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Excitation functions and isomeric cross-section ratios of (d,xn) reactions on 86 Sr

Excitation functions of the 86 Sr(d,n) 87m,87g Y, 86 Sr(d,2n) 86m,86g Y and 86 Sr(d,3n) 85m,85g Y reactions on enriched 86 Sr target were measured by the activation technique up to deuteron energies of 49 MeV. The isomeric cross-section ratios as a function of projectile energy were deduced from the measured data for 87m Y, 87g Y(cum), 86m Y, 86g Y(cum), 85m Y and 85g Y pairs for the same energy range. All measurements are reported for the first time. The experimental data were compared with the data from the TENDL library which is based on TALYS calculation with default parameters. No satisfactory agreement was observed. Nuclear model calculations were then performed using the codes TALYS and EMPIRE with some parameter adjustments, and compared with the experimental data. The quality of the agreement between experimental data and model calculations was numerically quantified. In general, the data as well as the isomeric cross-section ratios are partially reproduced by the model calculations, provided the input model parameters are properly chosen and the level structure of the product nucleus is thoughtfully considered.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Effect of Using Regenerated Combined FAU and MOR Zeolites as Catalysts during the Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin

The SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mole ratio, pore size, and acid sites are the key parameters of zeolite’s activity in lignin pyrolysis. In this study, the comparison of individual Y and M zeolites, the combined ‘Y + M’ sample after regeneration, and their effect on lignin pyrolysis were studied in five cycles (regeneration and reuse). The results were explained using Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET), micropore surface area (MSA), and total acid sites (TAS) analyses. In comparison with the individual Y or M zeolite sample, the consistent higher catalytic activities of the combined ‘Y + M’ sample in repeated cycles were observed. Pyrolysis heavy oils were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NMR analyses revealed that with increased zeolite regeneration cycles, p-hydroxy phenyl and methoxyl groups increased. Decreases in guaiacyl phenolic hydroxyl were less for the combined ‘Y + M’ sample than the individual Y and M zeolites. Lower weight average (M w ) of heavy oil for the combined ‘Y + M’ sample indicated the enhanced cleavage of lignin structures in pyrolysis. These results support the higher catalytic activity of regenerated zeolites for the combined ‘Y + M’ sample compared with individual Y and M zeolites due to the improved MSA and TAS.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Análisis de Tareas del Inspector de Control de Calidad [Quality Control Inspector Job Task Analysis (Spanish Translation)]

El Laboratorio Nacional de Energía Renovable (NREL) ha sido contratado por el Programa de Asistencia para la Climatización (WAP) del Departamento de Energía de EE.UU. (DOE) para desarrollar y mantener los recursos en el marco del proyecto de Directrices para Profesionales de la Energía Doméstica (GHEP). El objetivo del proyecto GHEP es aumentar la calidad del trabajo realizado para la remodelación energética residencial en Estados Unidos a través de WAP y otros programas de remodelación residencial. Para cumplir el objetivo de “Establecer certificaciones nacionales de la mano de obra y normas de formación”, el DOE encargó al NREL el desarrollo de recursos GHEP, incluido un conjunto de certificaciones avanzadas, basadas en aptitud, para el personal de los profesionales de la energía doméstica (HEP). Desde 2010, el NREL ha reclutado voluntarios expertos en la materia de WAP y de la industria del mantenimiento del hogar para que formen parte de comités que desarrollen y actualicen programas de certificación y sus análisis de tareas (JTA) necesarios como base de programas de certificación y formación estandarizados. Las certificaciones HEP apoyan al WAP y al sector del mantenimiento de viviendas residenciales en general mediante el proceso de acreditación y el desarrollo de JTA definidos para auditores energéticos (EA) e inspectores de control de calidad (QCI). Este informe es un resumen de las actualizaciones más recientes (2022) del JTA del QCI. [The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is contracted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) to develop and maintain the resources under the Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals (GHEP) project. The purpose of the GHEP project is to increase the quality of work conducted for residential energy retrofits in the United States through the WAP network and other residential retrofit programs. This is the Spanish translation of NREL/TP-7A40-85789.]

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Análisis de Tareas del Auditor Energético [Energy Auditor Job Task Analysis (Spanish Translation)]

El Laboratorio Nacional de Energía Renovable (NREL), bajo el contrato con el Programa de Asistencia para la Climatización (WAP) del Departamento de Energía de EE.UU. (DOE), desarrolla y mantiene los recursos en el marco del proyecto Directrices para Profesionales de la Energía Doméstica (GHEP). El objetivo del proyecto GHEP es aumentar la calidad del trabajo de remodelación energética residencial realizado por WAP y otros programas de remodelación residencial en Estados Unidos. Para cumplir el objetivo de “Establecer certificaciones nacionales de la mano de obra y normas de formación”, el DOE encargó al NREL el desarrollo de recursos GHEP, incluido un conjunto de certificaciones avanzadas, basadas en aptitud, para el personal de los profesionales de la energía doméstica (HEP). Desde 2010, el NREL ha reclutado voluntarios expertos en la materia de WAP y de la industria del mantenimiento del hogar para que formen parte de comités que desarrollen y actualicen programas de certificación y sus análisis de tareas (JTA) necesarios como base de programas de certificación y formación estandarizados. Las certificaciones HEP apoyan al WAP y al sector del mantenimiento de viviendas residenciales en general mediante el proceso de acreditación y el desarrollo de JTA definidos para auditores energéticos (EA) e inspectores de control de calidad (QCI). Este informe es un resumen de las actualizaciones más recientes (2022) del JTA del EA. [The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is contracted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) to develop and maintain the resources under the Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals (GHEP) project. The purpose of the GHEP project is to increase the quality of work conducted for residential energy retrofits in the United States through the WAP network and other residential retrofit programs. This is the Spanish translation of NREL/TP-7A40-85300.]

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Materials Data on Y2GeRh3 by Materials Project

Y2Rh3Ge crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, nine equivalent Rh, and three equivalent Ge atoms. There are one shorter (3.09 Å) and three longer (3.37 Å) Y–Y bond lengths. There are three shorter (2.93 Å) and six longer (3.21 Å) Y–Rh bond lengths. All Y–Ge bond lengths are 3.27 Å. Rh is bonded to six equivalent Y, four equivalent Rh, and two equivalent Ge atoms to form distorted RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent GeY6Rh6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent GeY6Rh6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra. All Rh–Rh bond lengths are 2.81 Å. Both Rh–Ge bond lengths are 2.57 Å. Ge is bonded to six equivalent Y and six equivalent Rh atoms to form distorted GeY6Rh6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent GeY6Rh6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent GeY6Rh6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent RhY6Ge2Rh4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y2Al by Materials Project

AlY2 is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Al atoms. There are a spread of Y–Al bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.47 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Al atoms. There are a spread of Y–Al bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.57 Å. Al is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on YMg2 by Materials Project

Mg2Y is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to six equivalent Mg and six equivalent Y atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing MgY6Mg6 cuboctahedra. All Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.05 Å. All Mg–Y bond lengths are 3.56 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded to six Mg and six equivalent Y atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing MgY6Mg6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.95 Å) and two longer (3.11 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.53 Å) and four longer (3.54 Å) Mg–Y bond lengths. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Mg and four equivalent Y atoms. There are one shorter (3.65 Å) and three longer (3.72 Å) Y–Y bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y5Ge3 by Materials Project

Y5Ge3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ge atoms. There are a spread of Y–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.47 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ge atoms. All Y–Ge bond lengths are 3.08 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y3(Co2Sn)4 by Materials Project

Y3(Co2Sn)4 is Hexagonal Laves-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3mc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eight Co and six Sn atoms. There are a spread of Y–Co bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.49 Å. There are a spread of Y–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.27 Å. There are four inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded to two equivalent Y, seven Co, and three equivalent Sn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing CoY2Co7Sn3 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Co–Co bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.61 Å. There are one shorter (2.64 Å) and two longer (2.67 Å) Co–Sn bond lengths. In the second Co site, Co is bonded to nine Co and three equivalent Sn atoms to form face-sharing CoCo9Sn3 cuboctahedra. All Co–Co bond lengths are 2.49 Å. All Co–Sn bond lengths are 2.71 Å. In the third Co site, Co is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Y and four Sn atoms. There are three shorter (2.50 Å) and one longer (2.78 Å) Co–Sn bond lengths. In the fourth Co site, Co is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, four Co, and four Sn atoms. There are a spread of Co–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and eight Co atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Y and four Co atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y5Si3 by Materials Project

Y5Si3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Si atoms. There are a spread of Y–Si bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.44 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Si atoms. All Y–Si bond lengths are 3.05 Å. Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on YB2Ir3 by Materials Project

YIr3B2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y, twelve equivalent Ir, and six equivalent B atoms. Both Y–Y bond lengths are 3.15 Å. All Y–Ir bond lengths are 3.16 Å. All Y–B bond lengths are 3.16 Å. Ir is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Y and four equivalent B atoms. All Ir–B bond lengths are 2.23 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent Ir atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ce2Y2O7 by Materials Project

Ce2Y2O7 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Ce4+ sites. In the first Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.45 Å. In the second Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.53 Å. In the third Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted CeO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, corners with two YO6 octahedra, edges with two YO7 hexagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–57°. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.46 Å. In the fourth Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.70 Å. In the fifth Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.41 Å. In the sixth Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.45 Å. In the seventh Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.57 Å. In the eighth Ce4+ site, Ce4+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.35 Å. There are eight inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted YO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one YO6 octahedra, edges with two YO7 hexagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 51°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.53 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted YO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one YO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.34 Å. In the third Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted YO7 hexagonal pyramids that share corners with two YO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–58°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.41 Å. In the fourth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted YO6 octahedra that share corners with two YO7 hexagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one YO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.34 Å. In the fifth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted YO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, corners with two YO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid, and edges with two YO7 hexagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–61°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.35 Å. In the sixth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted YO7 hexagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one YO6 octahedra, edges with two YO7 hexagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.43 Å. In the seventh Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted YO7 hexagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one YO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one YO7 pentagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one YO7 hexagonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one YO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CeO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 57°. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.49 Å. In the eighth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.48 Å. There are twenty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form OCeY3 tetrahedra that share corners with fourteen OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with four OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form OCe2Y2 tetrahedra that share corners with fourteen OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with five OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form OCe2Y2 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with six OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ce4+ and three Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCeY3 tetrahedra. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form OCe3Y tetrahedra that share corners with fourteen OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with five OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ce4+ atoms to form OCe4 tetrahedra that share corners with fourteen OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with five OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form OCe2Y2 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with six OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe2Y2 tetrahedra. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ce4+ and one Y3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form OCe2Y2 tetrahedra that share corners with thirteen OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with five OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms to form distorted OCe2Y2 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve OCe2Y2 tetrahedra and edges with five OCe3Y tetrahedra. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ce4+ and two Y3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on YB2Ru3 by Materials Project

YRu3B2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y, twelve equivalent Ru, and six equivalent B atoms. Both Y–Y bond lengths are 3.04 Å. All Y–Ru bond lengths are 3.15 Å. All Y–B bond lengths are 3.18 Å. Ru is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Y and four equivalent B atoms. All Ru–B bond lengths are 2.20 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y2B5Pd14 by Materials Project

Y2Pd14B5 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/amd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to fourteen Pd and four equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of Y–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.78–3.43 Å. All Y–B bond lengths are 3.14 Å. There are four inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Y and two equivalent B atoms. Both Pd–B bond lengths are 2.40 Å. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y and two equivalent B atoms. Both Pd–B bond lengths are 2.19 Å. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y and two equivalent B atoms. Both Pd–B bond lengths are 2.21 Å. In the fourth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y and three B atoms. There are one shorter (2.20 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) Pd–B bond lengths. There are two inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Pd atoms. In the second B site, B is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y and seven Pd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y2Ge5Ir3 by Materials Project

Y2Ir3Ge5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to seven Ir and ten Ge atoms. There are a spread of Y–Ir bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.57 Å. There are a spread of Y–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.37 Å. There are two inequivalent Ir sites. In the first Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and six Ge atoms. There are four shorter (2.54 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Ir–Ge bond lengths. In the second Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Y and five Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ir–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.53 Å. There are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, three Ir, and two equivalent Ge atoms. Both Ge–Ge bond lengths are 2.70 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, three Ir, and two equivalent Ge atoms. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and four equivalent Ir atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y5Sn3 by Materials Project

Sn3Y5 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Sn atoms. There are a spread of Y–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.57 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sn atoms. All Y–Sn bond lengths are 3.22 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on YMg4Cu by Materials Project

YMg4Cu crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Mg atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.28 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Mg and two equivalent Cu atoms. Both Mg–Cu bond lengths are 2.69 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Mg and one Cu atom. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.11 Å. The Mg–Cu bond length is 2.83 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Mg and one Cu atom. The Mg–Cu bond length is 2.83 Å. In the fifth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Mg atoms. In the sixth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Cu atoms. All Mg–Cu bond lengths are 2.98 Å. There are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cu atoms. All Y–Cu bond lengths are 2.96 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cu atoms. All Y–Cu bond lengths are 2.97 Å. Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Mg and four Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y2Ge5Ru3 by Materials Project

Y2Ru3Ge5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to six Ru and ten Ge atoms. There are a spread of Y–Ru bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.49 Å. There are a spread of Y–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.47 Å. There are two inequivalent Ru sites. In the first Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and six Ge atoms. There are four shorter (2.52 Å) and two longer (2.60 Å) Ru–Ge bond lengths. In the second Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and five Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ru–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.52 Å. There are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, three Ru, and four Ge atoms. There are two shorter (2.72 Å) and two longer (2.90 Å) Ge–Ge bond lengths. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, three Ru, and two equivalent Ge atoms. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y and four equivalent Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗