Erratum: ''A convergence study for the Laguerre expansion in the moment equation method for neoclassical transport in general toroidal plasmas''[Phys. Plasmas 17, 082510 (2010)]
No abstract prepared.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
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SIESTA: A scalable iterative equilibrium solver for toroidal applications
A new solver for rapidly obtaining magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria in toroidal systems in the presence of islands and stochastic regions is described. It is based on the Kulsrud-Kruskal MHD energy minimization principle. To carry out this minimization, small displacements are made around a convenient set of curvilinear coordinates obtained from a nearby three-dimensional equilibrium that assumes nested surfaces. Because the changes of the magnetic fields and pressure are small, corresponding to small changes in the initial magnetic and kinetic energies, solutions for the linearized perturbations can be used to rapidly and iteratively find lower energy states with magnetic islands. A physics-based preconditioner is developed to accelerate the convergence of the iterative procedure to obtain an ideal MHD equilibrium with broken magnetic surfaces (islands).
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Full wave effects on the lower hybrid wave spectrum and driven current profile in tokamak plasmas
A numerical modeling of current profile modification by lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) using a fullwave/Fokker-Planck simulation code is presented. A MHD stable LHCD discharge on Alcator C-Mod was analyzed, and the current profile from full wave simulations was found to show better agreement with the experiment than a ray-tracing code. Comparison of full wave and ray-tracing simulation shows that, although ray-tracing can reproduce the stochastic wave spectrum broadening, the full wave calculation predicts even wider spectrum broadening, and the wave spectrum fills all of the kinematically allowed domain. This is the first demonstration of LHCD current profile modeling using a full wave simulation code in a multi-pass absorption regime, showing the clear impact of full wave effects on the LHCD driven current profile.
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A study on plasma edge boundary in ergodic layer of LHD based on radial profile measurement of impurity line emissions
Vertical profiles of edge impurity emissions have been measured in upper half region of elliptical plasmas at horizontally elongated plasma cross section in large helical device (LHD). The vertical profiles near upper O-point located just below helical coil are analyzed to study the plasma edge boundary of the ergodic layer consisting of stochastic magnetic field lines with connection lengths of 30 {<=} L{sub c} {<=} 2000 m. As a result, C{sup 3+} ion emitting CIV spectrum is identified as the ion existing in the farthest edge of the ergodic layer. The peak position of CIV (312.4 A: 1s{sup 2}3p {sup 2}P{sub 1/2,3/2}-1s{sup 2}2s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}) vertical profile does not change at all in a wide temperature range of 150 {<=} T{sub e}({rho} = 1) {<=} 400 eV, whereas it moves inside the ergodic layer when T{sub e}({rho} = 1) is reduced below a threshold temperature, e.g., 130 eV at R{sub ax} = 3.75 m configuration. It is found that the C{sup 3+} ion exists at the boundary between ergodic layer and open magnetic filed layer at which the L{sub c} distributes in lengths of 5 to 30 m. The result indicates that the edge boundary near the O-point in LHD is determined by a starting point of the open filed layer, where a tokamak-like steeper edge temperature gradient is formed, although the edge boundary is quite obscure at the X-point region. Any plasma does not exist between the edge boundary and the vacuum vessel. The CIV profile at the O-point is simulated using a three-dimensional edge transport code of EMC3-EIRENE in which the magnetic field structure in vacuum is used for the ergodic layer. A clear discrepancy of 8 mm is found in the peak positions of CIV between measurement and simulation for magnetic configurations with thick ergodic layer, i.e., R{sub ax}=3.90 m, while only a small discrepancy of 3 mm is observed for those with relatively thin ergodic layer, i.e., R{sub ax} = 3.75 m. It suggests that the discrepancy is caused by a modification of the magnetic filed due to the presence of plasma pressure.
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Evidence for a resonant cyclotron interaction between runaway electrons and MHD modes in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
In the past, the resonant cyclotron interaction between runaway electrons and lower hybrid waves via anomalous Doppler broadening was experimentally investigated, and it was shown to be able to create a barrier to the energy that could be reached by the runaway electrons [E. Li et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 621, 566 (2010)]. In this paper, to our knowledge for the first time, experimental evidence will be provided for a resonant cyclotron interaction between runaway electrons and magnetohydrodynamics modes in a stochastic magnetic field in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST), which has been theoretically proposed as a mechanism able to limit the maximum attainable energy by runaway electrons in tokamak plasmas [J. R. Martin-Solis and R. Sanchez, Phys. Plasmas 15, 112505 (2008)].
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Particle transport and stochastic acceleration in the giant lobes of Centaurus A
The conditions within the giant lobes of Centaurus A are reviewed in light of recent radio and {gamma}-ray observations. Data from WMAP and ground-based telescopes in conjunction with measurements from Fermi-LAT constrain the characteristic field strength and the maximum electron energy. The implications for the transport of energetic particles are discussed in terms of residence times and cooling times within the lobes. Acceleration of electrons and UHECR via the second order Fermi mechanism is discussed.
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A Comparative Study Using Numerical Methods for Surface X Ray Doses with Conventional and Digital Radiology Equipment in Pediatric Radiology
The place of the study is a pediatrics clinic which realizes a great variety of emergency, ambulatory ad hospital examinations. The radiology compartment respects work procedures and a system to ensure the quality of X ray examinations. The results show a constant for the programmator of the digital detector machine for the tension applied to the tube. For the screen-film detector machine the applied tension increases proportionally with the physical development of the child considering the trunk thickness.
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Stochastic heating of dust particles in complex plasmas as an energetic instability of a harmonic oscillator with random frequency
The paper describes the occurrence of stochastic heating of dust particles in dusty plasmas as an energy instability due to the correlations between dust grain charge and electric field fluctuations. The possibility that the mean energy (''temperature'') of dust particles can grow in time has been found both from the self-consistent kinetic description of dusty plasmas taking into account charge fluctuations [U. de Angelis, A. V. Ivlev, V. N. Tsytovich, and G. E. Morfill, Phys. Plasmas 12(5), 052301 (2005)] and from a Fokker-Planck approach to systems with variable charge [A. V. Ivlev, S. K. Zhdanov, B. A. Klumov, and G. E. Morfill, Phys. Plasmas 12(9), 092104 (2005)]. Here, a different derivation is given by using the mathematical techniques of the so called multiplicative stochastic differential equations. Both cases of ''fast'' and ''slow'' fluctuations are discussed.
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Measurements of time average series resonance effect in capacitively coupled radio frequency discharge plasma
Self-excited plasma series resonance is observed in low pressure capacitvely coupled radio frequency discharges as high-frequency oscillations superimposed on the normal radio frequency current. This high-frequency contribution to the radio frequency current is generated by a series resonance between the capacitive sheath and the inductive and resistive bulk plasma. In this report, we present an experimental method to measure the plasma series resonance in a capacitively coupled radio frequency argon plasma by modifying the homogeneous discharge model. The homogeneous discharge model is modified by introducing a correction factor to the plasma resistance. Plasma parameters are also calculated by considering the plasma series resonances effect. Experimental measurements show that the self-excitation of the plasma series resonance, which arises in capacitive discharge due to the nonlinear interaction of plasma bulk and sheath, significantly enhances both the Ohmic and stochastic heating. The experimentally measured total dissipation, which is the sum of the Ohmic and stochastic heating, is found to increase significantly with decreasing pressure.
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Nucleon strangeness form factors and moments of PDF
The calculation of the nucleon strangeness form factors from N{sub f} = 2+1 clover fermion lattice QCD is presented. Disconnected insertions are evaluated using the Z(4) stochastic method, along with unbiased subtractions from the hopping parameter expansion. We find that increasing the number of nucleon sources for each configuration improves the signal significantly. We obtain G{sub M}{sup s}(0) = -0.017(25)(07), which is consistent with experimental values, and has an order of magnitude smaller error. Preliminary results for the strangeness contribution to the second moment of the parton distribution function are also presented.
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Diffusion and stochastic heating of a dust cloud in tokamak edge plasmas
The diffusion due to collisions with ions of a cloud of nano-meter dust particles in the region of the scrape-off-layer (SOL) of a tokamak is considered and it is shown that for the conditions in the Frascati tokamak upgrade, the cloud can expand to reach the SOL limit in very short times without ablating. The conditions for stochastic heating of the cloud and acceleration of a larger particle to hyper-velocities, taking into account the effect of decreasing dust density in the cloud, are established.
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Barriers in the transition to global chaos in collisionless magnetic reconnection. II. Field line spectroscopy
The transitional phase from local to global chaos in the magnetic field of a reconnecting current layer is investigated. The identification of the ridges in the field of the finite time Lyapunov exponent as barriers to the field line motion is carried out adopting the technique of field line spectroscopy to analyze the radial position of a field line while it winds its way through partial stochastic layers and to compare the frequencies of the field line motion with the corresponding frequencies of the distinguished hyperbolic field lines that are the nonlinear generalizations of linear X-lines.
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Barriers in the transition to global chaos in collisionless magnetic reconnection. I. Ridges of the finite time Lyapunov exponent field
The transitional phase from local to global chaos in the magnetic field of a reconnecting current layer is investigated. Regions where the magnetic field is stochastic exist next to regions where the field is more regular. In regions between stochastic layers and between a stochastic layer and an island structure, the field of the finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) shows a structure with ridges. These ridges, which are special gradient lines that are transverse to the direction of minimum curvature of this field, are approximate Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) that act as barriers for the transport of field lines.
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Progress Report on Computing Excited-State Hadron Masses in Lattice QCD
Our progress in computing the spectrum of excited baryons and mesons in lattice QCD is described. Sets of spatially-extended hadron operators with a variety of different momenta are used. A new method of stochastically estimating the low-lying effects of quark propagation is utilized which allows reliable determinations of temporal correlations of both single-hadron and multi-hadron operators. The method is tested on the isoscalar mesons in the scalar, pseudoscalar, and vector channels, and on the two-pion system of total isospin I = 0,1,2.
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Analysis of Real Ship Rolling Dynamics under Wave Excitement Force Composed of Sums of Cosine Functions
The ship motion equation with a cosine wave excitement force describes the slip moments in regular waves. A new kind of wave excitement force model, with the form as sums of cosine functions was proposed to describe ship rolling in irregular waves. Ship rolling time series were obtained by solving the ship motion equation with the fourth-order-Runger-Kutta method. These rolling time series were synthetically analyzed with methods of phase-space track, power spectrum, primary component analysis, and the largest Lyapunove exponent. Simulation results show that ship rolling presents some chaotic characteristic when the wave excitement force was applied by sums of cosine functions. The result well explains the course of ship rolling's chaotic mechanism and is useful for ship hydrodynamic study.
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Corona Discharge in Nuclear Excited Dusty Plasma
We considered the possibility of using a corona discharge in a nuclear excited dusty plasma to provide the stability of well ordered dusty plasma structures from a fissionable material and to accomplish a more efficient conversion of nuclear energy into radiation.
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Stochastic Dynamics of Charge Fluctuations in Dusty Plasma
Dust particles immersed in plasma acquire charge by collecting electrons and ions and also by emitting electrons. The grain charge fluctuates due to the discrete nature of the charge. The rates of ions and electrons capturing depend on the grain charge and therefore on the history of the absorption. Memory effects can be introduced into stochastic charging dynamics by generalizing the standard Langevin equation to fractional Langevin equation with shifted fractional derivative. The temporal autocorrelation function of grain charge fluctuation is derived and average amplitude of fluctuations is determined.
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Demixing-stimulated lane formation in binary complex plasma
Recently lane formation and phase separation have been reported for experiments with binary complex plasmas in the PK3-Plus laboratory onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Positive non-additivity of particle interactions is known to stimulate phase separation (demixing), but its effect on lane formation is unknown. In this work, we used Langevin dynamics (LD) simulation to probe the role of non-additivity interactions on lane formation. The competition between laning and demixing leads to thicker lanes. Analysis based on anisotropic scaling indices reveals a crossover from normal laning mode to a demixing-stimulated laning mode. Extensive numerical simulations enabled us to identify a critical value of the non-additivity parameter {Delta} for the crossover.
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