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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,117 records · Page 62
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Engineered plant biomass particles coated with bioactive agents

Plant biomass particles coated with a bioactive agent such as a fertilizer or pesticide, characterized by a length dimension (L) aligned substantially parallel to a grain direction and defining a substantially uniform distance along the grain, a width dimension (W) normal to L and aligned cross grain, and a height dimension (H) normal to W and L. In particular, the L.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel side surfaces characterized by substantially intact longitudinally arrayed fibers, the W.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel end surfaces characterized by crosscut fibers and end checking between fibers, and the L.times.W dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Engineered plant biomass particles coated with biological agents

Plant biomass particles coated with a biological agent such as a bacterium or seed, characterized by a length dimension (L) aligned substantially parallel to a grain direction and defining a substantially uniform distance along the grain, a width dimension (W) normal to L and aligned cross grain, and a height dimension (H) normal to W and L. In particular, the L.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel side surfaces characterized by substantially intact longitudinally arrayed fibers, the W.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel end surfaces characterized by crosscut fibers and end checking between fibers, and the L.times.W dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION STUDY OF A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE COLLABORATION NETWORK

One of the most significant problems in organizational scholarship is to discern how social collectives govern, organize, and coordinate the actions of individuals to achieve collective outcomes. The collectives are usually interpreted as complex adaptive systems (CAS). The understanding of CAS is more likely to arise with the help of computer-based simulations. In this tutorial, using agent-based modeling approach, a complex adaptive social communication network model is introduced. The objective is to present the underlying dynamics of the system in a form of computer simulation that enables analyzing the impacts of various mechanisms on network topologies and emergent behaviors. The ultimate goal is to further our understanding of the dynamics in the system and facilitate developing informed policies for decision-makers.

Ozmen, Ozgur↗
DOE OSTI2012

Anti-cancer agents based on 6-trifluoromethoxybenzimidazole derivatives and method of making

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds having the structural Formulas (1a,1b), stereoisomers, tautomers, racemics, prodrugs, metabolites thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof as chemotherapy agents for treating of cancer, particularly androgen-independent prostate cancer. The disclosure also relates to methods for preparing said compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Stabilization of green bodies via sacrificial gelling agent during electrophoretic deposition

In one embodiment, a method for electrophoretic deposition of a three-dimensionally patterned green body includes suspending a first material in a gelling agent above a patterned electrode of an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) chamber, and gelling the suspension while applying a first electric field to the suspension to cause desired patterning of the first material in a resulting gelation. In another embodiment, a ceramic, metal, or cermet includes a plurality of layers, wherein each layer includes a gradient in composition, microstructure, and/or density in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the plurality of layers along a predetermined distance in a z-direction perpendicular to the plane of deposition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Molecular predictors of therapeutic response to specific anti-cancer agents

Herein is described the use of a collection of 50 breast cancer cell lines to match responses to 77 conventional and experimental therapeutic agents with transcriptional, proteomic and genomic subtypes found in primary tumors. Almost all compounds produced strong differential responses across the cell lines produced responses that were associated with transcriptional and proteomic subtypes and produced responses that were associated with recurrent genome copy number abnormalities. These associations can now be incorporated into clinical trials that test subtype markers and clinical responses simultaneously.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

System and method for controlling depth of imaging in tissues using fluorescence microscopy under ultraviolet excitation following staining with fluorescing agents

The present disclosure relates to a method for analyzing tissue specimens. In one implementation the method involves obtaining a tissue sample and exposing the sample to one or more fluorophores as contrast agents to enhance contrast of subcellular compartments of the tissue sample. The tissue sample is illuminated by an ultraviolet (UV) light having a wavelength between about 200 nm to about 400 nm, with the wavelength being selected to result in penetration to only a specified depth below a surface of the tissue sample. Inter-image operations between images acquired under different imaging parameters allow for improvement of the image quality via removal of unwanted image components. A microscope may be used to image the tissue sample and provide the image to an image acquisition system that makes use of a camera. The image acquisition system may create a corresponding image that is transmitted to a display system for processing and display.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Path scanning for the detection of anomalous subgraphs and use of DNS requests and host agents for anomaly/change detection and network situational awareness

A system, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented method are provided for detecting anomalous behavior in a network. Historical parameters of the network are determined in order to determine normal activity levels. A plurality of paths in the network are enumerated as part of a graph representing the network, where each computing system in the network may be a node in the graph and the sequence of connections between two computing systems may be a directed edge in the graph. A statistical model is applied to the plurality of paths in the graph on a sliding window basis to detect anomalous behavior. Data collected by a Unified Host Collection Agent ("UHCA") may also be used to detect anomalous behavior.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

LiF dissolution by anion-binding-agent in LiCF x battery systems: Lower ohmic and interfacial resistance.

In this paper we will discuss our preliminary thermal and electrochemical data aimed at developing a robust nonflammable Li-CFx cell capable of wide temperature operation. To accomplish this goal, we are evaluating a thermally stable solvent comprised of an anion binding agent (ABA) and lithium fluoride (LiF), typically at a 1:1 molar ratio. In conventional carbonate based electrolytes, ABA is soluble while LiF remains insoluble. However, the neutral ABA solubilizes LiF and forms a salt complex represented as Li+(ABAF-). We are exploiting this unique feature and apply this strategy to CFx chemistry to improve cell performance, due to the CFx cell chemistry generating LiF as discharge product. Continuous solvation of the salt mixture during discharge allows for utilization of electrolytes initially containing sub stoichiometric amount of LiF. The practical benefits are reduced cell weight, mitigation of electrode fouling, and consequently better low temperature performance. Electrolytes containing dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), 1M tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFB) and varying concentrations of LiF (1M; 0.5M and 0.1M) were prepared and characterized for ionic conductivity and voltage stability. In general, ionic conductivity decreases with decreasing LiF concentration. The room temperature conductivity for the DMMP 1M TPFB:1M LiF is ~ 9mS/cm and ~3mS/cm for the 1M TPFB:0.1M LiF. Unlike the conductivity, the electrochemical voltage stability did not vary substantially with LiF concentration and the electrolytes showed a stable voltage window in the range 0-3.5V vs. Li + /Li, which is substantially wider than the Li-CFx cell voltage. Flammability measurement performed at our thermal abuse facility demonstrated that the electrolyte was nonflammable. Discharge performance of CFx materials obtained from several vendors was evaluated in 2032 coin cells at room temperature. Experimental results demonstrate a reduction in ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance during discharge for a cell containing lower concentrations of added LiF compared to ABA. These observations are a direct demonstration that the unbound ABA in the electrolyte dissolves the LiF generated in the discharge reaction.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Antimicrobial agents from microbial genomes

We describe a method for mining microbial genomes to discover antimicrobial genes and proteins having broad spectrum of activity. Also described are antimicrobial genes and their expression products from various microbial genomes that were found using this method. The products of such genes can be used as antimicrobial agents or as tools for molecular biology.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

On the modeling and agent-based simulation of a cooperative group anagram game

Anagram games (i.e., word construction games in which players use letters to form words) have been researched for some 60 years. Games with individual players are the subject of over 20 published investigations. Moreover, there are many popular commercial anagram games such as Scrabble. Recently, cooperative team play of anagram games has been studied experimentally. With all of this experimental work and the popularity of such games, it is somewhat surprising that very little modeling of anagram games has been done to predict player behavior/actions in them. We devise a cooperative group anagram game and develop an agent-based modeling and simulation framework to capture player interactions of sharing letters and forming words. Our primary goals are to understand, quantitatively predict, and explain aggregate group behavior, through simulations, to inform the design of a group anagram game experimental platform.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Demonstrate Mobility Energy Productivity Benefit of Intelligent Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Design Using Agent-Based Models

In this project, we seek to understand the impact of EV charging availability and charging behavior on regional travel demand, as well as the reciprocal impact of travel demand on the deployment of additional EV chargers, through simulation analysis. The focus on computational efficiency and extensibility in the development of the POLARIS and BEAM agent-based simulation engines allow for the efficient extension to Electric-Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and grid interaction simulation. Simulation systems for analyzing interactions between vehicle charging and travel demand have previously been implemented, but generally involve simplified representations of traveler behavior, vehicle energy consumption or both.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Path scanning for the detection of anomalous subgraphs and use of DNS requests and host agents for anomaly/change detection and network situational awareness

A system, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented method are provided for detecting anomalous behavior in a network. Historical parameters of the network are determined in order to determine normal activity levels. A plurality of paths in the network are enumerated as part of a graph representing the network, where each computing system in the network may be a node in the graph and the sequence of connections between two computing systems may be a directed edge in the graph. A statistical model is applied to the plurality of paths in the graph on a sliding window basis to detect anomalous behavior. Data collected by a Unified Host Collection Agent (“UHCA”) may also be used to detect anomalous behavior.

Neil, Joshua Charles↗
DOE OSTI2019

Protein-based nanobubble x-ray imaging method and agent

Systems, compositions, methods and kits employ protein shells, such as ferritin or viral capsid shells, herein called nanobubbles, to enhance X-ray images of cells or body tissue under certain x-ray imaging methods. The nanobubbles have sub-micron size such as about 10 nm, about 40, 60, or 100 nm and may be functionalized for effective delivery to or uptake by a target tissue, in vivo or a cell culture. The nanobubbles are hollow, having a central core which may be empty or contain a fluid, such that the shells effectively form long-lived bubbles in the imaged environment, and are of low electron density and have different scattering properties than the surrounding tissue. X-ray imaging by spatial frequency heterodyne imaging enhances visualization or detection of tissue regions bearing the shells. The protein shells may be further treated to assure biocompatibility and/or to resist undesired interactions with non-targeted tissue, such as scavenging by the liver, or attack by the immune system. For example the nanobubbles may be filled with a hydrophobic gas such as perfluoropropane (octafluoropropane) to maintain their shape and resist hydrophilic interactions and delay the degradation of the protein shells. The nanobubbles may also be coated or treated by a surface-functionalization processes to effectively target specific tissues or tumor types, allow parenteral delivery, and/or deliver drugs or other agents to the imaged sites—so that when visualized by X-ray scatter imaging the presence of the nanobubbles indicates the existence and extent of the tumor or diseased tissue.

Rose-Petruck, Christoph↗
DOE OSTI2020

Transactive Electric Water Heater Agent: Design and Performance Evaluation

Electric water heaters (EWHs) are usually equipped with inbuilt thermostats to measure water temperature near the installed positions. Most of the existing EWHs have only two thermostats and often do not have water flow sensor installed. Estimation of state of heat energy (SOHE) inside the hot water tank, which is crucial for efficient control and operation of the EWH, under such imperfect system conditions is very challenging. This paper, therefore, designs a transactive EWH agent (TEWHA) to better estimate SOHE in presence of measurement errors and imperfect system knowledge. The TEWHA, built-in Python, approximates the EWH physics using limited measurements obtained from the ground truth GridLABD model. The performance of the TEWHA is validated against ground truth system for three scenarios: a) ideal condition where TEWHA has complete knowledge of the system, b) imperfect condition where TEWHA has incomplete system information, and c) noised condition where TEWHA measurements contain random errors. Finally, an optimization problem is formulated and solved to demonstrate how TEWHA could use the estimated and measured parameters for a transactive control of EWH. Index Terms—Demand flexibility

demand flexibility, distribution system, electric ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development and Validation of a Simulation Testbed for the Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory (IBAL) Using TRNSYS

This paper documents the development and validation of a dynamic primary cooling and thermal storage system simulation testbed. The system simulation testbed, sIBAL, is based on the Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory (IBAL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is a research infrastructure and testbed for the development, evaluation, and demonstration of intelligent control algorithms. The sIBAL testbed developed in this project will serve as a virtual twin of the real facility for future control algorithm development. The details of the methodologies used to develop and validate the simulation testbed, which replicates the dynamic behaviors of the primary cooling and ice storage system in the IBAL facility, are presented. The simulation testbed was developed in TRNSYS using built-in component models and MATLAB functions to replicate the two water-cooled chillers, a thermal storage tank, pumps, valves and other components for four different operation modes. Experiments on IBAL components were designed and executed to generate experimental data for model development and verification of the simulation platform. The validation of the simulation results was carried out in two phases: 1) independent component simulations for the chillers and thermal storage tank, and 2) a combined testbed simulation of the entire hydronic system. Comparison of simulation results to the experimental data obtained from the IBAL facility showed errors within 1 °C for the temperatures outputs of both the chiller and the thermal storage model. The error is within an acceptable range for further intelligent control algorithms development. The findings from the study are summarized and presented along with areas where additional research is needed. In addition, data filtering procedures and model refinement measures utilized to improve the accuracy and accelerate the computation time of the simulation are presented.

cooling systems↗