Los Alamos Seismic Network (LASN) Status, September 2017
This report provides an overview of the LANL Seismic Network.
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Numerical Simulations of 3D Seismic Data Final Report CRADA No. TC02095.0
This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (formerly The Regents of the University of Califomia)/Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Schlumberger Cambridge Research (SCR), to develop synthetic seismic data sets and supporting codes.
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Microseismic monitoring of CO 2 -injection-induced seismicity
This presentation's Objectives: Studying moment tensors of microseismic sources; Imaging fracture zones and subsurface structure; Obtaining three-dimension seismic velocity model and improved moment tensors.
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Reducing Certain Seismic Data Acquisition Costs Through Shaped Charges (Final Report)
The project involved designing one or more shaped charges. The goal was to reduce the costs of acquiring seismic data in geophysical prospecting.
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Optically-based Sensor System for Critical Nuclear Facilities Post-Event Seismic Structural Assessment
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has ownership and operational responsibility for a large enterprise of nuclear facilities that provide essential functions to DOE missions ranging from national security to discovery science and energy research. These facilities support a number of DOE programs and offices including the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Science, and Office of Environmental Management. With many unique and “one of a kind” functions, these facilities represent a tremendous national investment, and assuring their safety and integrity is fundamental to the success of a breadth of DOE programs. Many DOE critical facilities are located in regions with significant natural phenomenon hazards including major earthquakes and DOE has been a leader in developing standards for the seismic analysis of nuclear facilities. Attaining and sustaining excellence in nuclear facility design and management must be a core competency of the DOE. An important part of nuclear facility management is the ability to monitor facilities and rapidly assess the response and integrity of the facilities after any major upset event. Experience in the western U.S. has shown that understanding facility integrity after a major earthquake is a significant challenge which, lacking key data, can require extensive effort and significant time. In the work described in the attached report, a transformational approach to earthquake monitoring of facilities is described and demonstrated. An entirely new type of optically-based sensor that can directly and accurately measure the earthquake-induced deformations of a critical facility has been developed and tested. This report summarizes large-scale shake table testing of the sensor concept on a representative steel frame building structure, and provides quantitative data on the accuracy of the sensor measurements.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Advanced Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methodology: Development of Beta 1.0 MASTODON Toolset
Design of nuclear power plant (NPP) facilities to resist natural hazards has been a part of the regulatory process from the beginning of the NPP industry in the United States, but has evolved substantially over time. The original set of approaches and methods was entirely deterministic in nature and focused on a traditional engineering margins-based approach. However, over time probabilistic and risk-informed approaches were also developed and implemented in US Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidance and regulation. A defense-in-depth framework has also been incorporated into US regulatory guidance over time. As a result, today, the US regulatory framework incorporates deterministic and probabilistic approaches for a range of different applications and for a range of natural hazard considerations. Although the US regulatory framework has continued to evolve over time, the tools, methods and data available to the US nuclear industry to meet the changing requirements have not kept pace. Notably, there is room for improvement in the tools and methods available for external event probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), which is the principal assessment approach used in risk-informed regulations and risk-informed decision-making applied to natural hazard assessment and design. Development of a new set of tools and methods that incorporate current knowledge, modern best practice, and state-of-the-art computational resources would lead to more reliable assessment of facility risk and risk insights (e.g., the plant elements and accident sequences that are most risk-significant), with less uncertainty and reduced conservatisms. Development of the next generation tools and methods for external events PRA is ongoing under the Risk Informed Safety Margins Characterization (RISMC) technical pathway. The RISMC toolkit development centers on integration of the tools and methods under a common framework, MOOSE. These tools and methods make use of existing and newly developed tools and methods, coupled with the experience and data gained in the past decades, to define and analyze more realistic risk assessment models. Specific focus in this report is on the capability to model seismic risk using advanced SPRA methods. Over the last year, significant capability has been added to Mastodon to simulate 3-D wave passage effects through nonlinear soil. Verification has demonstrated the capability of Mastodon to model wave passage effects in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D. Methods have been developed to incorporate probabilistic floor response capabilities. Additional capability will be added to Mastodon over the next year to implement a robust gapping and sliding element for cyclic shaking, web-based verification and user manuals, stochastic finite elements, and frequency independent damping. Verification of added capabilities has occured in parallel with code writing activities.
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Computation of Kernels for Full Waveform Seismic Inversion Using Parelasti
Full waveform inversion allows the seismologist to utilize an entire waveform and all the information it contains to help image the 3-D structure of the interior of the earth. This report summarizes the basic theory that has been developed in full waveform seismic inversion, primarily related to computation of sensitivity kernels. It then describes the implementation of this theory using Sandia Geophysics Department's Parelasti code, a 3-D full waveform elastic simulation algorithm. Finally, the code is validated using synthetics from simple homogeneous elastic earth models.
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Improvement of Design Codes to Account for Accident Thermal Effects on Seismic Performance
This report summarizes the results of experimental and numerical studies conducted to evaluate the effect of accident thermal loads on the seismic response of steel-plate composite (SC) walls and reinforced concrete (RC) walls and beams. The research was sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy through the Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP), Award Number DE-NE0008256. Summary and conclusions of the research conducted are presented in this report. Based on the observations, analysis and design recommendations for SC and RC structures are also summarized
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Generalized and High-Order Multiscale Finite-Element Methods for Seismic Wave Propagation [Slides]
We have developed a series of multiscale finite-element methods for simulating seismic wave propagation in complex media. The most important feature of multiscale finite-element methods is using medium- and mesh-dependent multiscale basis functions. For different wave equations, or for wave equation modeling in different domains, we design different local spectral/linear problems to compute multiscale basis functions. Multiscale basis functions can accurately capture the fine-scale medium information for coarse-scale modeling problems. Numerical examples have demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of our multiscale finite-element method framework for wave equation modeling. Future works aim at further improving the efficiency using more levels of information encapsulation, and address more realistic physics problems.
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A Traditional Look at SPE Phase 1 Surface Seismic Data: Far-Field Instruments, Measurements, and Analysis
We visually examined surface seismic data from the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) Phase-1 chemical explosions in preparation for waveform analysis and interpretation. Recording stations included far-field (near source) geophone lines, and both permanent network, reoccupied USArray, and temporary stations at local and regional distances. We found that near-source waveforms are dominated by broad band compressional (P), and band limited surface wave (Rg) (< 10 Hz) phases. Distinct, consistent shear (S) phases are difficult to observe visually even with a comprehensive bank of frequency bands. Secondary phases are indistinct at near-local distances, unlike for earthquake sources, especially at the high frequencies of interest for discrimination (e.g. 4-8 Hz), likely due to intense near surface scattering. S phases begin to emerge from the scattered background at and beyond 100 km. We identified regional Pn, Pg and Lg phases to 446 km for SPE-5. The data set is, unfortunately, plagued by poorly recorded instrument responses, or, possibly, time varying site amplification due to human interaction with sensors. Instrument response issues should be fixable, and this should be attempted to make this a truly, high-quality data set for use by the monitoring community.
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Seismic Moment Tensor Screening on the Hypersphere
Source type screening based on the seismic moment tensor is investigated on the hypersphere, specifically the 5-sphere S 5 of 6-degree unit vectors representing the normalized symmetric moment tensor. The sample of moment tensors from an explosion dataset is unimodal in S 5 and can be parameterized by the von Mises - Fisher distribution. Screening is then framed using the confidence region of the explosion population mean unit vector. A conservative screen using the 99.9% confidence region is proposed such that an event with an angle on the hypersphere greater than 30.57° from the mean unit moment tensor is screened out. We apply the screen to the September 2017 DPRK explosion and subsequent collapse, and show that the collapse screens out.
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Seismic Modeling, Imaging and Inversion in Complex Media [Slides]
This report discusses seismic modeling in complex media, multiscale basis functions, types of models, full waveform inversion, and imaging.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Vibroseis Truck Seismic Survey, Operation
Using vibroseis truck for seismic survey. Includes diesel consumption. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=730C5CCA-9ED6-4E2B-8607-2449643F19F8
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Paraniso 1.0: 3-D Full Waveform Seismic Simulation in General Anisotropic Media
Many geologic materials and minerals are seismically anisotropic, with the most general anisotropic material having up to 21 independent elastic coefficients. This report outlines the development of a 3-D, generally anisotropic, linear elastic full waveform finite-difference solver. First, a mathematical description of the solution equations will be described. The finite-difference implementation of these equations will then be shown. Finally, a comparison of results from this new solver to other solutions will be provided as verification that the new algorithm can accurately replicate these solutions.
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Geospatial-Temporal Semantic Graph Evaluation for Induced Seismicity Analysis
We assess how geospatial-temporal semantic graphs and our GeoGraphy code implementation might contribute to induced seismicity analysis. We focus on evaluating strengths and weaknesses of both 1) the fundamental concept of semantic graphs and 2) our current code implementation. With extensions and research effort, code implementation limitations can be overcome. The paper also describes relevance including possible data input types, expected analytical outcomes and how it can pair with other approaches and fit into a workflow.
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Evaluation the Geotech GS-13BH Borehole Seismic Sensor
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated the Geotech GS-13BH borehole sensor. The sensor provides a response similar to that of the standard GS-13 short-period seismic sensor intended for pier-installations in a borehole package. The purpose of this seismometer evaluation was to determine a measured sensitivity, amplitude and phase response, self-noise and dynamic range, passband and acceleration response of its calibration coil.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Synthesis of Seismic Methods in Southern Kansas (Milestone G)
We proposed to conduct the following activities in Budget Period 2 with respect to Task 2.1 of the overall project management plan: 1) Local SWS using microseismicity catalog. 2) Continuation of VSM analysis. 3) Synthesis of seismic data and uncertainty analyses. Milestone G: Apply ANT, VSM, and SWS methods to Kansas microseismicity catalog. Calculate 3D model and moment tensor elements and meet milestone E.
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Pobabilistic Seismic Hazards Update for LLNL: PSHA Results Report
This document contains a summary of the results from the 2016 LLNL Probabilistic Seismic Hazards Analysis (PSHA) prepared as part of the 10- year Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) assessment of Building 332. Revision 3 adds Foundation Input Response Spectra (FIRS) for Increment 3.
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