Updated NC Delta Radiative Single Photon LEE Analysis From MicroBooNE
Updated NC Delta Radiative Single Photon LEE Analysis from MicroBooNE
Hagaman, Lee↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
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Report on the HP-CAT Workshop-2023 held at the Advanced Photon Source
The conceptual framework and the founding partner and institutional agreements for the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HP-CAT) were established in late 1990’s. In the following years, core infrastructure of HP-CAT was built at sector 16 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and the first x-ray light was delivered on July 19, 2002 at 7:00pm – followed by an official commemoration ceremony on July 26, 2002.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Four Channel Time Multiplexed Photonic Doppler Velocimetry using an Optical Switch
Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) is a diagnostic commonly used in shock physics and dynamic compression experiments to reliably get velocity information from experiments. In PDV systems, a common method of reducing experimental cost is to use time and frequency multiplexing to increase the number of PDV probes. With time multiplexing, interference between probes is a frequent problem. In this report, we look at using a high-speed optical switch to reduce this interference, including measuring the amount of interference generated to determine if it has the potential to affect experiments and integrating a time multiplexing system into an experiment. We find that, when applied to PDV systems, there is approximately (-23.4 ± 0.9) dB of interference measured in the short time Fourier transform between switch inputs. When an optical switch based time multiplexing system was integrated into a dynamic compression experiment, the system was able to successfully combine the signals from four different PDV probes onto a single optical cable without unacceptable levels of interference in the spectrogram. An optical switch based time multiplexing system appears to be a promising method for reducing the cost of fielding larger numbers of PDV probes in an experiment.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Spin-Controllable Dynamics in Defect-Engineered Carbon Nanotubes as Single Photon Emitters: Data-Driven Modeling and Computations
Quantum technologies, such as quantum computing and sensing, require efficient single-photon emission (SPE) sources that operate at room temperature in telecom wavelengths. While several materials can serve as SPE sources, no single platform meets all the criteria for efficiency, ambient operation, and scalability. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with covalently attached molecules offer a promising solution. Their SPE can be easily tuned via modifications of the SWCNT's diameter, chirality, and bonded molecules, enabling emission across near-IR to telecom wavelengths at ambient conditions. However, to fully realize the potential of SWCNTs and unlock their quantum capabilities, a deeper understanding of how structural defects from molecular adducts affect their emission and competing photoexcited processes is essential. To address this gap in our knowledge, this project combined quantum chemistry calculations with data-driven methods of cheminformatics (QSAR) and machine learning (ML). The developed computational approaches have provided several design strategies for covalent functionalization of SWCNTs to improve their optical response. The collaboration with Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) enabled direct comparison of computational and experimental data, facilitating method validation. This partnership was enhanced through access to LANL's Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) utilizing User Facility Program and summer internships, which provided three NDSU graduate students with hands-on experience at LANL. The outcomes of this project included (1) Advancing the current stage of computational methods in accurate modeling of non-adiabatic spin-dependent photoexcited dynamics and its applicability to nanosystems consisting of thousands of atoms, realized as open-access codes linked to existing DFT-based software; (2) Establishing the relationship between the structure of adducts and SWCNTs and intrinsic excitonic and spin properties of defect states for guiding novel synthetic strategies and experimental probes of chemically functionalized SWCNTs as near-IR emitting materials; (3) Generating virtual libraries of hypothetical functionalized SWCNTs for virtual screening of their chemical structures and optical properties, leveraging new functionalities of SWCNTs; (4) Offering a unique experience for NDSU graduate students that prepared them for future scientific careers related to materials modeling and big data processing. These results were summarized in 12 published journal papers and 3 recently submitted papers. One of a key finding is that the position of defect sites on the SWCNT surface primarily drives the emission redshift (up to 100 meV), while the polarity of the defect-inducing molecules has a much smaller effect (~10 meV). However, the electron-donating or withdrawing properties of a molecule influence selecting reactivity of defect sites. These insights important for optimizing synthetic protocols for desired emissions in SWCNTs. We also revealed that the interaction between two defects at various positions on the SWCNT enhances the redshift and optical activity of states, favoring strong near-IR emission. This suggests that manipulations in defect concentrations is a promising strategy for controlling efficient emission. Mostly important, the defect position was found controllable by the spin states of photoexcited intermediates: Excited aromatic molecules form ortho defects with SWCNTs at their singlet states in the presence of oxygen, while oxygen-free conditions favor para defects via the triplet-state mechanism. Additionally, a heat-activated [2+2] cycloaddition reaction facilitates divalent defect formation with fewer bonding positions that narrows emission bands. These groundbreaking findings have been experimentally validated and significantly advance our understanding of defect chemistry in SWCNTs. Using a novel encoding technique and 3D-MoRSE descriptors, we developed highly accurate ML/QSAR models to predict both the 3D structure and optical properties of SWCNTs with chemical defects. This model enabled the creation of a virtual library of 125,556 structures, providing new insights into the relationship between SWCNT-defect structure and emission.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Development of the detector array for photons, protons, and exotic residues
Accurate neutron capture predictions are needed in fundamental and applied science. Empirical models are constrained largely for stable nuclei, but predictions far from stability are needed. Neutron transfer in (d,p) reactions in inverse kinematics with rare isotope beams offer a means to access key aspects of the capture process. To this end, the detector array for photons, protons, and exotic residues (DAPPER) has been designed, built, tested, and used for measurement at Texas A&M University.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
A new capability facilitating nuclear materials research: the Activated Materials Laboratory at the Advanced Photon Source
The Activated Materials Laboratory (AML), located in the Long Beamline Building (LBB) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), serves as a centralized radiological facility for preparing radioactive samples for APS beamline experiments. The AML is equipped to receive shipments, handle open-form radioactive materials, encapsulate samples, and transport samples to-and-from beamline end-stations. The AML works closely with users and the APS radiological safety committee to make sure the safe conduct of experiments.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
SRF cavities and Superconducting qubits for Gravitational Waves and Dark Photons detection
The report is a short review which focuses on the employment of a Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavity for detection of Gravitational Waves (GWs). This first part is inspired by the works of Berlin’s group. In the second part, we analyze also the idea to use a cavity-qubit system for the GWs detection and the Dark Photons (DPs) detection. In this case, the starting point is the work of Dixit’s group which will be extended for SQMS cavities.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Ultra-high Bandwidth, Ultra-high Dynamic Range X-Ray Shock Characterization via Photonic Integrated Circuit
Nuclear weapon component assessment tests at the Z Machine rely on accurate X-ray yield measurements for model validation, design and analysis of component survivability, and source optimization. Yield measurement devices currently used do not provide the requisite certainty to enable accurate and efficient data analysis of test results, which leads to an increase in Z-shots required for evaluation, longer device development times, and higher operation costs. Additionally, current X-ray flux detectors lack high temporal resolution at the tails. Similarly, shock measurement techniques used for component assessment often lack the ability to spatially resolve wave behavior thereby limiting the ability to measure shock propagation dynamics needed to design the next generation of ND components. Here we present the development of a photonic micro-calorimeter and shock sensor consisting of meter-long waveguide spirals that are optomechanically coupled to X-ray absorbing layers to characterize yield and shock propagation at nanosecond timescales.
42 ENGINEERING↗
A Dark Photon Dark Matter Search with a Widely-Tunable SRF Cavity
The SERAPH (SupERconducting Axion and Paraphoton Haloscope) experiment is a family of superconducting haloscopes being developed by the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center to search for wavelike dark matter. This presentation will focus on preliminary results from our dark photon dark matter search using a widely-tunable SRF cavity operating between 4-7 GHz, nicknamed the “plunger cavity.” I will present the cavity design and characterization, analyze the impact of microphonics on system performance and haloscope sensitivity, and describe our tuning methodology for this Q~10^8 cavity. The presentation will cover our haloscope analysis approach and discuss sensitivity limits achieved within this frequency range. Finally, I will outline lessons learned from this first search, implications for future axion searches, and proposed improvements for subsequent SERAPH experiments.
Cervantes, Raphael [Fermilab]↗
The Forward Master Equation for the Joint Neutron-Photon Number Probability Distribution
The model is similar to the Binary Fission Model (BFM) in chapter three of the Stochastic Neutronics Primer Volume I, however, we add photons as a product of induced fission events (IFEs). We will find that tracking the population of an additional particle adds an additional layer of complexity because we are now looking for a joint probability distribution.
42 ENGINEERING↗
A Dark Photon Dark Matter Search with a Widely-Tunable SRF Cavity
The SERAPH (SupERconducting Axion and Paraphoton Haloscope) experiment is a family of superconducting haloscopes being developed by the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center to search for wavelike dark matter. This presentation will focus on preliminary results from our dark photon dark matter search using a widely-tunable SRF cavity operating between 4-7 GHz, nicknamed the "plunger cavity." I will present the cavity design and characterization, analyze the impact of microphonics on system performance and haloscope sensitivity, and describe our tuning methodology for this Q~10^8 cavity. The presentation will cover our haloscope analysis approach and discuss sensitivity limits achieved in this frequency range. Finally, I will outline lessons learned from this first search, implications for future axion searches, and proposed improvements for subsequent SERAPH experiments.
Cervantes, Raphael [Fermilab]↗
Simulation Study of Monoenergetic Photon Source LiDAR System Performance for Emergency Response Applications
The following report summarizes the results of a Monte Carlo simulation and modeling study of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBL) Monoenergetic Photon Source (MPS) as part of a high-energy LiDAR system for use in emergency response applications. A set of image quality indicators (IQI) and nonsensitive phantoms or generalized surrogates for search targets have been identified for use in the planned measurement campaign at the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) Center toward the end FY2023. These items were modeled and the time-of-flight (TOF) spectral responses following irradiation were calculated for a set of varying operating conditions. The goal of this study was to both predict the LiDAR system performance as well as determine if minor modifications to the IQI and phantom designs were required before fabrication. It was found that the IQI and target designs both overlap and extend towards the limit of performance of the system and are thus suitable for the final project measurement campaign.
43 - PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Thin-film Diamond Photonic Crystal Cavities for the Tin-Vacancy Center
We report the coupling of tin-vacancy centers (SnV-) to 1D photonic crystal cavities in diamond thin-films; we observe a quality factor of ~6000 and a 10-fold PL enhancement.
Lee, Hope↗
FY26 Progress Report on the Operation of the Activated Materials Laboratory at the Advanced Photon Source as a Nuclear Science User Facilities Partner Facility
The Activated Materials Laboratory (AML), located in the Long Beamline Building of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), provides a centralized radiological capability for preparing, handling, and supporting synchrotron experiments on activated materials. As a Nuclear Science User Facilities (NSUF) partner facility, the AML enables the receipt of radioactive shipments, open-form sample handling, encapsulation, transport of specimens to and from APS beamlines, and experimentation with dedicated equipment. The partnership includes the APS 1-ID and 20-ID beamlines, which provide high-energy x-ray scattering, tomography, and diffraction microscopy techniques for ex-situ, in-situ, and grainresolved three-dimensional (3D) characterization. All samples supported through the AML and partner beamlines must meet radiological limits of less than 100 mrem/h at 30 cm. This FY26 progress report summarizes the first full year of AML operations as an NSUF partner facility and highlights progress in both user support and capability development. By the end of FY26, the AML had received a total of 10 NSUF-awarded projects, including 2 Consolidated Innovative Nuclear Research (CINR), 7 Rapid Turnaround Experiment (RTE), and 1 Super RTE projects. Beamtime was fully delivered for 3 RTE projects and partially delivered for 1 CINR project, demonstrating successful workflows for receipt, encapsulation, beamline transfer, and radiological experiment execution. These efforts demonstrated safe radiological experiments at APS beamlines for samples with dose rates above the historical 5 mrem/h threshold and now up to 100 mrem/h at 30 cm, marking an important milestone for neutron-irradiated materials research. During FY26, the AML also expanded its experimental capabilities. A Psylotech xTS load frame with in-grip rotation was deployed for room-temperature mechanical testing with threedimensional x-ray characterization during interrupted loading. A Linkam TS1500V vacuum heater was commissioned for thermally driven studies, and temperature calibration experiments were performed to establish specimen-relevant thermal profiles. In parallel, a customized split-tube furnace for high-temperature mechanical testing entered commissioning, and initial work began on robotic sample handling to reduce worker dose and improve operational efficiency. Data workflow and beamline operations continued to mature. Together, these developments demonstrate that the AML is becoming a unique national resource for safe, efficient, and scientifically advanced characterization of activated materials at the APS.
Zhang, Xuan↗
The DUNE Photon Detection System
DUNE is an underground neutrino oscillation experiment that will be performing precision measurements of the PMNS matrix to determine unambiguously the mass ordering and the leptonic CP violation. It also comprises a rich non-accelerator physics program for the detection of supernova neutrinos, nucleon decay, and BSM physics. DUNE employs a high-power neutrino beam under construction at Fermilab together with the DUNE Near Detector, and four liquid argon TPCs (Far Detector) that will be installed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, 1300 km away from the neutrino source. The photon detection system (PDS) – which records the 128 nm scintillation light of argon and provides the time of interaction of the beam neutrinos in the Far Detector - is critical for studying nucleon decay and detecting Supernova Neutrino Bursts. The PDS also complements the calorimetric measurement performed by the TPC (i.e. the charge readout) and contributes to the energy calibration and time performance of the Far Detector. The article is an overview of the design of the PDS for the first DUNE far detector module, with special emphasis on VUV light trapping in a cryogenic environment, its technical challenges, and the expected physics performance. The status of the construction of the PDS and its validation in the Run II of ProtoDUNE-SP will be also presented.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
HPC-Driven Modeling with ML-Based Surrogates for Magnon-Photon Dynamics in Hybrid Quantum System
Here, we introduce a hybrid computational framework that merges HPC-based numerical solvers with physics-informed ML surrogates for efficient modeling of magnon-photon interactions. By running short-duration, high-fidelity Maxwell-LLG simulations and feeding their results into an ML model, we substantially cut simulation time while achieving accurate predictions across larger spatiotemporal domains.
Accuracy↗
An empirical method for geometric calibration of a photon counting detector-based cone beam CT system
BACKGROUND: Geometric calibration is essential in developing a reliable computed tomography (CT) system. It involves estimating the geometry under which the angular projections are acquired. Geometric calibration of cone beam CTs employing small area detectors, such as currently available photon counting detectors (PCDs), is challenging when using traditional-based methods due to detectors’ limited areas. OBJECTIVE: This study presented an empirical method for the geometric calibration of small area PCD-based cone beam CT systems. METHODS: Unlike the traditional methods, we developed an iterative optimization procedure to determine geometric parameters using the reconstructed images of small metal ball bearings (BBs) embedded in a custom-built phantom. An objective function incorporating the sphericities and symmetries of the embedded BBs was defined to assess performance of the reconstruction algorithm with the given initial estimated set of geometric parameters. The optimal parameter values were those which minimized the objective function. The TIGRE toolbox was employed for fast tomographic reconstruction. To evaluate the proposed method, computer simulations were carried out using various numbers of spheres placed in various locations. Furthermore, efficacy of the method was experimentally assessed using a custom-made benchtop PCD-based cone beam CT. RESULTS: Computer simulations validated the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method. The precise estimation of the geometric parameters of the benchtop revealed high-quality imaging in CT reconstruction of a breast phantom. Within the phantom, the cylindrical holes, fibers, and speck groups were imaged in high fidelity. The CNR analysis further revealed the quantitative improvements of the reconstruction performed with the estimated parameters using the proposed method. CONCLUSION: Apart from the computational cost, we concluded that the method was easy to implement and robust.
Instruments & Instrumentation↗
Studying Interfacial Dark Reactions of Glyoxal and Hydrogen Peroxide Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Single Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds at the air–liquid interface is considered as an important source of fine particles in the atmosphere. However, due to the lack of in situ detecting techniques, the detailed interfacial reaction mechanism and dynamics still remain uncertain. In this study, synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization mass spectrometry (VUV SPI-MS) was coupled with the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) to investigate glyoxal dark oxidation products at the aqueous surface. Mass spectral analysis and determination of appearance energies (AEs) suggest that the main products of glyoxal dark interfacial aging are carboxylic acid related oligomers. Furthermore, the VUV SPI-MS results were compared and validated against those of in situ liquid time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The reaction mechanisms of the dark glyoxal interfacial oxidation, obtained using two different approaches, indicate that differences in ionization and instrument operation principles could contribute to their abilities to detect different oligomers. Therefore, the mechanistic differences revealed between the VUV SPI-MS and ToF-SIMS indicate that more in situ and real-time techniques are needed to investigate the contribution of the air–liquid interfacial reactions leading to aqSOA formation.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗