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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Performance considerations for high-definition head-mounted displays

Design image-optimization for helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) for military systems is presently discussed within the framework of a systems-engineering approach that encompasses (1) a description of natural targets in the field; (2) the characteristics of human visual perception; and (3) device specifications that directly relate to these ecological and human-factors parameters. Attention is given to target size and contrast and the relationship of the modulation transfer function to image resolution.

Edwards, Oliver J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The contribution of stars to the AGN line emission

It has been suggested that the presence of red giants in the vicinity of an active nucleus can contribute significantly to the line emission by the reprocessing of the continuum radiation onto the red giant's surface or in the stellar wind that usually accompanies these stars. We present herein the line profiles and the corresponding transfer functions for this model for the line emission, using a realistic phase space distribution function for the stars in the vicinity of the active nucleus.

Taylor, Jason A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Controllability and observability measures for Craig-Bampton substructure representations

Measures of controllability and observability are derived for a Craig-Bampton substructure representation for which fixed interface modes and constraint modes are computed relative to control actuator locations. The measures facilitate modal ordering and act as an index of dynamic completeness for modal truncation. Example problems are given to demonstrate that the controllable and observable reduced substructure models have a greater accuracy in predicting closed loop pole locations, transfer functions and actuation commands than conventional normal mode models.

Triller, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Substructure system identification and synthesis

This paper explores the possibility of performing system identification at the substructure level and then synthesizing the results to obtain a mathematical model for the assembled structure. The study here shows that in order to enforce interface compatibility and equilibrium conditions to the substructure test data, it is necessary to place collocated actuator/sensor pair at every interface degree-of-freedom. Procedures for assembling substructure transfer function data, substructure state-space models, and substructure Markov parameters are presented. Testing difficulties and possible solutions are also discussed. A numerical simulation example is included to illustrate the proposed substructure synthesis methods.

Su, Tzu-Jeng↗
NASA NTRS1993

Modifying real convolutional codes for protecting digital filtering systems

A novel method is proposed for protecting digital filters from temporary and permanent failures that are not easily detected by conventional fault-tolerant computer design principles, on the basis of the error-detecting properties of real convolutional codes. Erroneous behavior is detected by externally comparing the calculated and regenerated parity samples. Great simplifications are obtainable by modifying the code structure to yield simplified parity channels with finite impulse response structures. A matrix equation involving the original parity values of the code and the polynomial of the digital filter's transfer function is formed, and row manipulations separate this equation into a set of homogeneous equations constraining the modifying scaling coefficients and another set which defines the code parity values' implementation.

Redinbo, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Design and analysis of soft X-ray imaging microscopes

The spherical Schwarzschild microscope for soft X-ray applications in microscopy and projection lithography consists of two concentric spherical mirrors configured such that the third-order spherical aberration and coma are zero. Since multilayers are used on the mirror substrates for X-ray applications, it is desirable to have only two reflecting surfaces in a microscope. To reduce microscope aberrations and increase the field of view, generalized mirror surface profiles are here considered. Based on incoherent and sine wave modulation transfer function calculations, the object plane resolution of a microscope has been analyzed as a function of the object height and numerical aperture (NA) of the primary for several spherical Schwarzschild, conic, and aspherical Head reflecting two-mirror microscope configurations. The Head microscope with a NA of 0.4 achieves diffraction limited performance for objects with a diameter of 40 microns. Thus, it seems possible to record images with a feature size less than 100 A with a 40x microscope when using 40 A radiation.

Shealy, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Photometric calibration of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) at low resolution - The LWP camera

We present and discuss the low resolution absolute calibration for the LWP camera of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). The calibration, implemented in routine processing of LWP low resolution images on December 22, 1987 at both GSFC and VILSPA IUE ground stations, is based on the last set of Intensity Transfer Function (ITF 2) obtained in September 1984 and on a substantially larger amount of IUE observations of standard stars than used for the preliminary calibration by Cassatella & Harris (1983) based on the earlier ITF (ITF 1). The new ITF and the associated calibration provide upgraded performances in flux accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio and linearity with respect to the earlier LWP ITF1 which was implemented in processing LWP data obtained in the period from October 16, 1983 until December 21, 1987.

Cassatella, A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Physical and digital simulations for IVA robotics

Space based materials processing experiments can be enhanced through the use of IVA robotic systems. A program to determine requirements for the implementation of robotic systems in a microgravity environment and to develop some preliminary concepts for acceleration control of small, lightweight arms has been initiated with the development of physical and digital simulation capabilities. The physical simulation facilities incorporate a robotic workcell containing a Zymark Zymate II robot instrumented for acceleration measurements, which is able to perform materials transfer functions while flying on NASA's KC-135 aircraft during parabolic manuevers to simulate reduced gravity. Measurements of accelerations occurring during the reduced gravity periods will be used to characterize impacts of robotic accelerations in a microgravity environment in space. Digital simulations are being performed with TREETOPS, a NASA developed software package which is used for the dynamic analysis of systems with a tree topology. Extensive use of both simulation tools will enable the design of robotic systems with enhanced acceleration control for use in the space manufacturing environment.

Hinman, Elaine↗
NASA NTRS1992

MIMO system identification using frequency response data

A solution to the problem of obtaining a multi-input, multi-output statespace model of a system from its individual input/output frequency responses is presented. The Residue Identification Algorithm (RID) identifies the system poles from a transfer function model of the determinant of the frequency response data matrix. Next, the residue matrices of the modes are computed guaranteeing that each input/output frequency response is fitted in the least squares sense. Finally, a realization of the system is computed. Results of the application of RID to experimental frequency responses of a large space structure ground test facility are presented and compared to those obtained via the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm.

Medina, Enrique A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Integrated flight/propulsion control - Subsystem specifications for performance

A procedure is presented for calculating multiple subsystem specifications given a number of performance requirements on the integrated system. This procedure applies to problems where the control design must be performed in a partitioned manner. It is based on a structured singular value analysis, and generates specifications as magnitude bounds on subsystem uncertainties. The performance requirements should be provided in the form of bounds on transfer functions of the integrated system. This form allows the expression of model following, command tracking, and disturbance rejection requirements. The procedure is demonstrated on a STOVL aircraft design.

Neighbors, W. K.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Headphone localization of speech

Three-dimensional acoustic display systems have recently been developed that synthesize virtual sound sources over headphones based on filtering by head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), the direction-dependent spectral changes caused primarily by the pinnae. In this study, 11 inexperienced subjects judged the apparent spatial location of headphone-presented speech stimuli filtered with nonindividualized HRTFs. About half of the subjects 'pulled' their judgments toward either the median or the lateral-vertical planes, and estimates were almost always elevated. Individual differences were pronounced for the distance judgments; 15 to 46 percent of stimuli were heard inside the head, with the shortest estimates near the median plane. The results suggest that most listeners can obtain useful azimuth information from speech stimuli filtered by nonindividualized HRTFs. Measurements of localization error and reversal rates are comparable with a previous study that used broadband noise stimuli.

Begault, Durand R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

In-flight identification of the Galileo spacecraft flexible mode characteristics

The Galileo scan platform is controlled in two degrees of freedom. A clock (Spin Bearing) actuator controls the relative position between the rotor and stator, and a cone actuator controls the position between the stator and the platform. Instruments on the platform are required to point to 140 micro-rad accuracy and 50 micro-rad per second stability. The system identification objectives were to identify dominant structural resonance frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratio which exist in the transfer function between the clock actuator and the gyro sensor; and position the notch filter to limit undesirable actuator torque output to ensure stability and performance.

Wong, Edward C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Experimental implementation of adaptive control for flexible space structures

On-going research at The Aerospace Corporation studying the feasibility of applying adaptive control methodologies to the control of flexible space structures is described. A laboratory testbed was established to test system identification and control approaches. The laboratory set-up and controller design approach are discussed. The ARX least squares parameter estimation technique is analyzed in terms of frequency domain transfer function bias error. This analysis approach enables the determination of the effects of sampling rate, sensor type, and data prefiltering on the estimation performance. The ability to identify space structure dynamics over a range of frequencies is shown to be heavily dependent on these factors.

Mcgraw, Gary A.↗
NASA NTRS1955

Analog Study of Interacting and Noninteracting Multiple-loop Control Systems for Turbojet Engines

The results of an analog investigation of several turbojet-engine control configurations is presented in this report. Both proportional and proportional-plus-integral controllers were studied, and compensating terms for engine interaction were added to the control system. Data were obtained on the stability limits and the transient responses of these various configurations. Analytical expressions in terms of the component transfer functions were developed for the configurations studied, and the optimum form for the compensation terms was determined. It was found that the addition of the integral term, while making the system slower and more oscillatory, was desirable in that it made the final values of the system parameters independent of source of disturbance and also eliminated droop in these parameters. Definite improvement in system characteristics resulted from the use of proper compensation terms. At comparable gain points the compensated system was faster and more stable. Complete compensation eliminated engine interaction, permitting each loop to be developed to an optimum point independently.

Pack, George J↗
NASA NTRS1955

The dynamic-response characteristics of a 35 degree swept-wing airplane as determined from flight measurements

The longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamic-response characteristics of a 35 degree swept-wing fighter-type airplane determined from flight measurements are presented and compared with predictions based on theoretical studies and wind-tunnel data. Flights were made at an altitude of 35,000 feet covering the Mach number range of 0.50 to 1.04. A limited amount of lateral-directional data were also obtained at 10,000 feet. The flight consisted essentially of recording transient responses to pilot-applied pulsed motions of each of the three primary control surfaces. These transient data were converted into frequency-response form by means of the Fourier transformation and compared with predicted responses calculated from the basic equations. Experimentally determined transfer functions were used for the evaluation of the stability derivatives that have the greatest effect on the dynamic response of the airplane. The values of these derivatives, in most cases, agreed favorably with predictions over the Mach number range of the test.

Triplett, William C↗
NASA NTRS1994

Adjustable Fiber Optic Microwave Transversal Filters

Microwave transversal filters implemented as adjustable tapped fiber optic delay lines developed. Main advantages of these filters (in comparison with conventional microwave transversal filters) are small size, light weight, no need for matching of radio-frequency impedances, no need for shielding against electromagnetic radiation at suboptical frequencies, no need for mechanical tuning, high stability of amplitude and phase, and active control of transfer functions. Weights of taps in fiber optic delay lines adjusted.

Shadaram, Mehdi↗
NASA NTRS1993

The ideal Kolmogorov inertial range and constant

The energy transfer statistics measured in numerically simulated flows are found to be nearly self-similar for wavenumbers in the inertial range. Using the measured self-similar form, an 'ideal' energy transfer function and the corresponding energy flux rate were deduced. From this flux rate, the Kolmogorov constant was calculated to be 1.5, in excellent agreement with experiments.

Zhou, YE↗