center missions. These superconducting samples will be long, thin leads with a typical diameter of two millimeters. A longitudinal method is being developed to measure the thermal diffusivity of candidate materials for this application. This technique will use a peltier junction to supply an oscillatory heat wave into one end of a sample and will use low mass thermocouples to follow the heat wave along the sample. The thermal diffusivity will be calculated using both the exponential decay of the heat wave and the phase shift of the wave. Measurements will be done in a cryostat between 10 K and room temperature.

Powers, Charles E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Accurate determination of specific heat at high temperatures using the flash diffusivity method

The flash diffusivity method of Parker et al. (1961) was used to measure accurately the specific heat of test samples simultaneously with thermal diffusivity, thus obtaining the thermal conductivity of these materials directly. The accuracy of data obtained on two types of materials (n-type silicon-germanium alloys and niobium), was + or - 3 percent. It is shown that the method is applicable up to at least 1300 K.

Vandersande, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Calculations of the flow properties of a confined diffusion flame

A finite element algorithm for the computation of confined, axisymmetric, turbulent diffusion flames is developed. The mean mixture properties were obtained by three methods based on diffusion flame concept: without using a probability density function (PDF), with a double-delta PDF, and with a beta PDF. A comparison is made for the combustion models, and the effect of turbulence on combustion are discussed.

Kim, Yongmo↗
NASA NTRS1990

A numerical simulation of the flow in the diffuser of the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel

The flow in the diffuser section of the Icing Research Tunnel at the NASA Lewis Research Center is numerically investigated. To accomplish this, an existing computer code is utilized. The code, known as PARC3D, is based on the Beam-Warming algorithm applied to the strong conservation law form of the complete Navier-Stokes equations. The first portion of the paper consists of a brief description of the diffuser and its current flow characteristics. A brief discussion of the code work follows. Predicted velocity patterns are then compared with the measured values.

Addy, Harold E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A diffusion source for sodium and potassium in the atmospheres of Mercury and the moon

Deep grain-boundary diffusion and regolith diffusion through a fractured crust and regolith can account not only for the Na/K ratios observed in the Mercurian and lunar atmospheres, but the large Na abundance enhancement of Mercury over lunar levels. A hot component of Na and K at Mercury is noted to be smaller in proportion to the total abundances of these two constituents than at the moon; this hot component is consistent with a population of meteoritic substances similar to lunar ones, as well as with a surface composition which has undergone no greater K depletion than that of the moon.

Sprague, Ann L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Atoms in carbon cages as a source of interstellar diffuse lines

A model to describe the resonance absorption lines of various atoms trapped in closed carbon cages is presented. These systems may be responsible for some of the as yet unexplained diffuse interstellar bands. Model potentials for possible atom-C60 systems are obtained and used to calculate the resonance lines. The trapped atoms considered are O, N, Si, Mg, Al, Na, and S, and in all cases the resonance lines are shifted toward the red as compared to the isolated atoms. The calculated wavelengths are compared to the range of wavelengths observed for the diffuse interstellar bands, and good agreement is found for Mg and Si resonance lines. Other lines may be caused by other than resonance transitions or by trapped molecules. The oscillator strengths and the abundances are evaluated and compared with observation. Mechanisms to explain the observed band width of the lines and the existence of certain correlated pairs of lines are discussed.

Ballester, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Hydrogen permeation, diffusion and solubility in IN-100 and Waspaloy

An attempt has been made to determine the permeation rate of hydrogen in IN-100 and Waspaloy by determining the evolution rate of hydrogen from a closed capsule of the test materials. Enclosed vanadium hydride was the source of hydrogen in the capsule. The presentation discusses the treatment of data and assesses the validity of the techniques in permeation measurement. In addition to permeation experiments, the solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in IN-100 and Waspaloy were also determined. For hydrogen diffusion in Waspaloy, Delta H was 38.5 kJ and D(0) was 0.0026 sq cm/sec. For IN-100, Delta H was 68.2 kJ and D(0) was 0.059 sq cm /sec. Both IN-100 and Waspaloy exhibited limited solubility of hydrogen at pressures up to 340 atmospheres hydrogen.

Khan, A. S.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Measurements in an annular combustor-diffuser system

Results of three-component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) measurements in an annular combustor-diffuser system are presented in this paper. The LDV measurements were made at several locations in the prediffuser and dump regions of the combustor-diffuser test rig for three different inlet velocity profiles. The prediffuser average inlet Mach number was maintained at 0.305 during these tests. The LDV data are compared with predictions obtained from a boundary-fitted, two-dimensional elliptic analytical model. The agreement between the LDV data and the predicted results is very good for mean velocities. However, measured turbulence intensities are higher than the predicted values in the region adjacent to the prediffuser walls.

Srinivasan, R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Parametric evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of an annular combustor-diffuser system

This study experimentally determined the effects of dominant geometric and flow parameters on the aerodynamic performance of an annular combustor-diffuser system. For each parametric configuration, data were obtained at 13 different flow rates through the inner annulus, outer annulus, and combustor dome. The parametric effects investigated included the dump gap dimension, flow splits, prediffuser inlet velocity profile, and combustor channel height. During these measurements, the average prediffuser inlet Mach number was 0.305. The measured static pressure recovery coefficient and the total pressure loss coefficient in the prediffuser as well as the overall system are presented in this paper. The study found that the performance of the combustor-diffuser system improves with increasing dome flow rate or dump gap dimension.

Srinivasan, R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Fabrication and evaluation of enhanced diffusion bonded titanium honeycomb core sandwich panels with titanium aluminide face sheets

A joining process was developed for fabricating lightweight, high temperature sandwich panels for aerospace applications using Ti-14Al-21Nb face sheets and Ti-3Al-2.5V honeycomb core. The process, termed Enhanced Diffusion Bonding (EDB), relies on the formation of a eutectic liquid through solid-state diffusion at elevated temperatures and isothermal solidification to produce joints in thin-gage titanium and titanium aluminide structural components. A technique employing a maskant on the honeycomb core was developed which permitted electroplating a controlled amount of EDB material only on the edges of the honeycomb core in order to minimize the structural weight and metallurgical interaction effects. Metallurgical analyses were conducted to determine the interaction effects between the EDB materials and the constituents of the sandwich structure following EDB processing. The initial mechanical evaluation was conducted with butt joint specimens tested at temperatures from 1400 - 1700 F. Further mechanical evaluation was conducted with EDB sandwich specimens using flatwise tension tests at temperatures from 70 - 1100 F and edgewise compression tests at ambient temperature.

Hoffmann, E. K.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Theory of finite disturbances in a centrifugal compression system with a vaneless radial diffuser

A previous small perturbation analysis of circumferential waves in circumferential compression systems, assuming inviscid flow, is shown to be consistent with observations that narrow diffusers are more stable than wide ones, when boundary layer displacement effect is included. The Moore-Greitzer analysis for finite strength transients containing both surge and rotating stall in axial machines is adapted for a centrifugal compression system. Under certain assumptions, and except for a new second order swirl, the diffuser velocity field, including resonant singularities, can be carried over from the previous inviscid linear analysis. Nonlinear transient equations are derived and applied in a simple example to show that throttling through a resonant value of flow coefficient must occur in a sudden surge-like drop, accompanied by a transient rotating wave. This inner solution is superseded by an outer surge response on a longer time scale. Surge may occur purely as result of circumferential wave resonance. Numerical results are shown for various parametric choices relating to throttle schedule and the characteristic slope. A number of circumferential modes considered simultaneously is briefly discussed.

Moore, F. K.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Correlation properties of interstellar dust: Diffuse interstellar bands

Results are presented from a research program in which an attempt was made to establish the physical nature of the interstellar grains, and the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands, by comparing relations between different observed properties; the properties used include the extinction in the optical and ultraviolet (including wavelength 2200 and the far-UV rise), cloud density, atomic depletions, and strengths of the diffuse bands. Observations and also data from literature were used, selecting particularly sight-lines where some observed property was found to have anomalous behavior.

Somerville, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A comparative study of performance parameters of n(+)-p InP solar cells made by closed-ampoule sulfur diffusion into Cd- and Zn-doped p-type InP substrates

Preliminary results indicate that Cd-doped substrates are better candidates for achieving high efficiency solar cells fabricated by closed-ampoule sulfur (S) diffusion than Zn-doped substrates. The differences in performance parameters (i.e., 14.3 percent efficiency for Cd-doped vs. 11.83 percent in the case of Zn-doped substrates of comparable doping and etch pit densities) were explained in terms of a large increase in dislocation density as a result of S diffusion in the case of Zn-doped as compared to Cd-doped substrates. The In(x)S(y) and probably Zn(S) precipitates in the case of Zn-doped substrates, produce a dead layer which extends deep below the surface and strongly affects the performance parameters. It should be noted that the cells had an unoptimized single layer antireflective coating of SiO, a grid shadowing of 6.25 percent, and somewhat poor contacts, all contributing to a reduction in efficiency. It is believed that by reducing the external losses and further improvement in cell design, efficiencies approaching 17 percent at 1 AMO, 25 degrees should be possible for cells fabricated on these relatively high defect density Cd-doped substrates. Even higher efficiencies, 18 to 19 percent should be possible by using long-lifetime substrates and further improving front surface passivation. If solar cells fabricated on Cd-doped substrates turn out to have comparable radiation tolerance as those reported in the case of cells fabricated on Zn-doped substrates, then for certain space missions 18 to 19 percent efficient cells made by this method of fabrication would be viable.

Faur, Mircea↗
NASA NTRS1991

Analysis and interpretation of diffuse x-ray emission using data from the Einstein satellite

An ambitious program to create a powerful and accessible archive of the HEAO-2 Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) database was outlined. The scientific utility of that database for studies of diffuse x ray emissions was explored. Technical and scientific accomplishments are reviewed. Three papers were presented which have major new scientific findings relevant to the global structure of the interstellar medium and the origin of the cosmic x ray background. An all-sky map of diffuse x ray emission was constructed.

Helfand, David J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Report 9: Summary report to phase 3 faculty and student respondents including frequency distributions

This project is designed to explore the diffusion of scientific and technical information (STI) throughout the aerospace industry. The increased international competition and cooperation in the industry promises to significantly affect the STI standards of U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists. Therefore, it is important to understand the aerospace knowledge diffusion process itself and its implications at the individual, organizational, national, and international levels. Examined here is the role of STI in the academic aerospace community.

Pinelli, Thomas E.↗