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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Constraints from color and/or charge breaking minima in the supersymmetric standard model with right-handed neutrinos

We consider a model where right-handed neutrinos and sneutrinos are introduced to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. In the scalar potential of this model, there exist trilinear and quartic terms in scalar potential that are proportional to Yukawa couplings of neutrinos. Because of these trilinear and quartic terms, color and/or charge breaking (CCB) and unbounded-from-below (UFB) directions appear along which sneutrinos have a vacuum expectation value, making the vacuum of the electroweak symmetry breaking unstable. We analyze the scalar potential of this model and derive necessary conditions for color and/or charge breaking and unbounded-from-below directions to vanish.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Hadronic Physics: an Outlook

A brief outlook, in two senses, is presented for hadronic physics. The likely near term future for experiment and lattice effort is sketched and I speculate on future directions in theory. I also look out at other fields, presenting a short review of QCD ideas in ''Beyond the Standard Model'' physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1984

Compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites

Compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites were examined. Possible failure modes of constituent materials are summarized and analytical models for fiber microbuckling are reviewed from a unified viewpoint. Due to deficiencies in available models, a failure model based on nonlinear properties and initial fiber curvature is proposed. The effect of constituent properties on composite compression behavior was experimentally investigated using two different graphite fibers and four different epoxy resins. The predominant microscopic scale failure mode was found to be shear crippling. In a soft resin, shear crippling was in the form of buckling of fibers on a microscopic scale. However, stiff resins failure was characterized by the formation of a kink band. For unidirectional laminates, compressive strength, and compressive modulus to a less extent, were found to increase with increasing magnitude of resin modulus. The change in compressive strength with resin modulus was predicted using the proposed nonlinear model.

Hahn, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites

Compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites were examined. Possible failure modes of constituent materials are summarized and analytical models for fiber microbuckling are reviewed from a unified viewpoint. Due to deficiencies in available models, a failure model based on nonlinear properties and initial fiber curvature is proposed. The effect of constituent properties on composite compression behavior was experimentally investigated using two different graphite fibers and four different epoxy resins. The predominant microscopic scale failure mode was found to be shear crippling. In a soft resin, shear crippling was in the form of buckling of fibers on a microscopic scale. However, stiff resins failure was characterized by the formation of a kink band. For unidirectional laminates, compressive strength, and compressive modulus to a less extent, were found to increase with increasing magnitude of resin modulus. The change in compressive strength with resin modulus was predicted using the proposed nonlinear model.

Hahn, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Wind sensing, analysis, and modeling

The purpose of this task was to begin development of a unified approach to the sensing, analysis, and modeling of the wind environments in which launch systems operate. The initial activity was to examine the current usage and requirements for wind modeling for the Titan 4 vehicle. This was to be followed by joint technical efforts with NASA Langley Research Center to develop applicable analysis methods. This work was to be performed in and demonstrate the use of prototype tools implementing an environment in which to realize a unified system. At the convenience of the customer, due to resource limitations, the task was descoped. The survey of Titan 4 processes was accomplished and is reported in this document. A summary of general requirements is provided . Current versions of prototype Process Management Environment tools are being provided to the customer.

Corvin, Michael A.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Wind Sensing, Analysis, and Modeling

The purpose of this task was to begin development of a unified approach to the sensing, analysis, and modeling of the wind environments in which launch system operate. The initial activity was to examine the current usage and requirements for wind modeling for the Titan 4 vehicle. This was to be followed by joint technical efforts with NASA Langley Research Center to develop applicable analysis methods. This work was to be performed in and demonstrate the use of prototype tools implementing an environment in which to realize a unified system. At the convenience of the customer, due to resource limitations, the task was descoped. The survey of Titan 4 processes was accomplished and is reported in this document. A summary of general requirements is provided. Current versions of prototype Process Management Environment tools are being provided to the customer.

Corvin, Michael A.↗
DOE OSTI2010

Conformal window of gauge theories with four-fermion interactions and ideal walking technicolor

We investigate the effects of four-fermion interactions on the phase diagram of strongly interacting theories for any representation as function of the number of colors and flavors. We show that the conformal window, for any representation, shrinks with respect to the case in which the four-fermion interactions are neglected. The anomalous dimension of the mass increases beyond the unity value at the lower boundary of the new conformal window. We plot the new phase diagram which can be used, together with the information about the anomalous dimension, to propose ideal models of walking technicolor. We discover that when the extended technicolor sector, responsible for giving masses to the standard model fermions, is sufficiently strongly coupled the technicolor theory, in isolation, must have an infrared fixed point for the full model to be phenomenologically viable. Using the new phase diagram we show that the simplest one family and minimal walking technicolor models are the archetypes of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Our predictions can be verified via first principle lattice simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Permutation matrix representation quantum Monte Carlo

We present a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of general quantum and classical many-body models within a single unifying framework. The algorithm builds on a power series expansion of the quantum partition function in its off-diagonal terms and is both parameter-free and Trotter error-free. In our approach, the quantum dimension consists of products of elements of a permutation group. As such, it allows for the study of a very wide variety of models on an equal footing. To demonstrate the utility of our technique, we use it to clarify the emergence of the sign problem in the simulations of non-stoquastic physical models. We showcase the flexibility of our algorithm and the advantages it offers over existing state-of-the-art by simulating transverse- field Ising model Hamiltonians and comparing the performance of our technique against that of the stochastic series expansion algorithm. Furthermore, we also study a transverse-field Ising model augmented with randomly chosen two-body transverse-field interactions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Lepton flavor violating Higgs bosons and {tau}{yields}{mu}{gamma}

We update phenomenological constraints on a two Higgs doublet model with lepton flavor nonconserving Yukawa couplings. We review that tan{beta} is ambiguous in such 'type III' models, and define it from the {tau} Yukawa coupling. The neutral scalars {phi} could be searched for at hadron colliders in {phi}{yields}{tau}{mu} and are constrained by the rare decay {tau}{yields}{mu}{gamma}. The Feynman diagrams for the collider process, with Higgs production via gluon fusion, are similar to the two-loop ''Barr-Zee'' diagrams, which contribute to {tau}{yields}{mu}{gamma}. Some ''tuning'' is required to obtain a collider cross section of order the standard model expectation for {sigma}(gg{yields}h{sub SM{yields}{tau}}{sup +{tau}-}), while agreeing with the current bound from {tau}{yields}{mu}{gamma}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Demonstrating Hierarchical System Development With the Common Community Physics Package Single‐Column Model: A Case Study Over the Southern Great Plains

This study demonstrates a specific application of the hierarchical system development (HSD) approach to investigate, analyze, and attribute model issues within the Unified Forecast System (UFS), with a focus on process isolation. By evaluating a non‐precipitating, shallow cumulus case at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site in the UFS global forecast against the observation, the investigation identifies a warmer and deeper daytime convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) and misrepresented nocturnal PBL transition. Hypothesis testing, which employs the Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) single‐column model (SCM) and uses the same physics as the UFS global model, confirms that these issues are attributed to the model physics and initialization. Specifically, misrepresented PBL processes are linked to problematic surface condition and a lack of cloud formation, which may stem from deficiencies in PBL and cloud microphysics parameterizations and their interactions. The UFS initial condition contributes to an earlier, excessively collapsed daytime convective boundary layer and a lack of decoupling between the stable boundary layer and residual layer late in the afternoon. This work introduces an avenue for the community to engage with the application of HSD, along with the CCPP and CCPP SCM, to understand the interplay of model physics, disentangle the roles of model components, as well as facilitate model and forecast improvement.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

Inflation in string theory: A graceful exit to the real world

The most important criteria for a successful inflation are: explaining the observed temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation, and exiting inflation in a vacuum where it can excite the standard model quarks and leptons required for the success of big bang nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we provide the first ever closed-string model of inflation where the inflaton couplings to hidden sector, moduli sector, and visible sector fields can be computed, showing that inflation can lead to reheating the standard model degrees of freedom before the electro-weak scale.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Astrophysical Application of Standard Model Parameters

We discuss relations in particle mass spectrum and consider results of analysis of spacing distributions in nuclear spectra which show the distinguished character of intervals related to electron mass and nucleon mass splitting.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear corrections in {nu}A DIS and their compatibility with global NPDF analyses

We perform a global {chi}{sup 2}-analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions using data from charged current neutrino--nucleus({nu}A) deep inelastic scattering (DIS), charged-lepton--nucleus (l{sup {+-}A}) DIS, and the Drell-Yan (DY) process. We show that the nuclear corrections in {nu}A DIS are not compatible with the predictions derived from l{sup {+-}A} DIS and DY data. We quantify this result using a hypothesis-testing criterion based on the {chi}{sup 2} distribution which we apply to the total {chi}{sup 2} as well as to the {chi}{sup 2} of the individual data sets. We find that it is not possible to accommodate the data from {nu}A and l{sup {+-}A} DIS by an acceptable combined fit. Our result has strong implications for the extraction of both nuclear and proton PDFs using combined neutrino and charged lepton data sets.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Decaying dark matter from dark instantons

We construct an explicit, TeV-scale model of decaying dark matter in which the approximate stability of the dark matter candidate is a consequence of a global symmetry that is broken only by instanton-induced operators generated by a non-Abelian dark gauge group. The dominant dark matter decay channels are to standard model leptons. Annihilation of the dark matter to standard model states occurs primarily through the Higgs portal. We show that the mass and lifetime of the dark matter candidate in this model can be chosen to be consistent with the values favored by fits to data from the PAMELA and Fermi-LAT experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Test of Lepton Universality in Upsilon(1S) Decays at BaBar

The ratio R{sub {tau}{mu}}({Upsilon}(1S))={Lambda}{sub {Upsilon}(1S){yields}{tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup -}}/{Lambda}{sub {Upsilon}(1S){yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}} is measured using a sample of (121.8 {+-} 1.2) x 10{sup 6}{Upsilon}(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays {Upsilon}(3S) {yields} {Upsilon}(1S){sub {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}}, {Upsilon}(1S) {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -}, where l = {mu}, {tau}. The result, R{sub {tau}{mu}}({Upsilon}(1S))=1.005 {+-} 0.013(stat) {+-} 0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Parity-odd and CPT-even electrodynamics of the standard model extension at finite temperature

This work examines the finite temperature properties of the CPT-even and parity-odd electrodynamics of the standard model extension. The starting point is the partition function computed for an arbitrary and sufficiently small tensor (k{sub F}){sub {alpha}{nu}{rho}{phi}} [see R. Casana, M. M. Ferreira, Jr., J. S. Rodrigues, and M. R. O. Silva, Phys. Rev. D 80, 085026 (2009).]. After specializing the Lorentz-violating tensor (k{sub F}){sub {alpha}{nu}{rho}{phi}}for the leading-order-nonbirefringent and parity-odd coefficients, the partition function is explicitly carried out, showing that it is a power of the Maxwell partition function. Also, it is observed that the Lorentz invariance violation coefficients induce an anisotropy in the black-body angular energy density distribution. Planck's radiation law retains its usual frequency dependence and the Stefan-Boltzmann law keeps the same form, except for a global proportionality constant.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Cavity Bounds on Higher-Order Lorentz-Violating Coefficients

We determine the sensitivity of a modern Michelson-Morley resonant-cavity experiment to higher-order nonbirefringent and nondispersive coefficients of the Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. Data from a recent year-long run of the experiment are used to place the first experimental bounds on coefficients associated with nonrenormalizable Lorentz-violating operators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗