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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,117 records · Page 62
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Perpendicular propagating electromagnetic envelope solitons in electron-positron-ion plasma

The nonlinear amplitude modulation of electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicular to the direction of ambient magnetic field in a uniform collisionless magnetized electron-positron-ion plasma is studied. The Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky perturbation method is employed to derive nonlinear Schroedinger equation, which describes the amplitude dynamics of perturbed magnetic field. The modulation instability criterion reveals that the low frequency mode is always stable, whereas the high frequency mode becomes modulationally unstable for certain ranges of wave number and positron-to-electron density ratio. Furthermore, the positron-to-electron density ratio as well as the strength of ambient magnetic field is found to have significant effect on the solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation, namely, dark and bright envelope solitons.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Dispersion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in a relativistic electron beam guided by the ion channel

In this article, the dispersion characteristics of the paraxial (near axis) electromagnetic (EM) waves in a relativistic electron beam guided by the ion channel are investigated. Equilibrium fields such as ion-channel electrostatic field and self-fields of relativistic electron beam are included in this formalism. In accordance with the equilibrium field structure, radial and azimuthal waves are selected as base vectors for EM waves. It is shown that the dispersion of the radially polarized EM and space charge waves are influenced by the equilibrium fields, but azimuthally polarized wave remain unaffected. In some wave number domains, the radially polarized EM and fast space charge waves are coupled. In these regions, instability is analyzed as a function of equilibrium structure. It is shown that the total equilibrium radial force due to the ion channel and electron beam and also relativistic effect play a key role in the coupling of the radially polarized EM wave and space charge wave. Furthermore, some asymptotic behaviors such as weak and strong ion channel, nonrelativistic case and cutoff frequencies are discussed. This instability could be used as an amplification mechanism for radially polarized EM waves in a beam-plasma system where a relativistic electron beam is guided by the ion channel.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

A Pulsed Laser-Electromagnetic Hybrid Accelerator For Space Propulsion Application

A fundamental study of a newly developed rectangular pulsed laser-electromagnetic hybrid thruster was conducted, in which laser-ablation plasma was induced through laser beam irradiation onto a solid target and accelerated by electrical means instead of direct acceleration only by using a laser beam. The performance of the thruster was evaluated by measuring the mass per shot and impulse bit. As results, significantly high specific impulse ranging from 5,000 approx6,000 sec were obtained at energies of 0.1 and 8.6 J, respectively. In addition, the typical thrust efficiency varied from 17% to 19% depending on the charge energy.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

On the cubic zero-order solution of electromagnetic waves. I. Periodic slabs with lossy plasmas

Electromagnetic waves are considered for periodic structures consisting of lossy plasmonic components and dielectric host media. For the plasmonic components, not only low-loss metals but also high-loss gas plasmas are taken into consideration. For small filling fractions of the plasmonic components, the intercell interactions are kept to a minimum. In this way, the zero-order solution to the dispersion relation is solved by focusing on its cubic nonlinearity in frequency. Analysis shows that there are two types of solutions: propagating waves and stationary states, depending on the magnitudes of the temporal attenuation rates. Depending on the relative strengths of the material loss of the plasmonic component and its filling fraction, several key critical parameters for the transitions between these two solution types are thus identified. In the following companion paper of Paper II, the cubic nonlinearities in frequency of the dispersion relations stem from different origins. Notwithstanding, they lead to strikingly similar features such as the transitions in wave types and Hopf bifurcations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

On the cubic zero-order solution of electromagnetic waves. II. Isolated particles with lossy plasmas

Electromagnetic waves are examined for a single isolated nanoparticle, which is composed of lossy plasmonic components and immersed in an unbounded homogeneous dielectric host medium. Wave characteristics thus obtained on resonance play crucial roles as the zero-order solution for periodic structures such as linear particle chains. The dispersion relation with cubic nonlinearity in frequency accounts for radiation damping in addition to dynamic depolarization. It is theoretically analyzed on the parameter plane spanned by the material loss and the plasma frequency. As in the preceding companion paper of Paper I, analysis shows two types of solutions: propagating waves and stationary states. In addition, the temporal attenuation rate exhibits a maximum feature at a certain material loss in confirmation of experimental results. However, physical behaviors of a nanoparticle turn out quite distinct from those illustrated in Paper I. The reasons are that the different mathematical structures are involved, and different geometries require different underlying assumptions. In special, the issue of series convergence in choosing proper solutions will be addressed. In addition, solutions to nanoparticles made of polarizable dielectric materials are found not to exist.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Instabilities and generation of a quasistationary magnetic field by the interaction of relativistically intense electromagnetic wave with a plasma

It is shown that the interaction of the superstrong laser radiation with an isotropic plasma leads to the generation of low frequency electromagnetic (EM) waves and in particular a quasistationary magnetic field. When the relativistic circularly polarized transverse EM wave propagates along z-axis, it creates a ponderomotive force, which affects the motion of particles along the direction of its propagation. On the other hand, motion of the particles across the direction of propagation is defined by the ponderomotive potential. The dispersion relation for the transverse EM wave using a special distribution function, which has an anisotropic form, is derived. The dispersion relation is subsequently investigated for a number of special cases. In general, it is shown that the growth rate of the EM wave strongly depends upon its intensity.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Broad-band polarization-independent absorption of electromagnetic waves by an overdense plasma

Surface plasmon-polaritons can be efficiently excited on a plasma-vacuum interface by an electromagnetic wave when a subwavelength diffraction grating is placed in front of the plasma boundary. The excitation efficiency depends strongly on the wave frequency (or plasma density, when the frequency is fixed) and polarization. We show both experimentally and theoretically that this sensitivity can be essentially suppressed. A nonzero angle of incidence and an axially symmetric diffraction grating ensure near-total absorption of the incident wave in a broad range of wave frequencies (or plasma densities, when the frequency is fixed). Direct detection of surface plasmon-polaritons has been achieved for the first time using a miniature antenna embedded in the plasma. A new absorption mechanism which is not associated with surface plasma wave excitation is revealed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Recent Studies of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors

The electromagnetic form factors of nucleons are fundamental quantities in nucleon structure. As such, they have been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally. Significant progress has been made with new measurements at Jlab, MAMI and MIT-Bates, with emphases on expanding the momentum-transfer range and on higher precision. In this paper, we describe the status of this field and present new results from measurements at both low and high momentum transfers. We also compare the experimental data to model predictions, and mention possible implications of the new results to other fields.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Propagation of high power electromagnetic beam in relativistic magnetoplasma: Higher order paraxial ray theory

This paper presents an analysis of self-consistent, steady-state, theoretical model, which explains the ring formation in a Gaussian electromagnetic beam propagating in a magnetoplasma, characterized by relativistic nonlinearity. Higher order terms (up to r{sup 4}) in the expansion of the dielectric function and the eikonal have been taken into account. The condition for the formation of a dark and bright ring derived earlier by Misra and Mishra [J. Plasma Phys. 75, 769 (2009)] has been used to study focusing/defocusing of the beam. It is seen that inclusion of higher order terms does significantly affect the dependence of the beam width on the distance of propagation. Further, the effect of the magnetic field and the nature of nonlinearity on the ring formation and self-focusing of the beam have been explored.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

The geometrical-optics law of reflection for electromagnetic waves in magnetically confined plasmas: Specular reflection of rays at the last closed flux surface

Within the geometrical-optics approximation, it is shown that the reflection of rays describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves in fusion-grade, magnetically confined plasmas and impinging on the last closed flux surface, or plasma surface, is necessarily specular or mirror-like. More precisely, the component of the wave vector tangential to that surface does not change, whereas the component normal to it reverses its sign while keeping its magnitude. The well-known law of reflection, stating that the angle of incidence equals that of reflection, is thus generalized to anisotropic media.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electromagnetic bound states in the radiation continuum for periodic double arrays of subwavelength dielectric cylinders

Electromagnetic bound states in the radiation continuum are studied for periodic double arrays of subwavelength dielectric cylinders in TM polarization. They are similar to localized waveguide mode solutions of Maxwell's equations for metal cavities or defects of photonic crystals, but, in contrast to the latter, their spectrum lies in the radiation continuum. The phenomenon is identical to the existence of bound states in the radiation continuum in quantum mechanics, discovered by von Neumann and Wigner. In the formal scattering theory, these states appear as resonances with the vanishing width. For the system studied, the bound states are shown to exist at specific distances between the arrays in the spectral region where one or two diffraction channels are open. Analytic solutions are obtained for all bound states (below the radiation continuum and in it) in the limit of thin cylinders (the cylinder radius is much smaller than the wavelength). The existence of bound states is also established in the spectral region where three and more diffraction channels are open, provided the dielectric constant and radius of the cylinders are fine-tuned. The near field and scattering resonances of the structure are investigated when the distance between the arrays varies in a neighborhood of its critical values at which the bound states are formed. In particular, it is shown that the near field in the scattering process becomes significantly amplified in specific regions of the array as the distance approaches its critical values. The effect may be used to control optical nonlinear effects by varying the distance between the arrays near its critical values.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Dark-state polariton in magnetized plasma under electromagnetically induced transparency

This paper derives a wave equation in magnetized plasma under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime for probe electron cyclotron wave. The equation has a solution indicating a state analogous to 'dark-state polaritons' [M. Fleischhauer and M. D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5094 (2000)] in quantum atomic system. The state analogous to dark-state polaritons is a propagating coupled state of the probe-wave electric field and longitudinal plasma oscillation. The propagation of the coupled state can be stopped as its waveform is maintained if injection of pump wave is properly controlled in time domain. The 'stop-light' is achieved by adiabatic transition from a state in which the probe-wave field is dominant to a state in which the longitudinal plasma oscillation is dominant. This study also recaptures a phenomenon analogous to 'coherent population trap' in conventional EIT of quantum atomic system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Rectangular Pulsed Laser-Electromagnetic Hybrid Accelerator

Experimental investigation of impulse-bit and propellant consumption rate, or mass shot, per single pulse discharge was conducted to characterize the thrust performance of the rectangular laser-electromagnetic hybrid acceleration thruster with various propellant materials. From the result, alumina propellant showed significantly superior performance. The largest values of the measured impulse-bit, specific impulse and thrust efficiency were 49 {mu}Nsec, 6,200 sec and 22%, respectively.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Adiabatic description of capture into resonance and surfatron acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves

We present an analytical and numerical study of the surfatron acceleration of nonrelativistic charged particles by electromagnetic waves. The acceleration is caused by capture of particles into resonance with one of the waves. We investigate capture for systems with one or two waves and provide conditions under which the obtained results can be applied to systems with more than two waves. In the case of a single wave, the once captured particles never leave the resonance and their velocity grows linearly with time. However, if there are two waves in the system, the upper bound of the energy gain may exist and we find the analytical value of that bound. We discuss several generalizations including the relativistic limit, different wave amplitudes, and a wide range of the waves' wavenumbers. The obtained results are used for qualitative description of some phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Covariance for electromagnetic current for two bosons at higher order in the light front

We show that the electromagnetic current for a system composed by two charged bosons has a structure of many bodies even in the impulse approximation, when described in the time x{sup +}. In terms of the two body component for the bound state, the current contains two body operators. We discuss the process of pair creation by the photon and interpret it as a zero mode contribution to the current and its consequences for the components of currents in the light front.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Chiral symmetry breaking and electromagnetic structure of the nucleon

The electromagnetic form factors are the most fundamental quantities to describe the internal structure of the nucleon and are related to the charge radii of the baryons. We have calculated the charge radii of octet baryons in the framework of chiral constituent quark model with the inclusion of the spin-spin generated configuration mixing. This model is quite successful in predicting the low energy hadron matrix elements. The results obtained in the case of charge radii are also comparable to the latest experimental studies and show improvement over some theoretical interpretations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The interaction of electromagnetic wave and plasma wave in an electron beam-ion channel system

The features of the waves and the instability induced by the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) wave with plasma wave in the electron beam-ion channel system are studied. Characteristics of waves in the system are displayed through the dispersion relation and two kinds of EM instabilities are found. The first one is excited by the interaction of the fast plasma wave and the forward EM wave, and the other one is induced by the coupling of the fast plasma wave and the backward EM wave, the numerical results show that this is caused by the virtual cathode oscillation. The conditions of these EM instabilities are given and the related physical mechanisms have been discussed in detail.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves

Hybrid Vlasov-Fourier modeling is used to investigate the nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves driven by proton temperature anisotropy in plasmas with a population of He{sup +} ions and a cold proton background. In the pure proton-electron plasma, most of the free energy is converted into high-amplitude waves and currents. In the nonlinear stage, within a few hundred proton gyroperiods after the saturation, the wave spectrum shifts toward lower wave numbers and frequencies, from {omega}{approx}0.6{Omega}{sub p} to below {omega}{approx}0.25{Omega}{sub p}. In the presence of even a small population of He{sup +} ions almost all of the free energy is used in He{sup +} heating. The wave activity in the saturated state moves from the linearly unstable upper branch to the linearly stable lower one. In the presence of a background of cold protons, the waves can propagate in the frequency stop-band. Our results demonstrate that linear stability theory cannot be used to estimate the characteristics of the expected saturated wave spectra in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Significantly, our nonlinear simulations produce wave spectra which are in close agreement with the EMIC waves observed in situ by satellites as well as by ground-based magnetometers positioned at the ends of the magnetic field lines.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗