SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “coating”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2021

Turbomachine component with coating-capturing feature for thermal insulation

The disclosure relates to turbomachine components which include one or more coating-capturing features for thermal insulation. A turbomachine component may include: a body having an exterior surface positioned within a hot gas path (HGP) section of a turbomachine; and a coating-capturing feature mounted on the exterior surface of the body and in thermal communication with the HGP section of the turbomachine, wherein the coating-capturing feature comprises: a first member positioned on the exterior surface of the body, the first member having at least one outer sidewall defining a first perimeter of the coating-capturing feature, a second member positioned on the first member and having at least one outer sidewall defining a second perimeter of the coating-capturing feature, wherein the first member separates the second member from the exterior surface of the body, and an indentation positioned between the first and second members.

Berry, Jonathan Dwight↗

DOE OSTI2021

Removable smart sequestration coatings for hazardous metals

Materials are disclosed for the safe sequestration and removal of hazardous contaminants from a surface. The materials can be sprayed, rolled, painted, brushed or dip coated onto any surface and allowed to dry and/or cure at room temperature or drying/curing can be accelerated by the application of heat to form a coating that entraps the contaminant therein. The coating and the entrapped contaminant can then peeled from the surface and safely disposed of to minimize hazardous waste. The coating includes a colorimetric additive that is specific to the contaminant, the coating and the contaminant producing a visual indication of contamination.

Sampathkumaran, Uma↗

DOE OSTI2022

Fused anti-soiling and anti-reflective coatings

A method for applying a coating to a surface includes the step of providing a reaction mixture comprising a silicon alkoxide and an alcohol. A reaction limiting amount of water is added. The silicon alkoxides and water are allowed to react to form silica precursor particles during an initial reaction period. A coating precursor composition is prepared by adding an acid soluble in the alcohol to the reaction mixture during a second reaction period after the initial reaction period. The precursor silica particles grow to form silica nanofeatures having a major dimension that is larger than a major dimension of the silica precursor particles. The coating precursor composition is applied to a surface, and the alcohol and water are allowed to evaporate and the silica nanofeatures to adhere to the surface and form a nanostructured layer on the surface. A coating precursor composition and a coated article are also disclosed.

Lee, Dominic F.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Oil skimmer with oleophilic coating

A method of fabricating an coating includes providing a coating comprising a base material. The base material is coated with an inorganic material using at least one of an atomic layer deposition (ALD), a molecular layer deposition (MLD), or sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) process. The SIS process includes at least one cycle of exposing the coating to a first metal precursor for a first predetermined time and a first partial pressure. The first metal precursor infiltrates at least a portion of the base material and binds with the base material. The coating is exposed to a second co-reactant precursor for a second predetermined time and a second partial pressure. The second co-reactant precursor reacts with the first metal precursor, thereby forming the inorganic material on the base material. The inorganic material infiltrating at least the portion of the base material. The inorganic material is functionalized with a material.

Darling, Seth B.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Coated fiber optic chemical and radiation sensors

Distributed fiber optic chemical and radiation sensors formed by coating the fibers with certain types of response materials are provided. For distributed chemical sensors, the coatings are reactive with the targets; the heat absorbed or released during a reaction will cause a local temperature change on the fiber. For distributed radiation sensors, coating a fiber with a scintillator enhances sensitivity toward thermal neutrons, for example, by injecting light into the fiber. The luminescent components in these materials are taken from conjugated polymeric and oligomeric dyes, metal organic frameworks with sorbed dyes, and two-photon-absorbing semiconductors. The compositions may exhibit strong gamma rejection. Other scintillators combining luminescent materials with neutron converters are available. With a multiple-layer coating, it may be possible to identify the presence of both neutrons and gamma rays, for example. Coatings may be applied during manufacture or in the field.

Lamberti, Vincent E.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Composition and method embodiments for plating metal coatings

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a coating composition and a method of using the same for forming metal coatings on substrates. In particular embodiments, the coating composition comprises a deep eutectic solvent and/or an ionic liquid; a metal precursor; an alkali metal salt; and an optional additive component. The coating composition and method embodiments disclosed herein provide durable, even, high-surface area coatings on various types of substrates and also can be used at low temperatures.

Hubbard, Lance R.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Preservation of the High Quality Factor and Accelerating Gradient of Nb3Sn-coated Cavity During Pair Assembly

Two CEBAF 5-cell accelerator cavities have been coated with Nb3Sn film using the vapor diffusion technique. One cavity was coated in the Jefferson Lab Nb3Sn cavity coating system, and the other in the Fermilab Nb3Sn coating system. Both cavities were measured at 4 K and 2 K in the vertical dewar test in each lab and then assembled into a cavity pair at Jefferson Lab. Previous attempts to assemble Nb3Sn cavities into a cavity pair degraded the superconducting properties of Nb3Sn-coated cavities. This contribution discusses the efforts to identify and mitigate the pair assembly challenges and will present the results of the vertical tests before and after pair assembly. Notably, one of the cavities reached the highest gradient above 80 mT in the vertical test after the pair assembly.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Commissioning of Dedicated Furnace for Nb3Sn Coatings of 2.6 GHz Single Cell Cavities

We present the results of commissioning a dedicated furnace for Nb3Sn coatings of 2.6 GHz single cell cavities. Nb3Sn is a desired coating due to its high critical temperature and smaller surface resistance compared to bulk Nb. Usage of Nb3Sn coated cavities will greatly reduce operating costs due to decreased dependance on cryo cooling. Tin is deposited by use of a tin chloride nucleation agent and tin vapor diffusion. Analysis of the resultant coating was performed using SEM/EDS to verify successful formation of Nb3Sn. Witness samples in line of sight of the source were used in order to understand the coating efficacy.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Applying protective coatings to optical fibers

Apparatus, systems, and methods that provide coats on a glass optical fiber including of an inner layer and an outer layer. The method includes two steps. First, a conductive polymer coating is applied to the optical fiber as it is being produced. Second, a protective coating is applied to that conductive polymer coating. The conductive polymer coating is applied immediately after the fiber is drawn from preform to fiber.

Calta, Nicholas P.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Removable smart sequestration coatings for hazardous metals

Sampathkumaran, Uma↗

DOE OSTI2024

Phase-Field Model Incorporating Large Inelastic Strain with Application to the Oxidation of High-Temperature Coating Systems

Structural metallic and ceramic materials at high temperatures often suffer from creep, fatigue and oxidation, which typically involves local large inelastic strain. The large strain is usually approached by Lagrangian-description-based finite deformation theory. Here we develop an efficient, Eulerian-description-based, Incremental Realization of Inelastic Deformation (IRID) algorithm to deal with large inelastic strain with small elastic strain. We apply this algorithm to simulate high temperature oxidation with severe volume expansion using a phase-field approach. The oxidation and deformation of bond coat can lead to spallation and failure of the thermal barrier coatings (TBC) and environmental barrier coatings (EBC), which is a critical concern in design of these coatings. We simulate the growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) in these coating systems, with phase transformations and microstructure evolution incorporated. The simulation results are compared with relevant experimental reports in the literature.

Cheng, Tianle↗

DOE OSTI2025

Improving Stability of an Optical Fiber pH Sensor with a Calcined Polyethylenimine-Coating at High Pressures and Temperatures

With an increased interest in subsurface gas storage technology for various energy applications, monitoring wellbore structural stability and subsurface geochemistry has become more pressing, and pH is a key parameter to measure. As high pressure and elevated temperatures in subsurface conditions are comparatively harsh relative to that expected for most standard pH sensor designs, any pH monitoring hardware must be designed for extended exposure to high pressures and temperatures. We previously reported that an optical fiber pH sensor functionalized with a calcined polyethylenimine coating had shown some promise as a high temperature and pressure pH sensor but with some drifting when operating for longer than 8 hours. In this paper, we investigated the coating composition and potential cause of the drifting and improved the stability of the prepared coating to minimize sensor drift under simulated wellbore conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) had previously shown moderate cracking at high pressures over short tests. By applying X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the sensor coating before and after one week of testing in an H2/CH4 gas blend at 80°C and 900 psi, a compositional change in the coating was observable, which may indicate susceptibility to alteration by subsurface gas storage conditions. Non-reducing (CH4, N2) environments were also tested, and confirmed that both temperature and pressure were also contributing to the drift.

energy infrastructure↗

DOE OSTI2024

Mechanical Response of Cr-Coated Zircaloy-4 Cladding to Pellet-Cladding Interactions

Chromium-coated zircaloy is a promising accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding design which can help mitigate high temperature oxidation. The mechanical response of the cladding during and after loading may be altered by the Cr coating throughout anticipated operational and accident occurrences such as a pellet-cladding interaction (PCI). In this work, the mechanical behavior of Cr-coated and uncoated cold worked stress-relieved (CWSR) Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) cladding to PCI loading conditions are studied. Stress relaxation tests are performed on CWSR Zry-4 cladding using full-tube axial tension and internal pressurization to investigate mechanical anisotropy and rate-limiting deformation mechanisms of the uncoated Zry-4. These results are compared to internal pressure testing results of similar cladding with physical vapor deposition (PVD) Cr-coating to reveal how the Cr-coating affects the cladding mechanical response. Findings are discussed in the context of ATF cladding performance during operation and storage.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Testing of Materials and Coatings at up to 1150°C and 300 bar for use in Oxy-Combustion Turbine

Various materials that may be used in a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) oxy-fuel turbine in the 150-300 MWe size range are being evaluated in various environments of interest. The inlet of the turbine must be capable of 1,150 °C at 300 bar and the exhaust temperature is expected to be within the 725-775 °C range. The design requirements are pushing the known limits of high temperature materials. Little is known about the oxidation of the metallic alloys considered for turbine nozzles and blades or about the resilience of thermal management solutions, such as thermal barrier coatings (TBC), required to accommodate these high temperatures. The combinations of high temperature resistant materials and coatings must be tested in sCO2 to evaluate their reliability in an oxy-fuel turbine environment. A total of 13 alloys were chosen to be tested. They included bare samples, with nano deposited MCrAlY bond coat only, or with the addition of a TBC. A unique test facility was developed to expose those materials in sCO2 at up to 300 bar and 1150 °C for up to 5,000 hours. This was accomplished by placing an induction heater inside an autoclave to achieve those high temperature locally while the pressurized vessel is cooled externally. The specimens are weighed before and after exposure to determine the oxidation rate. The integrity, morphology, and composition of some of the coatings and thermally grown oxide will be investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This paper presents the up-to-date results of the testing coated and uncoated superalloys in sCO2 at up to 1150 °C and up to 300 bar performed at Southwest Research Institute.

Bocher, Florent↗

DOE OSTI2020

Probing layered structure of Inconel 625 coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering

Coating/substrate interface and oxide layers present in Inconel 625 film may cause significant impacts on its corrosion behavior. However, layered structure of Inconel 625 coatings remains poorly understood due to its requirement of high spatial resolution. Here we have applied X-ray reflectometry (XRR) to probe the layered structure of magnetron-sputtered Inconel 625 film with atomic spatial resolution. Our results indicate that there exists a 2 nm thick Cr-rich Inconel sublayer underneath the principal film. On top of the principal film, it is found a 2 nm thick oxide layer mainly consisting of NiO. In addition, we detected ~2 Å contamination layer on the sapphire substrate, although argon ion sputter cleaning had been applied to the substrate prior to deposition. By comparing the coatings with different deposition time, we observed that the thickness of principal Inconel 625 layer grows linearly with deposition time, with all other layers remaining constant. Our findings provide insight into the layered structures of Inconel 625 coatings with atomic-scale spatial resolution, and provide directions for future efforts that aim to improve the corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 coatings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Wear penalty for steel rubbing against hard coatings in reactive lubricants due to tribochemical interactions

Hard coatings and surface adsorptive/reactive lubricants are two common strategies for improving wear protection, but what if they are used together? In this study, steel-steel and steel-coating sliding was investigated in boundary lubrication of polar and non-polar oils containing a ZDDP or an ionic liquid. Two hard coatings, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and chromium nitride (CrN), were used. Furthermore, for a steel-steel contact, wear was effectively reduced by using a more surface reactive lubricant, as expected. However, the steel ball wear was increased against a hard coating and further worsened with a more polar oil and/or a more surface reactive additive. The wear mechanism is proposed as a combined effect of physicochemical interactions with the lubricant, mechanical polishing by the counterface, and material adhesion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Molten Salt Electrochemical Process for the Preparation of Cost-Effective p-Block (Coating) Materials

Solar energy applications rely heavily on p-block elements and transition metals. Silicon is, by far, the most commonly used material in photovoltaic cells and accounts for about 85% of modules sold presently. Of late, thin film photovoltaic cells have gained momentum because of their higher efficiencies. Most of these thin film devices are made out of just five elements, namely, cadmium, tellurium, selenium, indium, gallium and copper. The present manuscript describes an elegant and inexpensive molten salt-based electrolytic process for fabricating a tellurium-coated metallic substrate. A three-electrode set up was employed to coat iridium with tellurium from a molten bath containing lithium chloride, lithium oxide and tellurium tetrachloride (LiCl-Li 2 O-TeCl 4 ) at 650 °C for a duration ranging from 30 to 120 min under a galvanostatic mode. The tellurium coating was observed to be thick, uniform, smooth and homogeneous. Additionally, the deposited tellurium did not chemically react with the iridium substrate to form intermetallic compounds, which is a good feature from the standpoint of the device’s performance characteristics. The present process, being generic in nature, shows the potential for the manufacture of both the coated substates and high-purity elements not just for tellurium but also for other p-block elements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS2016

Application of the Molecular Adsorber Coating Technology on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer Program

The Molecular Adsorber Coating (MAC) is a zeolite based highly porous coating technology that was developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to capture outgassed contaminants, such as plastics, adhesives, lubricants, silicones, epoxies, potting compounds, and other similar materials. This paper describes the use of the MAC technology to address molecular contamination concerns on NASAs Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) program led by the University of California (UC) Berkeleys Space Sciences Laboratory. The sprayable paint technology was applied onto plates that were installed within the instrument cavity of ICONs Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FUV). However, due to the instruments particulate sensitivity, the coating surface was vibrationally cleaned through simulated acoustics to reduce the risk of particle fall-out contamination. This paper summarizes the coating application efforts on the FUV adsorber plates, the simulated laboratory acoustic level cleaning test methods, particulation characteristics, and future plans for the MAC technology.

outgassing↗