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Evolutionary relationships among shell proteins of carboxysomes and metabolosomes
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are self-assembling prokaryotic organelles which encapsulate enzymes within a polyhedral protein shell. Additionally, the shells are comprised of only two structural modules, distinct domains that form pentagonal and hexagonal building blocks, which occupy the vertices and facets, respectively. As all BMC loci encode at least one hexamer-forming and one pentamer-forming protein, the evolutionary history of BMCs can be interrogated from the perspective of their shells. Here, we discuss how structures of intact shells and detailed phylogenies of their building blocks from a recent phylogenomic survey distinguish families of these domains and reveal clade-specific structural features. These features suggest distinct functional roles that recur across diverse BMCs. For example, it is clear that carboxysomes independently arose twice from metabolosomes, yet the principles of shell assembly are remarkably conserved.
Analysis of the interdependent relationship between porosity, deformation, and crack growth during compression loading of LPBF AlSi10Mg
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On the origin of stress-strain relationships, the evaluation of softening coefficients, and mechanistic models for work hardening
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A systematic approach to identify initiating events and its relationship to Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Demonstrated on the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment
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Inhalation: A means to explore and optimize nintedanib's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship
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Spatiotemporal patterns of phenological metrics and their relationships with environmental drivers in grasslands
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Investigation of the orientation relationship between nano-sized G-phase precipitates and austenite with scanning nano-beam electron diffraction using a pixelated detector
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Relationship between self-efficacy and language proficiency: A meta-analysis
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Relationship between manual air valve positioning, water quality and energy usage in activated sludge processes
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Revealing the structure-property relationships of amorphous carbon tribofilms on platinum-gold surfaces
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Coupling relationship of the non-ideal parallel mechanism using modified Craig-Bampton method
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Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurised milk and relationship to changes in state laws – United States, 1998–2018
Consumption of unpasteurised milk in the United States has presented a public health challenge for decades because of the increased risk of pathogen transmission causing illness outbreaks. We analysed Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System data to characterise unpasteurised milk outbreaks. Using Poisson and negative binomial regression, we compared the number of outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses between jurisdictions grouped by legal status of unpasteurised milk sale based on a May 2019 survey of state laws. During 2013–2018, 75 outbreaks with 675 illnesses occurred that were linked to unpasteurised milk; of these, 325 illnesses (48%) were among people aged 0–19 years. Of 74 single-state outbreaks, 58 (78%) occurred in states where the sale of unpasteurised milk was expressly allowed. Compared with jurisdictions where retail sales were prohibited (n = 24), those where sales were expressly allowed (n = 27) were estimated to have 3.2 (95% CI 1.4–7.6) times greater number of outbreaks; of these, jurisdictions where sale was allowed in retail stores (n = 14) had 3.6 (95% CI 1.3–9.6) times greater number of outbreaks compared with those where sale was allowed on-farm only (n = 13). This study supports findings of previously published reports indicating that state laws resulting in increased availability of unpasteurised milk are associated with more outbreak-associated illnesses and outbreaks.