SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “example”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Preservation of strain in iron nitride magnet

A permanent magnet may include a Fe 16 N 2 phase in a strained state. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes etching an iron nitride-containing workpiece including Fe 16 N 2 to introduce texture, straining the workpiece, and annealing the workpiece. In some examples, strain may be preserved within the permanent magnet by a technique that includes applying at a first temperature a layer of material to an iron nitride-containing workpiece including Fe 16 N 2 , and bringing the layer of material and the iron nitride-containing workpiece to a second temperature, where the material has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the iron nitride-containing workpiece. A permanent magnet including an Fe 16 N 2 phase with preserved strain also is disclosed.

Wang, Jian-Ping↗

DOE OSTI2022

Phosphonated polymers, and methods of production thereof, for use as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and/or catalyst ionomeric binders for electrodes in PEM fuel cells

The present disclosure provides phosphonated polymers that can be used, for example, as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and/or catalyst ionomeric binders for electrodes in PEM fuel cells, and more particularly for high-temperature PEM fuel cells. High-temperature PEM fuel cells that use phosphonated polymers of the present disclosure suffer from reduced or no acid leaching because, in at least some examples, phosphonic acid moieties are covalently bound to the backbone of the polymers. A phosphonated polymer include a backbone having one or more aromatic monomers, with each aromatic monomer having one or more phosphonic acid groups. A phosphonic acid group may include phosphonic acid or a functional group that is hydrolysable into phosphonic acid.

Park, Eun Joo↗

DOE OSTI2022

Nanometer scale nonvolatile memory device and method for storing binary and quantum memory states

Example implementations include an electronic memory device with a metallic layer having a first planar crystalline structure, a first encapsulating layer including an encapsulating material having a second planar crystalline structure, and disposed adjacent to a first planar surface of the metallic layer, and a second encapsulating layer including the encapsulating material, and disposed adjacent to a second planar surface of the metallic layer. Example implementations also include a method of depositing graphite crystals onto a substrate to form a gate bottom layer, depositing BN crystals onto the graphite bottom layer to form a BN bottom layer, depositing tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) crystals onto the BN bottom layer to form a metallic layer, depositing the BN crystals onto the BN bottom layer and the metallic layer to form a BN top layer, and depositing the graphite crystals onto the BN top layer to form a gate top layer.

Xiao, Jun↗

DOE OSTI2022

Coated fiber optic chemical and radiation sensors

Distributed fiber optic chemical and radiation sensors formed by coating the fibers with certain types of response materials are provided. For distributed chemical sensors, the coatings are reactive with the targets; the heat absorbed or released during a reaction will cause a local temperature change on the fiber. For distributed radiation sensors, coating a fiber with a scintillator enhances sensitivity toward thermal neutrons, for example, by injecting light into the fiber. The luminescent components in these materials are taken from conjugated polymeric and oligomeric dyes, metal organic frameworks with sorbed dyes, and two-photon-absorbing semiconductors. The compositions may exhibit strong gamma rejection. Other scintillators combining luminescent materials with neutron converters are available. With a multiple-layer coating, it may be possible to identify the presence of both neutrons and gamma rays, for example. Coatings may be applied during manufacture or in the field.

Lamberti, Vincent E.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Power system load flexibility forecasting

The example embodiments are directed to a system and method for forecasting load flexibility of a power grid. In one example, the method includes receiving temperature values associated with temperature set points of a plurality of loads that are included on a power grid, forecasting a flexibility of the plurality of loads using a polynomial-time mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimization based on the received temperature values for the plurality of loads, and outputting information about the forecasted flexibility for display to a display device. The MINLP optimization performs the forecasting of the load flexibility on a fine-grained basis in comparison to conventional methods and is still fast enough that it can be computed in real-time.

Genc, Sahika↗

DOE OSTI2021

Cybersecurity concerns for the energy sector in the maritime domain

The world has seen a number of high-profile maritime disasters in recent months and years, and has felt the impact of them. At the same time, the world has also seen a number of high-profile cyberattacks. It has felt their impact, as well. And, likely no sector has been more affected by the maritime and cyber incidents than the energy sector, as fuel prices often spike or trough, and access to energy resources can become an instant source of concern, tension, or even conflict. As energy sectors—in all their forms—continue to rely on the maritime domain or even increase that reliance, they must be mindful that traditional maritime threats—like piracy, theft, and weather events—are not the only threats they face today. Maritime cybersecurity concerns are among the most potentially disruptive to energy-sector interests and, yet, are among the least understood and least addressed. This paper identifies nine areas in which the energy sector faces harmful cyber vulnerabilities in the maritime domain, to provide enough insight and examples to allow for action to be taken to reduce the risk of harm from these different vulnerabilities. The paper develops the example of offshore wind energy to model how to assess cyber considerations more fully. Ultimately, it concludes with a series of recommendations that offer policymakers, energy-sector actors, and security and law-enforcement professionals steps to minimize the exposure of the maritime energy sector to harmful cyberattacks.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Impact of Variable Gas Mixtures on Bubble Size Distribution and Mass Transfer in Gas Fermentation Reactors

Gas fermentation has emerged as a promising new technology for the generation of fuels and chemicals from mixtures of greenhouse and energy rich gas streams (CO2/CH4/H2/CO) via microbial bioreaction. Example pathways include biomethanation (CO2/H2 to CH4), biogas upgrading, CO fermentation and wet-waste conversion. Effective Gas-liquid mass-transfer is an important physical phenomenon that determines the design and scale-up of these systems. There is currently a knowledge-gap regarding bubble-size distributions when using a mixture of gases with vastly different properties, which can have a significant impact on overall mass-transfer. For example, hydrogen bubbles are more buoyant compared to other relatively heavier gases (CO2/CH4/CO), resulting in a large distribution of residence times and bubble sizes. This work therefore develops a deeper understanding of bubble dynamics and interphase mass transfer in such heterogenous gas mixtures through well-resolved computational models. We use a detailed multiphase computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model to study the impact of gas-mixtures on overall mass-transfer in bubble column and air-lift reactors. The CFD tool previously developed by the authors (1) for simulating aerobic fermentation reactors at scale is used in this study. The Reynolds-averaged mass, momentum, energy, and species transport equations are solved for interpenetrating gas and liquid phase in this model. We use a population balance-based bubble-size-distribution model that is validated against small-scale experiments in our solver. Results pertaining to multiple simulations of gas-fermentation reactors are presented where gas mixtures with varying compositions of CO2/CH4/CO/H2 are imposed at the sparger boundaries. The spatio-temporal variations in bubble-size distribution and mass transfer coefficient is analyzed for varying superficial velocities and gas-compositions for varying sizes of bubble-column and airlift reactors.

BIOMASS FUELS,MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

ASME BPVC Section III Division 5 Application

Using AMSE assessments Simplified assessment overview Implementation Limitation and important considerations Example problems Full Assessment overview Implementation Limitation and important considerations Example problems Limitation of the code

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Graphite Oxidation Modeling

Oxidation modeling importance ASME consideration Effect on graphite properties Model Overview Numerical Model Oxidation Diffusion Reaction Kinetics Model Parameterization Example problems Editing the model Simple problem example Conclusions Coupling to stress analysis Oxidation result analysis

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Gain balanced nonlinear optical interferometer

A nonlinear fiber interferometer is disclosed suitable for fiber sensor and other applications. A first nonlinear fiber section amplifies probe and conjugate sidebands of a pump through four-wave mixing. A second section introduces a phase shift to be measured, for example from a sensor. A third nonlinear fiber section amplifies with phase-sensitive gain to increase signal-to-noise ratio. Based on phase-sensitive output power of probe and/or conjugate components, the phase shift can be measured. Superior performance can be obtained by balancing gain between the (first and third) nonlinear sections. Non-fiber, for example photonic integrated circuit, embodiments are disclosed. Differential sensing, alternative detection schemes, sensing applications, associated methods, and other variations are disclosed.

Lukens, Joseph M.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Roll-to-roll slot die coating method to create interleaving multi-layered films with chemical slurry coatings

An improved method for manufacturing a continuous self-healing barrier film is provided. The method includes slot-die coating opposing sides of a separator substrate with a curing agent slurry and a curable resin slurry using a single-sided coating line or a tandem coating line. The method also includes sequentially interleaving inner and outer protective layers via a continuous roll-to-roll process to create a multi-layered barrier film. The barrier film can optionally be formed into a barrier envelope, and an insulating core material can be inserted into the barrier envelope to define an enclosure. Evacuating and sealing the enclosure along a perimeter of the barrier envelop forms a self-healing vacuum insulation panel with excellent properties for use as a building material and in refrigeration systems, for example. The barrier film can alternatively be used in the manufacture of tires, roofing, cargo containers, food packaging, and pharmaceutical packaging, for example.

Biswas, Kaushik↗

DOE OSTI2022

Wireless power transfer to biomedical implants

Various examples are provided for wireless power transfer to implants. In one example, a system includes a radio frequency (RF) power source and a transmitter (TX) array comprising an excitation coil and resonant coils distributed about the excitation coil. The TX array can transfer power from the RF power source to a biomedical implant inserted below a skin surface of a subject when the TX array is positioned on the skin surface adjacent to the biomedical implant. A receiver (RX) coil of the biomedical implant can inductively couple with the TX array for the power. The resonant coils can allow power transfer when the RX coil is not aligned with the excitation coil.

Lin, Jenshan↗

DOE OSTI2023

Physical Security Timeline Analysis in Support of Advanced Reactor Demonstration and Deployment

This report presents the regulatory requirements and directions on the physical security of advanced nuclear reactors in USA. Presently, a rule is being proposed that allows for a performance-based analysis. In determining the physical security requirements for an advanced reactor, new tools may be desired to conduct a performance-based analysis. These tools should incorporate dynamic analysis methods to provide as much realism as possible. In comparison, the security requirements for existing light water reactors (LWRs) are much more prescriptive and the analysis conducted to establish the required physical security strategies were more easily performed with static analysis. In order to achieve the cost goals that advanced reactors require for adoption; the nuclear security force required should not be excessive. Dynamic physical security analysis methods and tools have been developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program. This report details how the dynamic risk analysis tools developed in the LWRS program using the dynamic risk modelling tool, EMRALD, may be adapted for use in analyzing the physical security designs for advanced reactors accounting for variable performance-based requirements. This report provides an example analysis of a hypothetical SFR using publicly available information and generic assumptions to demonstrate the methods and potential presentation and analysis of the results. No actual plant information is used in this example analysis. Future work in this area will create additional models that can be adapted for any advanced reactor concept and use various security features to create a physical security system that provides adequate protection from radiological theft and sabotage.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Thermostable haloarchaeal inorganic pyrophosphatase

The invention pertains to a PPA from a microorganism belonging to the family Halobacteriaceae (HPPA), for example, a PPA from Haloferax volcanii. The HPPA provided by the invention is soluble, thermostable and active at high concentrations of salt and/or organic solvent. An embodiment of the invention provides a method of increasing the rate of a reaction by adding an HPPA to the reaction mixture, wherein the reaction produces PPi, for example, an enzymatic reaction, and wherein the reaction is carried out at moderately high temperature and/or low water activity. Further embodiments of the invention provide an assay to detect the PPi released during a reaction which produces PPi by adding an HPPA to convert the PPi in to Pi and measuring the resultant Pi. The invention further pertains to an assay to monitor a reaction which produces PPi in the presence or the absence of an HPPA.

Maupin-Furlow, Julie A.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Anomaly forecasting and early warning generation

The example embodiments are directed to a system and method for forecasting anomalies in feature detection. In one example, the method includes storing feature behavior information of at least one monitoring node of an asset, including a normalcy boundary identifying normal feature behavior and abnormal feature behavior for the at least one monitoring node in feature space, receiving input signals from the at least one monitoring node of the asset and transforming the input signals into feature values in the feature space, wherein the feature values are located within the normalcy boundary, forecasting that a future feature value corresponding to a future input signal from the at least one monitoring node is going to be positioned outside the normalcy boundary based on the feature values within the normalcy boundary, and outputting information concerning the forecasted future feature value being outside the normalcy boundary for display.

Abbaszadeh, Masoud↗

DOE OSTI2023

Method and apparatus for providing thermal wear leveling

Exemplary embodiments provide thermal wear spreading among a plurality of thermal die regions in an integrated circuit or among dies by using die region wear-out data that represents a cumulative amount of time each of a number of thermal die regions in one or more dies has spent at a particular temperature level. In one example, die region wear-out data is stored in persistent memory and is accrued over a life of each respective thermal region so that a long term monitoring of temperature levels in the various die regions is used to spread thermal wear among the thermal die regions. In one example, spreading thermal wear is done by controlling task execution such as thread execution among one or more processing cores, dies and/or data access operations for a memory.

Roberts, David A.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Preservation of strain in iron nitride magnet

Wang, Jian-Ping↗

DOE OSTI2023

Optical array for high-quality imaging in harsh environments

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for producing high quality images in uncontrolled or impaired environments. In some examples of the disclosed technology, groups of cameras for high dynamic range (HDR), polarization diversity, and optional other diversity modes are arranged to concurrently image a common scene. For example, in a vehicle checkpoint application, HDR provides discernment of dark objects inside a vehicle, while polarization diversity aids in rejecting glare. Spectral diversity, infrared imaging, and active illumination can be applied for better imaging through a windshield. Preprocessed single-camera images are registered and fused. Faces or other features of interest can be detected in the fused image and identified in a library. Impairments can include weather, insufficient or interfering lighting, shadows, reflections, window glass, occlusions, or moving objects.

Baba, Justin S.↗