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At least 1,117 records · Page 62

Investigating the non-classical M-H 2 bonding in OsClH 3 (PPh 3 ) 3

Dihydrogen ligation to metal centers results in a wide range of metal-hydrogen interactions. Compounds containing non-classical dihydrogen ligands in which the H-H contacts are significantly longer than the 0.74 A distance found in solid H 2 are classified as Kubas-like compounds, stretched dihydrogen ligands, or compressed dihydrides, depending on the H-H contact length. Compounds containing stretched dihydrogen and compressed dihydride ligands are somewhat rare. Developing a more complete understanding of the metal-hydrogen and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in these species may provide insights into the mechanisms for the oxidative addition reaction and hydrogen storage. Here, we use diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements, paired with both molecular and solid-state density functional theory (DFT), to fully characterize the nature of the metal-hydrogen and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in a previously reported compound, OsClH 3 (PPh 3 ) 3 . In that report, the H-H distance was measured as 1.48(2) A by single-crystal neutron diffraction and was described as a "stretched" dihydrogen. The INS-generated phonon density of states is well described by the DFT calculations, including those normal modes dominated by the vibrational motions of the three Os-ligated hydrogen atoms. Additionally, the resulting calculated electron charge density landscape indicates that there is no remnant bonding character between the Os-ligated hydrogen atoms in the compound. Based on these findings, we update the understanding of the metal-hydrogen bonding in this complex and reclassify it as a compressed dihydride. As such, OsClH 3 (PPh 3 ) 3 represents a rare example of a non-classical compressed dihydride species.

08 HYDROGEN↗

Convergent Concordant Mode Approach for Molecular Vibrations: CMA-2

The concordant mode approach (CMA) is a promising new scheme for dramatically increasing the system size and level of theory achievable in quantum chemical computations of molecular vibrational frequencies. Here, we achieve advances in the CMA hierarchy by computations targeting CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ (coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples using a correlation-consistent polarized-valence triple-ζ basis set) benchmarks within the G2 molecular test set, executing a statistical analysis for 1501 frequencies from 111 compounds and then separately solving the refractory case of pyridine. First, MP2/cc-pVTZ (second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory with the same basis set) proves to be an excellent and preferred choice for generating the underlying (Level B) normal modes of the CMA scheme. Utilizing this Level B within the CMA-0A method reproduces the 1501 benchmark frequencies with a mean absolute error (MAE) of only 0.11 cm –1 and an attendant standard deviation of 0.49 cm –1 . Second, a convergent CMA-2 method is constituted that allows efficient computation of higher level (Level A) frequencies to any reasonable accuracy threshold by using only Hartree–Fock (HF) and MP2 or density functional theory (DFT) data to generate ξ parameters, which select the sparse off-diagonal force field elements for explicit evaluation at Level A. When Level B = MP2/cc-pVTZ, a cutoff of ξ = 0.02 provides an average maximum absolute error per molecule of only 0.17 cm –1 by incurring merely a 33% increase in average cost over CMA-0A. This CMA-2 method also eradicates the 4 problematic CMA-0A outliers of pyridine with even less effort (ξ = 0.04, 22% increase). Finally, the newly developed CMA procedures are shown to be highly successful when applied to 1-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethanol, a new test molecule with diverse types of vibration.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Connectivity-Dependent Exciton–Phonon Coupling in Cesium Bismuth Halide Quantum Dots

Metal halide octahedra form the fundamental functional building blocks of metal halide perovskites, dictating their structures, optical properties, electronic structures, and dynamics. Here, in this study, we show that the connectivity of bismuth halide octahedra in Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 and Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 quantum dots (QDs) changes with different halide elements. We use first-principles calculations to reveal the key role of the connectivity of bismuth halide octahedra on the wave function symmetry, Huang-Rhys factor, and exciton-phonon interaction strength. Following QD synthesis via a ligand-mediated transport method, the effect of connectivity is verified with transient absorption spectroscopy, where we contrast Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 and Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 QD exciton dynamics. In photoexcited Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 QDs, phonons related to the vibrational motions of face-sharing [BiI 6 ] 3- bioctahedra couple strongly to the electronic state and drive rapid carrier relaxation. Equivalent signals are not observed for photoexcited Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 QDs, implying a lack of phonon involvement in band-edge absorption and subsequent exciton relaxation. Our findings suggest that structural engineering can effectively tune the exciton-phonon coupling and therefore influence exciton relaxation and recombination in perovskite nanomaterials.

TDDFT↗

Bonding and reactivity of isostructural uranyl and neptunyl peroxide phases

Understanding the reactivity of actinide peroxides is critical for predicting the behavior of spent nuclear fuel in radiolytic environments. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a lithium neptunyl(VI) hydroxo peroxo compound (LiNp), which is isostructural to the uranyl analogue (LiU). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that LiNp contains both [NpO 2 (O 2 ) 3 ] 4- and [NpO 2 (OH) 4 ] 2- units stabilized by Li + and hydrogen bonding and Raman spectroscopy shows systematic redshifts in neptunyl vibrational modes relative to uranyl. DFT calculations highlight the importance of secondary coordination in reproducing vibrational and structural features, but challenges remain with correctly modeling strong sigma donors. Solid-state EPR spectroscopy and DFT confirm superoxide stabilization within LiU and calculations suggest favorability of the analogous radical species in LiNp. Solution state EPR spectroscopy with the radical spin trap 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO) reveal evidence of superoxide in the LiU and LiNp phases and suggests stabilization of superoxide within actinyl triperoxide complexes, forming [AnO 2 (O 2 ) 2 (O) 2 • ] 3- .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Influence of tungsten doping on nonradiative electron–hole recombination in monolayer MoSe 2 with Se vacancies

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are receiving significant attention due to their excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties. The material quality is greatly affected by defects that are inevitably generated during material synthesis. Focusing on chalcogenide vacancies, which constitute the most common defect, we use the state-of-the-art simulation methodology developed in our group to demonstrate that W doping of MoSe 2 with Se vacancies reduces charge carrier losses by two mechanisms. First, W doping makes the formation of double Se vacancies unfavorable, while it is favorable in undoped MoSe 2 . Second, if a Se vacancy is present, the charge carrier lifetimes are extended in the W-doped MoSe 2 . Combining ab initio real-time time-dependent density functional theory with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, the simulations show that the nonradiative carrier losses in the presence of Se vacancies proceed by sub-10 ps electron trapping and relaxation down the manifold of trap states, followed by a 100 ps recombination of trapped electrons with free holes. The electron–vibrational energy exchange is driven by both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrational motions of the MoSe 2 layer. Additionally, the atomistic studies advance our understanding of the influence of defects on charge carrier properties in TMDs and guide improvements of material quality and development of TMD applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Defects vibrations engineering for enhancing interfacial thermal transport in polymer composites

To push upper boundaries of thermal conductivity in polymer composites, understanding of thermal transport mechanisms is crucial. Despite extensive simulations, systematic experimental investigation on thermal transport in polymer composites is limited. To better understand thermal transport processes, we design polymer composites with perfect fillers (graphite) and defective fillers (graphite oxide), using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix model. Measured thermal conductivities of ~1.38 ± 0.22 W m -1 K -1 in PVA/defective filler composites is higher than those of ~0.86 ± 0.21 W m -1 K -1 in PVA/perfect filler composites, while measured thermal conductivities in defective fillers are lower than those of perfect fillers. We identify how thermal transport occurs across heterogeneous interfaces. Thermal transport measurements, neutron scattering, quantum mechanical modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that vibrational coupling between PVA and defective fillers at PVA/filler interfaces enhances thermal conductivity, suggesting that defects in polymer composites improve thermal transport by promoting this vibrational coupling.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Electron-impact vibrational excitation rates in the flow field of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles

This paper examines the vibrational excitation rate processes expected in the flow field of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles (AOTVs). An analysis of the multiple-quantum vibrational excitation processes by electron impact is made to predict the vibrational excitation cross sections, rate coefficients, and relaxation times which control vibrational temperature. The expression for the rate of electron-vibration energy transfer is derived by solving the system of master equations which account for the multiple-level transitions. The vibrational excitation coefficients, which are the prerequisite physical quantities in solving the obtained vibrational equation, are calculated based on the theoretically predicted cross sections. These cross sections are obtained from quantum mechanical calculations, based on the concept that vibrational excitation of molecules by electron impact occurs through formation of an intermediate negative ion state. Finally, the modified Landau-Teller-type rate equation, which is suitable for the numerical calculations for the AOTV flow fields, is suggested.

Lee, J.-H.↗

Advanced turboprop vibratory characteristics

The assembly of SR5 advanced turboprop blades to develop a structural dynamic data base for swept props is reported. Steady state blade deformation under centrifugal loading and vibratory characteristics of the rotor assembly were measured. Vibration was induced through a system of piezoelectric crystals attached to the blades. Data reduction procedures are used to provide deformation, mode shape, and frequencies of the assembly at predetermined speeds.

Srinivasan, A. V.↗

The production of O(1S) from dissociative recombination of O2(+)

The first theoretical calculations of the rate coefficient alpha for dissociative recombination of O2(+) leading to O(1S) are reported for a wide range of temperatures. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential energy curves for the ground state of O2(+) and for the dissociative 1Sigma(u) state calculated here. Values of alpha for the equilibrium case in which the electron and vibrational temperatures are identical are shown.

Guberman, Steven L.↗

Rovibrational intensities for the Delta V = 1 bands of the X 3Sigma(-) NH radical - Experiment and theory

The vibrational transition dipole moment for the highly reactive radical species NH in its ground electronic state is obtained via the Herman-Wallis effect manifest in emission spectra produced in a plasma reactor. The results of these experiments on the five lowest Delta V = 1 bands are in good agreement with high quality ab initio calculations of the electric dipole moment function.

Chackerian, C., Jr.↗

Dynamic performance modeling and stability analysis of a segmented reflector telescope

The problem of vibration suppression in segmented reflector telescopes is considered. The decomposition of the structure into smaller components is discussed, and control laws for vibration suppression and conditions for stability at the local and global levels are presented. The states of the reflector segments are mapped into ray displacements on the detector plane.

Ryaciotaki-Boussalis, Helen A.↗

Drilling Automation Demonstrations in Subsurface Exploration for Astrobiology

This project proposes to study subsurface permafrost microbial habitats at a relevant Arctic Mars-analog site (Haughton Crater, Devon Island, Canada) while developing and maturing the subsurface drilling and drilling automation technologies that will be required by post-2010 missions. It builds on earlier drilling technology projects to add permafrost and ice-drilling capabilities to 5m with a lightweight drill that will be automatically monitored and controlled in-situ. Frozen cores obtained with this drill under sterilized protocols will be used in testing three hypotheses pertaining to near-surface physical geology and ground H2O ice distribution, viewed as a habitat for microbial life in subsurface ice and ice-consolidated sediments. Automation technologies employed will demonstrate hands-off diagnostics and drill control, using novel vibrational dynamical analysis methods and model-based reasoning to monitor and identify drilling fault states before and during faults. Three field deployments, to a Mars-analog site with frozen impact crater fallback breccia, will support science goals, provide a rigorous test of drilling automation and lightweight permafrost drilling, and leverage past experience with the field site s particular logistics.

Glass, Brian↗

The Effect of Non-equilibrium Kinetics on Oxygen Chemistry in the Interstellar Medium

It has been suggested that in photon-dominated regions, oxygen chemistry is initiated by the O+H2 yields OH+H reaction. The reaction has an energy barrier of about 0.4 eV with ground state reactants and it is slow at low temperatures. There is strong experimental evidence that vibrational excitation of the H2 molecule increases the reactivity significantly. We present extensive quantum calculations of cross sections and rate coefficients for the O+H2(v) reaction for v = 0 - 3 of the H2 molecule and show that the vibrational excitation of the molecule has a significant effect on reactivity, especially at low temperatures.

Naduvalath, Balakrishnan↗

Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test

An automatic rotor trim control system was developed and successfully used during a wind tunnel test of a full-scale UH-60 rotor system with Individual Blade Control (IBC) actuators. The trim control system allowed rotor trim to be set more quickly, precisely and repeatably than in previous wind tunnel tests. This control system also allowed the rotor trim state to be maintained during transients and drift in wind tunnel flow, and through changes in IBC actuation. The ability to maintain a consistent rotor trim state was key to quickly and accurately evaluating the effect of IBC on rotor performance, vibration, noise and loads. This paper presents details of the design and implementation of the trim control system including the rotor system hardware, trim control requirements, and trim control hardware and software implementation. Results are presented showing the effect of IBC on rotor trim and dynamic response, a validation of the rotor dynamic simulation used to calculate the initial control gains and tuning of the control system, and the overall performance of the trim control system during the wind tunnel test.

Theodore, Colin R.↗

A Review of Noise and Vibration Control Technologies for Rotorcraft Transmissions

An expanded commercial use of rotorcraft can alleviate runway congestion and improve the accessibility of routine air travel. To date, commercial use has been hindered by excessive cabin noise. The primary noise source is structure-borne vibration originating from the main rotor gearbox. Despite significant advancements in gear design, the gear mesh tones generated often exceed 100 dB. This paper summarizes the findings of a literature survey of vibration control technologies that serve to attenuate this vibration near the source, before it spreads into the airframe and produces noise. The scope is thus limited to vibration control treatments and modifications of the gears, driveline, housing structures, and the strut connections to the airframe. The findings of the literature are summarized and persistent and unresolved issues are identified. An emphasis is placed on components and systems that have been demonstrated in flight vehicles. Then, a discussion is presented of emerging technologies that have the potential to make significant advancements over the state of the art.

cabin noise↗

A Review of Noise and Vibration Control Technologies for Rotorcraft Transmissions

An expanded commercial use of rotorcraft can alleviate runway congestion and improve the accessibility of routine air travel. To date, commercial use has been hindered by excessive cabin noise. The primary noise source is structure-borne vibration originating from the main rotor gearbox. Despite significant advancements in gear design, the gear mesh tones generated often exceed 100 dB. This paper summarizes the findings of a literature survey of vibration control technologies that serve to attenuate this vibration near the source, before it spreads into the airframe and produces noise. The scope is thus limited to vibration control treatments and modifications of the gears, driveline, housing structures, and the strut connections to the airframe. The findings of the literature are summarized and persistent and unresolved issues are identified. An emphasis is placed on components and systems that have been demonstrated in flight vehicles. Then, a discussion is presented of emerging technologies that have the potential to make significant advancements over the state of the art.

cabin noise↗

Mounted Accelerometer Frequency Response of Adhesive Products and Aluminum Frame Quick Mounts

An accelerometer mounting technique has large implications on the frequency range and accuracy of the measurement, with stiffness and the mass relative to the monitored structure as the primary concerns. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) gives an extensive list in 5348:2021, detailing mounting methods, and provides recommendations for testing mounts that are not specifically defined. In the nuclear industry on the laboratory scale, there is a need for vibration measurements for predictive maintenance and process monitoring that are nondestructive and capable of working in high-temperature environments. Commercial adhesive products with easy application and removal were tested as nondestructive methods, while quick mounts to a commonly used aluminum frame were tested as nondestructive and have potential applicability in high-temperature environments. The sinusoidal excitation method was used, measuring frequencies from 50 Hz to 10 kHz in one-third octave band intervals, utilizing three accelerometers and comparing the results to those obtained with the stud-mounting method. Using the lowest ±3 dB threshold across each accelerometer, foam dots and poster strips were not successful, and foam tapes were accurate up to 2000 Hz, hose clamps and zip ties up to 800 Hz, and a custom 3D printed mount up to 1000 Hz. Knowing the limitations of each mounting technique allows for accurate measurements within the appropriate range.

47 - OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗