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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

The Integration of Wi-Fi Location-Based Services to Optimize Energy Efficient Commercial Building Operations

This project investigated and demonstrated the use of Wi-Fi Location-Based Services (LBS) to perform occupancy sensing in commercial buildings. Wi-Fi LBS can be used to detect the presence of Wi-Fi enabled mobile devices and laptops that accompany occupants as they move through the building. These signals can be used to determine occupant presence, head count, and location. When integrated with the building automation system, this emerging technology approach can be used to manage other connected systems such as lighting and HVAC to reduce energy usage in the building and improve occupant comfort. An open source location detection algorithm was developed, which uses data collected from three or more Wi-Fi access points to determine the presence and estimate the location of mobile devices and laptops. Access points can detect Wi-Fi enabled devices even if they are not connected to the existing Wi-Fi network. Building occupancy is determined based on the presence, location, and movement of these devices through the space. From lab and small-scale in-situ testing, the Location Detection Algorithm (LDA) was found to be accurate to within 10 feet and could be further refined by tuning the algorithm for the specific space characteristics such as layout and obstructions (walls, furniture, etc.). An open source method to integrate the occupancy data with existing building automations systems was investigated. The Wi-Fi occupancy sensing approach was then demonstrated and validated at commercial buildings located in Saint Paul, MN; Madison, WI; New York City; and Fort Worth, TX.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

IoT-Based Comfort Control and Fault Diagnostics System for Energy-Efficient Homes

This project studies an Internet of Things (IoT)-based comfort control and fault diagnostics system (referred as iComfort in this report) for energy-efficient homes. The system delivers an occupant-comfort-oriented thermal environment adaptive to fault scenarios and achieves HVAC energy savings in a cost-effective and straightforward way. This smart iComfort home system consists of the following key features. 1) Cost-effectiveness and scalability of the entire hardware and software system: The system includes low-cost temperature, humidity, and airflow sensors, and a Raspberry Pi-based local hub that interfaces with the cloud and IoT-enabled devices. The cost is low, not only for sensors, but also the costs associated with sensor installation, system setup and commissioning, data communication and storage, and data analytics (e.g., the development of automated fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD), as well as adaptive control strategies that are both computationally efficient and practical to implement). 2) Energy performance and user satisfaction: The system delivers user satisfaction and energy savings. This includes a) ease of use, b) optimal occupant thermal comfort, and c) accurate system feedback (e.g., low false alarm of AFDD strategies). 3) Favorable demonstrated prototype performance: The prototype tested at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Lab Homes demonstrates the accuracy of fault detections and diagnoses and shows thermal comfort improvement and energy savings through adaptive and optimal HVAC operations.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

PV Module Operating Temperature - Data and Resources

The Photovoltaic Systems Evaluation Laboratory (PSEL) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque, NM has an extensive test site where PV modules and other system components are deployed and monitored for testing and evaluation. For this dataset PV Performance Labs has assembled one year of measurements from the Systems Long-Term Evaluation (SLTE) project (formerly known as PV Lifetime) providing the main variables needed to investigate and validate PV module operating temperature models: irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and back-of-module temperature. For use with more advanced thermal modeling, an estimate of down-welling long-wave radiation is also included.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1980

Development of advanced avionics systems applicable to terminal-configured vehicles

A technique to add the time constraint to the automatic descent feature of the existing L-1011 aircraft Flight Management System (FMS) was developed. Software modifications were incorporated in the FMS computer program and the results checked by lab simulation and on a series of eleven test flights. An arrival time dispersion (2 sigma) of 19 seconds was achieved. The 4 D descent technique can be integrated with the time-based metering method of air traffic control. Substantial reductions in delays at today's busy airports should result.

Heimbold, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Overview of Fundamental High-Lift Research for Transport Aircraft at NASA

NASA has had a long history in fundamental and applied high lift research. Current programs provide a focus on the validation of technologies and tools that will enable extremely short take off and landing coupled with efficient cruise performance, simple flaps with flow control for improved effectiveness, circulation control wing concepts, some exploration into new aircraft concepts, and partnership with Air Force Research Lab in mobility. Transport high-lift development testing will shift more toward mid and high Rn facilities at least until the question: "How much Rn is required" is answered. This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of High-Lift research at NASA.

Leavitt, L. D.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Insulation Reformulation Development

The current Space Launch System (SLS) internal solid rocket motor insulation, polybenzimidazole acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (PBI-NBR), is a new insulation that replaced asbestos-based insulations found in Space Shuttle heritage solid rocket boosters. PBI-NBR has some outstanding characteristics such as an excellent thermal erosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, and low density. PBI-NBR also has some significant challenges associated with its use: Air entrainment/entrapment during manufacture and lay-up/cure and low mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and fracture toughness. This technology development attempted to overcome these challenges by testing various reformulated versions of booster insulation. The results suggest the SLS program should continue to investigate material alternatives for potential block upgrades or use an entirely new, more advanced booster. The experimental design was composed of a logic path that performs iterative formulation and testing in order to maximize the effort. A lab mixing baseline was developed and documented for the Rubber Laboratory in Bldg. 4602/Room 1178.

Chapman, Cynthia↗
NASA NTRS2015

Portable Virtual Training Units

The Mission Operations Lab initiated a project to design, develop, deliver, test, and validate a unique training system for astronaut and ground support personnel. In an effort to keep training costs low, virtual training units (VTUs) have been designed based on images of actual hardware and manipulated by a touch screen style interface for ground support personnel training. This project helped modernized the training system and materials by integrating them with mobile devices for training when operators or crew are unavailable to physically train in the facility. This project also tested the concept of a handheld remote device to control integrated trainers using International Space Station (ISS) training simulators as a platform. The portable VTU can interface with the full-sized VTU, allowing a trainer co-located with a trainee to remotely manipulate a VTU and evaluate a trainee's response. This project helped determine if it is useful, cost effective, and beneficial for the instructor to have a portable handheld device to control the behavior of the models during training. This project has advanced NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) VTU capabilities with modern and relevant technology to support space flight training needs of today and tomorrow.

Malone, Reagan↗
NASA NTRS2017

Ames Engineering Directorate

The Ames Engineering Directorate is the principal engineering organization supporting aerospace systems and spaceflight projects at NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley. The Directorate supports all phases of engineering and project management for flight and mission projects-from R&D to Close-out-by leveraging the capabilities of multiple divisions and facilities.The Mission Design Center (MDC) has full end-to-end mission design capability with sophisticated analysis and simulation tools in a collaborative concurrent design environment. Services include concept maturity level (CML) maturation, spacecraft design and trades, scientific instruments selection, feasibility assessments, and proposal support and partnerships. The Engineering Systems Division provides robust project management support as well as systems engineering, mechanical and electrical analysis and design, technical authority and project integration support to a variety of programs and projects across NASA centers. The Applied Manufacturing Division turns abstract ideas into tangible hardware for aeronautics, spaceflight and science applications, specializing in fabrication methods and management of complex fabrication projects. The Engineering Evaluation Lab (EEL) provides full satellite or payload environmental testing services including vibration, temperature, humidity, immersion, pressure/altitude, vacuum, high G centrifuge, shock impact testing and the Flight Processing Center (FPC), which includes cleanrooms, bonded stores and flight preparation resources. The Multi-Mission Operations Center (MMOC) is composed of the facilities, networks, IT equipment, software and support services needed by flight projects to effectively and efficiently perform all mission functions, including planning, scheduling, command, telemetry processing and science analysis.

Small Satellites↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Processing Frozen Apollo Samples in a Nitrogen Environment

A few weeks after their return to Earth, several Apollo 17 regolith sample splits and one Apollo 17 basalt were frozen at -20˚C (under dry gaseous N2 like all other pristine Apollo samples), and have remained essentially unstudied within the Apollo sample collection at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC). As part of the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) project, these frozen samples were selected for consortium study in 2019. Although the samples themselves were kept at -20˚C for nearly 50 years, the JSC Curation office has lacked a facility for processing frozen samples under pristine Apollo processing conditions. A temporary lab for this work was designed, built, and tested. Procedures were then developed for working in this unique environment, and the facility was sucessfully used to process the frozen Apollo samples for scientific allocation.

ANGSA↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Helmet-Mounted Display Technology for Eva Training in NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab

Currently, during extravehicular activity (EVA) on the International Space Station (ISS), astronauts are in constant communication with mission control; however, this paradigm will significantly change during future NASA exploration missions due to limited and time-delayed communications. As exploration missions will thereby require an increase in crew autonomy, it is hypothesized that heads-up display (HUD) technology can supplement communications with mission control. Before introducing novel display technology to EVA operations, it must first be demonstrated and evaluated in an EVA training environment. The UC Davis Center for Spaceflight Research, in collaboration with NASA Johnson Space Center’s Human Physiology, Performance, Protection, and Operations (H-3PO) Lab has developed a low-cost and rapid development helmet-mounted display (HMD) for EVA training at NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL). The first two phases of HMD testing (Phase I and II) at the NBL focused on technology and capability development and demonstration. Crew member feedback was obtained that evaluated aspects of HMD including its user satisfaction, visibility, readability, and usefulness. Overall, feedback indicated HMD was readable, un-obtrusive, and the available display modes had potential to be useful and enhance EVA training. HMD display modes currently available include: real-time biofeedback (metabolic rate), phase elapsed time (PET), ability to set timers, task procedural aids (e.g. Pistol Grip Tool settings) and custom messages. The goal for Phase III, which is currently underway, is to evaluate the effects that access to bioinformatics through HMD has on astronaut training and performance at the NBL. For this phase of testing, crewmembers will be asked to perform a go/no-go task while wearing HMD throughout the NBL run to characterize crew member state of situational awareness with respect to HMD. This information could be used to inform how best to display relatively important or supplemental, but not critical, data in the future.

Heads up display↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using Wi-Fi Location-Based Services (LBS) for Commercial Building Occupancy Sensing

From May 2019 through October 2022, this DOE-funded project investigated and demonstrated the use of Wi-Fi Location-Based Services (LBS) to perform occupancy sensing in commercial buildings. Wi-Fi LBS can be used to detect the presence of Wi-Fi enabled mobile devices and laptops that accompany occupants as they move through the building. These signals can be used to determine occupant presence, head count, and location. When integrated with the building automation system, this emerging technology approach can be used to manage other connected systems such as lighting and HVAC to reduce energy usage in the building and improve occupant comfort. An open source location detection algorithm was developed, which uses data collected from three or more Wi-Fi access points to determine the presence and estimate the location of mobile devices and laptops. Access points can detect Wi-Fi enabled devices even if they are not connected to the existing Wi-Fi network. Building occupancy is determined based on the presence, location, and movement of these devices through the space. From lab and small-scale in-situ testing, the Location Detection Algorithm (LDA) was found to be accurate to within 10 feet and could be further refined by tuning the algorithm for the specific space characteristics such as layout and obstructions (walls, furniture, etc.). An open source method to integrate the occupancy data with existing building automations systems was investigated. The Wi-Fi occupancy sensing approach was then demonstrated and validated at two commercial buildings located in Minnesota and Wisconsin.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Simulation of Proposed Heat Treatment Methods for the Sister Rods

The High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project (the 'project'), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), is focused on experimentally evaluating the effects of long-term dry storage and transportation on high burnup (HBU) pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel (>45 gigawatt days per metric ton uranium). The goals of the project are to provide confirmatory data for analytical model validation and potential improvement; to provide input to future dry storage cask design; to support license renewals and new licenses for Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation facilities; and to support transportation licensing for high burnup used fuel. In support of these project goals, an instrumented TN-32B bolted-lid cask (the Research Project Cask or RPC) at the North Anna reactor site will be loaded with intact, HBU PWR fuel assemblies (Project Assemblies) having four different kinds of cladding: standard Zircaloy-4, low-tin Zircaloy-4, ZIRLO{sup R}, and M5{sup R}. In approximately ten years, the instrumented cask will be opened for inspection and several fuel rods from the Project Assemblies will be characterized. The project has also removed 25 'sister rods' from assemblies at North Anna: 9 directly from the project assemblies and 16 from similarly constructed and operated HBU assemblies. The 25 sister rods are all high burnup and cover the range of domestically-used cladding alloys. The 25 sister rods were shipped to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in early 2016 for detailed non-destructive examinations (NDE) followed by destructive examination (DE). Examination of the sister rods will provide a baseline for comparison with the cask rods and will allow for separate effects testing. Dry storage canister loading is completed under water in a designated area of the plant's spent fuel pool. In preparation for dry storage, the fuel assemblies and canister cavity must be drained and dried. Typically, the highest temperatures experienced by the fuel during dry storage are encountered either during drying or transfer of the canister to the storage pad; therefore, as a part of the sister rod testing these temperatures will be simulated in the lab to produce samples that are representative of the peak cladding temperature the fuel experiences either during drying, transfer, or storage. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Demonstrate and De-Risk an Internally Lined Tank Design for Molten-Salt Thermal Energy Storage Benefitting CSP and Nuclear-Energy Sectors

The LIMOSA project extends the Gen3 CSP "Liquid Pathway" project to evaluate 720 degrees C thermal energy storage based on molten chloride salts. While SETO selected the Particle Pathway for Gen3 demonstration, LIMOSA was created to resolve a major risk factor with molten chloride salts - the design of the salt storage tank. The project team designed and assembled a test system leveraging experience from Oak Ridge National Lab and the Liquid Pathway Phases 1 and 2. The key innovation in the project is development of a graphite-foil barrier to protect insulation from salt intrusion and wetting.

chloride salt↗
DOE OSTI2013

Technology Solutions Case Study: Improving the Field Performance of Natural Gas Furnaces

The objective of this project is to examine the impact that common installation practices and age-induced equipment degradation may have on the installed performance of natural gas furnaces, as measured by steady-state efficiency and AFUE. PARR identified twelve furnaces of various ages and efficiencies that were operating in residential homes in the Des Moines Iowa metropolitan area and worked with a local HVAC contractor to retrieve them and test them for steady-state efficiency and AFUE in the lab. Prior to removal, system airflow, static pressure, equipment temperature rise, and flue loss measurements were recorded for each furnace. After removal from the field the furnaces were transported to the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) laboratory, where PARR conducted steady-state efficiency and AFUE testing. The test results show that steady-state efficiency in the field was 6.4% lower than that measured for the same furnaces under standard conditions in the lab, which included tuning the furnace input and air flow rate. Comparing AFUE measured under ASHRAE standard conditions with the label value shows no reduction in efficiency for the furnaces in this study over their 15 to 24 years of operation when tuned to standard conditions. Further analysis of the data showed no significant correlation between efficiency change and the age or the rated efficiency of the furnace.

AFUE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of a Smart Distribution System

This paper presents the results of the third and final phase of the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) INTEGRATE demonstration: Smart Distribution. For this demonstration, high penetrations of solar PV and wind energy systems were simulated in a power hardware-in-the-loop set-up using a smart distribution test feeder. Simulated and real DERs were controlled by a real-time control platform, which manages grid constraints under high clean energy deployment levels. The power HIL testing, conducted at NREL's ESIF smart power lab, demonstrated how dynamically managing DER increases the grid's hosting capacity by leveraging active network management's (ANM) safe and reliable control framework. Results are presented for how ANM's real-time monitoring, automation, and control can be used to manage multiple DERs and multiple constraints associated with high penetrations of DER on a distribution grid. The project also successfully demonstrated the importance of escalating control actions given how ANM enables operation of grid equipment closer to their actual physical limit in the presence of very high levels of intermittent DER.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2013

Improving the Field Performance of Natural Gas Furnaces, Chicago, Illinois (Fact Sheet)

The objective of this project is to examine the impact that common installation practices and age-induced equipment degradation may have on the installed performance of natural gas furnaces, as measured by steady-state efficiency and AFUE. PARR identified twelve furnaces of various ages and efficiencies that were operating in residential homes in the Des Moines Iowa metropolitan area and worked with a local HVAC contractor to retrieve them and test them for steady-state efficiency and AFUE in the lab. Prior to removal, system airflow, static pressure, equipment temperature rise, and flue loss measurements were recorded for each furnace. After removal from the field the furnaces were transported to the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) laboratory, where PARR conducted steady-state efficiency and AFUE testing. The test results show that steady-state efficiency in the field was 6.4% lower than that measured for the same furnaces under standard conditions in the lab, which included tuning the furnace input and air flow rate. Comparing AFUE measured under ASHRAE standard conditions with the label value shows no reduction in efficiency for the furnaces in this study over their 15 to 24 years of operation when tuned to standard conditions. Further analysis of the data showed no significant correlation between efficiency change and the age or the rated efficiency of the furnace.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

24.1.3.1.1 – Frisch Grid CZT Spectrometer

During FY18, BNL continued helping FLIR to integrate the instrument prototype, improving the readout software and testing electronics. BNL and LLNL carried out more measurements with the 4x4 arrays in laboratory conditions using several Cs sources and reanalyzed the raw data from the field measurements. LLNL processed the old recalibrated data and new data collected in the lab. These efforts allowed us to understand the cause of the discrepancies observed during the measurements at the Westinghouse Fuel Fabrication Facility (WFFF). The problem was traced back to the original ASIC and DAQ firmware provided by the ASIC developers. A program error and some other deficiencies were identified in the original firmware. These problems, which caused missing some detected events from the data stream, never showed up in the lab environment. So, they were not spotted before the field test. The ASIC designers are currently working to address these problems and will provide the updated firmware for the next field measurements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗