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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Coherent cooling of atoms in a frequency-modulated standing laser wave: Wave function and stochastic trajectory approaches

The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field can suppress packet splitting for some atoms whose specific velocities are in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We demonstrate and explain this effect numerically and analytically. We also demonstrate that the modulated field can not only trap but also cool the atoms. We perform a numerical experiment with a large atomic ensemble having wide initial velocity and energy distributions. During the experiment, most of atoms leave the wave while the trapped atoms have a narrow energy distribution.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

First benchmarked electron cooling simulations from first principles

We present the first microscopic electron cooling simulations from first principles with accurate prediction of cooling time. These simulations were performed using our previously developed numerical method, PHAD, which is the first efficient large-scale collisional numerical method in beam physics. The simulation results are benchmarked with the experimental data of the low energy bunched electron cooling of ion beams at the storage ring CSRm at the IMP facility in China. Here, we have accurately considered the nonlinear dynamics in the whole accelerator system in addition to the electron cooling section. As a result, our simulations correctly reproduced cooling times of the experiments from first principles and without any tuning or fitting parameters in the code.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tuning the Kondo effect in Yb(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 Zn 20

We study the evolution of the Kondo effect in heavy fermion compounds, Yb(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 Zn 20 (0 ≲ x ≲ 1), by means of temperature-dependent electric resistivity and speci c heat. The ground state of YbFe 2 Zn 20 can be well described by a Kondo model with degeneracy N = 8 and a T K ~30 K. In the presence of a very similar total CEF splitting with YbFe 2 Zn 20 , the ground state of YbCo 2 Zn 20 is close to a Kondo state with degeneracy N = 2 and a much lower TK ~ 2 K. Upon Co substitution, the coherence temperature of YbFe 2 Zn 20 is suppressed, accompanied by an emerging Schottky-like feature in speci c heat associated with the thermal depopulation of CEF levels upon cooling. For 0.4 ≲ x ≲ 0.9, the ground state remains roughly the same which can be qualitatively understood by Kondo effect in the presence of CEF splitting. There is no clear indication of Kondo coherence observable in resistivity within this substitution range down to 500 mK. The coherence re-appears at around x≳ 0.9 and the coherence temperature increases with higher Co concentration levels.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Sonoma House. Monitoring of the First U.S. Passive House Retrofit

The Sonoma Deep Retrofit is a single-story deep retrofit project in the marine climate of Sonoma, California. The design was guided by Passive House principles that promote the use of very high levels of wall, ceiling, and floor insulation along with tight envelope construction to maintain a comfortable indoor environment with little or no need for conventional heating or cooling.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Temperature and Solvent Effects on H 2 Splitting and Hydricity: Ramifications on CO 2 Hydrogenation by a Rhenium Pincer Catalyst

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide holds immense promise for applications in sustainable fuel synthesis and hydrogen storage. Mechanistic studies that connect thermodynamic parameters with the kinetics of catalysis can provide new understanding and guide predictive design of improved catalysts. Reported here are thermochemical and kinetic analyses of a new pincer-ligated rhenium complex ( tBu POCOP)Re(CO) 2 ( tBu POCOP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)phenyl) that catalyzes CO 2 hydrogenation to formate with faster rates at lower temperature. Because the catalyst follows the prototypical “outer sphere” hydrogenation mechanism, comprehensive studies of temperature and solvent effects on the H 2 splitting and hydride transfer steps are expected to be relevant to many other catalysts. Strikingly large entropy associated with cleavage of H2 results in a strong temperature dependence on the concentration of [( tBu POCOP)Re(CO) 2 H] – present during catalysis, which is further impacted by changing the solvent from toluene to tetrahydrofuran to acetonitrile. New methods for determining the hydricity of metal hydrides and formate at temperatures other than 298 K were developed, providing insight into how temperature can influence the favorability of hydride transfer during catalysis. These thermochemical insights guided the selection of conditions for CO 2 hydrogenation to formate with high activity (up to 364 h –1 at 1 atm or 3330 h –1 at 20 atm of 1:1 H 2 CO 2 ). In cases where hydride transfer is the highest individual kinetic barrier, entropic contributions to outer sphere H 2 splitting lead to a unique temperature dependence: catalytic activity increases as temperature decreases in tetrahydrofuran (200-fold increase upon cooling from 50 to 0 °C) and toluene (4-fold increase upon cooling from 100 to 50 °C). Furthermore, the ramifications on catalyst structure-function relationships are discussed, including comparisons between “outer sphere” mechanisms and metal–ligand cooperation mechanisms.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quasiparticle characteristics of the weakly ferromagnetic Hund metal MnSi

Hund metals are multiorbital systems with 3d or 4d electrons exhibiting both an itinerant character and local moments, and they feature Kondo-like screenings of local orbital and spin moments, with suppressed coherence temperatures driven by Hund's coupling J H . They often exhibit magnetic order at low temperature, but how the interaction between the Kondo-like screening and long-range magnetic order is manifested in the quasiparticle spectrum remains an open question. Here, we present the spectroscopic signature of such an interaction in a Hund metal candidate MnSi exhibiting weak ferromagnetism. Our photoemission measurements reveal renormalized quasiparticle bands near the Fermi level with strong momentum dependence: The ferromagnetism manifests through possibly exchange-split bands (Q1) below T C , while the spin/orbital screenings lead to the gradual development of quasiparticles (Q2) upon cooling. Our results demonstrate how the characteristic spin/orbital coherence in a Hund metal could coexist and compete with the magnetic order to form a weak itinerant ferromagnet, via quasiparticle bands that are well separated in momentum space and exhibit distinct temperature dependence. Here, our results imply that the competition between the spin/orbital screening and the magnetic order in a Hund metal bears interesting similarities to the Kondo lattice systems

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Thermal evolution of antiferromagnetic correlations and tetrahedral bond angles in superconducting FeTe 1-x Se x

It has recently been demonstrated that dynamical magnetic correlations measured by neutron scattering in iron chalcogenides can be described with models of short-range correlations characterized by particular choices of four-spin plaquettes, where the appropriate choice changes as the parent material is doped towards superconductivity. Here we apply such models to describe measured maps of magnetic scattering as a function of two-dimensional wave vectors obtained for optimally superconducting crystals of FeTe 1–x Se x . We show that the characteristic antiferromagnetic wave vector evolves from that of the bicollinear structure found in underdoped chalcogenides (at high temperature) to that associated with the stripe structure of antiferromagnetic iron arsenides (at low temperature); these can both be described with the same local plaquette, but with different interplaquette correlations. While the magnitude of the low-energy magnetic spectral weight is substantial at all temperatures, it actually weakens somewhat at low temperature, where the charge carriers become more itinerant. The observed change in spin correlations is correlated with the dramatic drop in the electronic scattering rate and the growth of the bulk nematic response upon cooling. Lastly, we also present powder neutron diffraction results for lattice parameters in FeTe 1–x Se x indicating that the tetrahedral bond angle tends to increase towards the ideal value upon cooling, in agreement with the increased screening of the crystal field by more itinerant electrons and the correspondingly smaller splitting of the Fe 3d orbitals.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Horizontal Split Table Conceptual Design for Validation of Nuclear Data used in Advanced Reactors [Slides]

This presentation discusses a methodology that was developed to create conceptual designs of benchmark critical experiments for advanced reactors and nuclear data testing. A first concept that was explored was a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor, based on the HTR-10 reactor. The very high correlation is a proof of concept that the design is similar to the application, and performing such critical experiments would help nuclear data testing and validation. Other concepts could be explored if needed, such as a molten-salt reactor, a sodium-cooled fast reactor, or heat pipe reactors/microreactor.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

OECD MCCI Project: 2-D Core Concrete Interaction (CCI) Tests CCI-5 Data Report (Rev. 1)

Ex-vessel debris coolability is an important light water reactor (LWR) safety issue. For existing plants, resolution of this issue will confirm the technical basis for severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs). For new reactors, understanding this issue will help confirm the effectiveness of the design and implementation of new accident mitigation features and severe accident management design alternatives (SAMDAs). The first OECD-MCCI program conducted reactor material experiments focused on achieving the following technical objectives: i) provide confirmatory evidence for various cooling mechanisms through separate effect tests and data for severe accident code model development, and ii) provide longer-term two-dimensional core-concrete interaction data for code assessment and improvement. As one of the steps in satisfying these program objectives, the Management Board (MB) approved the conduct of a fifth longer-term 2-D Core-Concrete Interaction (CCI) experiment designed to provide information in several areas, including: i) lateral vs. axial power split during dry core-concrete interaction, ii) integral debris coolability data following late phase flooding, and iii) data regarding the nature and extent of the cooling transient following breach of the crust formed at the melt-water interface. The first three tests in this experiment series investigated the interaction of fully oxidized PWR core melt compositions with specially designed concrete test sections that were initially 50 cm x 50 cm in cross-sectional area. Both siliceous and limestone/common sand concrete types were addressed. The fourth test examined the interaction of a partially oxidized BWR melt composition with limestone/common sand concrete. The objective of this data report is to provide the thermalhydraulic results from this test. To this end, a summary description of the test apparatus is provided first, followed by descriptions of the test operating procedure and key experiment results.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

OECD MCCI Project: 2-D Core Concrete Interaction (CCI) Tests (CCI-4 Final Report)

Ex-vessel debris coolability is an important light water reactor (LWR) safety issue. For existing plants, resolution of this issue will confirm the technical basis for severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs). For new reactors, understanding this issue will help confirm the effectiveness of the design and implementation of new accident mitigation features and severe accident management design alternatives (SAMDAs). The first OECD-MCCI program conducted reactor material experiments focused on achieving the following technical objectives: i) provide confirmatory evidence for various cooling mechanisms through separate effect tests and data for severe accident code model development, and ii) provide longer-term two-dimensional core-concrete interaction data for code assessment and improvement. As one of the steps in satisfying these program objectives, the Management Board (MB) approved the conduct of a fourth longer-term 2-D Core-Concrete Interaction (CCI) experiment designed to provide information in several areas, including: i) lateral vs. axial power split during dry core-concrete interaction, ii) integral debris coolability data following late phase flooding, and iii) data regarding the nature and extent of the cooling transient following breach of the crust formed at the melt-water interface. The first three tests investigated the interaction of fully oxidized PWR core melt compositions with specially designed concrete test sections that were initially 50 cm x 50 cm in cross-sectional area. Both siliceous and limestone/common sand concrete types were addressed in the test matrix. The fourth test that is addressed in this report, CCI-4, utilized a similar test apparatus and experiment boundary conditions, including a limestone/common sand concrete test section. However, instead of a fully oxidized PWR melt, CCI-4 utilized a partially oxidized BWR core melt containing ~ 8 wt % structural steel constituents. Thus, this test evaluated the effect of elevated melt metal content on two-dimensional cavity erosion and debris cooling behavior. The experiment was conducted on May 26, 2007, and early experiment results were reported in a quick-look data report. The objective of this final report is to document both the thermalhydraulic and posttest debris examination results for this test. To this end, a summary description of the test apparatus is provided first, followed by descriptions of the test operating procedure and experimental results that include both thermalhydraulic data and the findings from the posttest examinations. Overall specifications for CCI-4 are provided.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cool rooms for indoor heat resilience: Evaluating affordable cooling strategies in heat-stressed California homes

Extreme heat conditions pose significant indoor survivability challenges for resource-constrained communities, which often lack access to cooling, have poorly insulated homes, and face compounding socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Moreover, concurrent power outages worsen health risks and heat-related illnesses. It is therefore crucial to develop innovative and affordable cooling approaches to protect vulnerable populations. This study assesses the efficacy of “cool rooms”– a designated space within a home equipped with passive and low-power active cooling measures to maintain safe indoor temperatures during extreme heat events and power disruptions. Using a physics-based building energy modeling approach, we evaluate the efficacy of various retrofit packages in maintaining thermal safety within the cool room under recent extreme heat conditions. The results indicate that passive measures can reduce 64% of hours with unmet standard effective temperatures, while the combination of passive and low-power active measures with built-in batteries further cuts this to 86%. Nevertheless, these strategies remain insufficient to maintain indoor thermal safety during extended outages. In contrast, integrating a solar-powered mini-split heat pump, whose technical potential was evaluated in this study, reduces indoor air temperatures below the 28 °C overheating threshold and significantly improves indoor habitability. The localized cool room strategy also offers potential for grid resilience by reducing peak electricity demand by up to 70% compared to whole house cooling during heat waves. The findings can inform the development of actionable heat mitigation plans and retrofit policies for residential communities with relatively low adoption of air conditioning such as warm marine climates.

Cool room↗
DOE OSTI2023

Polyhedral Distortions and Unusual Magnetic Order in Spinel FeMn 2 O 4

Spinel compounds AB 2 X 4 consist of both tetrahedral (AX 4 ) and octahedral (BX 6) environments with the former forming a diamond lattice and the latter a geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice. Exploring the fascinating physical properties and their correlations with structural features is critical in understanding these materials. FeMn 2 O 4 has been reported to exhibit one structural transition and two successive magnetic transitions. In this work, we report the polyhedral distortions and their correlations to the structural and two magnetic transitions in FeMn 2 O 4 by employing the high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. The cation distribution is found to be ($Mn_{0.9}^{2+}Fe_{0.1}^{3+}$)$_{A}$($Mn^{3+}Fe_{0.9}^{3+}Mn_{0.1}^{2+}$)$_{B}$O 4 . While large trigonal distortion is found even in the high-temperature cubic phase, the first-order cubic-tetragonal structural transition associated with the elongation of both tetrahedra and octahedra with shared oxygen atoms along the c axis occurs at T S ≈ 750 K, driven by the Jahn–Teller effect of the orbital active B-site Mn 3+ cation. Strong magnetoelastic coupling is unveiled at T N1 ≈ 400 K as manifested by the appearance of Néel-type collinear ferrimagnetic order, an anomaly in both tetrahedral and octahedral distortions, as well as an anomalous decrease of the lattice constants c and a weak anomaly of a. Upon cooling to T N2 ≈ 65 K, it evolves to a noncollinear ferrimagnetic order accompanied by the different moments at the split magnetic sites B1 and B2. Only one-half of the B-site Mn 3+ /Fe 3+ spins, i.e., the B2-site spins in the pyrochlore lattice, are canted, which is a unique magnetic order among spinels. The canting angle between A-site and B2-site moments is ~25°, but the B1-site moment stays antiparallel to the A-site moment even at 10 K. This noncollinear order is accompanied by a modification of the O–B–O bond angles in the octahedra without significant change in lattice constants or tetrahedral/octahedral distortion parameters, indicating a distinct magnetoelastic coupling. We demonstrate distinct roles of the A-site and B-site magnetic cations in the structural and magnetic properties of FeMn 2 O 4 . Our study indicates that FeMn 2 O 4 is a wonderful platform to unveil interesting magnetic order and to investigate their correlations with polyhedral distortions and lattice.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Experimental Study of Synchro-Betatron Coupling Induced By Dipole Modulation

Synchro-betatron coupling in a proton storage ring with electron cooling was studied experimentally by modulating a transverse dipole field close to the synchrotron frequency. The combination of the electron cooling and transverse field modulation on the synchrotron oscillation is equivalent to a dissipative parametric resonant system. The proton bunch was observed to split longitudinally into two pieces, or beamlets, converging toward attractors of the dissipative system. These phenomena might be important in understanding the effect of ground vibration on the Superconducting Super Collider beam, and the effect of power supply ripple on the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider beam.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Sonoma House: Monitoring of the First U.S. Passive House Retrofit

The Sonoma Deep Retrofit is a single-story deep retrofit project in the marine climate of Sonoma, California. The design was guided by Passive House principles which promote the use of very high levels of wall, ceiling, and floor insulation along with tight envelope construction to maintain a comfortable indoor environment with little or no need for conventional heating or cooling.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

The EMIL project at BESSY II: Beamline design and performance

The Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL) at BESSY-II is currently under construction. Two canted undulators for soft- and hard X-rays will be installed into the BESSY II storage ring in one straight section, complex beamlines with more than twenty optical elements will be set up and a new laboratory building attached to BESSY II will host three endstations and a large UHV-transfer system connecting various HV- and UHV-deposition systems. The undulators, UE48 and U17, provide a broad energy spectrum of 80 - 10000 eV, of which the harder radiation (>700 eV) is provided by a cryogenic in-vacuum device. Three monochromators (two plane grating monochromators (PGM) and one LN{sub 2}-cooled double crystal monochromator (DCM)) disperse the radiation into separate pathways of 65 m length, while downstream of the monochromators split-mirror chambers distribute the photon beam to one (or simultaneously to two) of five upcoming endstations. Three of these endstations are designed for the full energy range with spatial overlap of the soft and hard foci, whereas one endstation (PEEM) uses only the soft and another one (PINK) only the hard branch, respectively.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental Investigation on Heating Performance of a Cold Climate Thermoelectric-Assisted Heat Pump

To accelerate the electrification of air source heat pumps (ASHPs) in cold climates across the United States, various initiatives have been launched to enhance the effectiveness of ASHPs. One avenue of research involves incorporating thermoelectric (TE) technology into vapor compression refrigeration cycles. This study aims to assess the heating performance of a cold climate ASHP by employing TE modules as a liquid line subcooler. The tested system is a nominal 4.5-ton split heat pump utilizing R410A, equipped with a scroll compressor and an accumulator. An electronic expansion valve was employed for both cooling and heating modes. Two configurations of TE sub-coolers, one utilizing 2 TE bundles and the other 4 TE bundles, were integrated into the liquid line of the tested system. The heating performance of these configurations was evaluated. The results revealed that activating the TE subcooler led to a notable increase in total heat capacity, reaching 1318 W at -15.0 °C and 1164 W at -19.0 °C. The corresponding TE coefficients of performance (COPs) were 1.76 and 1.63, respectively. The activation of the TE sub-cooler resulted in a slight reduction in the overall system COP, with a decrease ranging from -2.6% to -4.2% for these two temperatures. The system COPs were measured at 2.10 and 1.86 for -15.0 °C and -19.0 °C, respectively. This prototype demonstrated a significant augmentation in heating capacity with a minimal sacrifice in COP.

Hu, Yifeng↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectroscopy of intercombination transition {sup 1}S{sub 0} – {sup 3}P{sub 1} for secondary cooling of strontium atoms

In the framework of the project aimed at creating an optical standard on cold Sr atoms we have realised sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the intercombination transition {sup 1}S{sub 0} – {sup 3}P{sub 1} (689 nm) in a cell with Sr vapour and in a cloud of atoms loaded in a magneto- optical trap (MOT). By measuring Zeeman splitting of the {sup 3}P{sub 1} level in the magnetic field of the MOT we have succeeded in fine adjustment of the MOT relative to a minimum of the magnetic field, which is necessary for successful secondary-stage cooling on the intercombination transition. In turn, absorption saturation spectroscopy in the vapour cell provides the long-term frequency stability of the second-stage cooling laser at λ = 689 nm. (laser spectroscopy)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Ferroelectric Self-Polarization Controlled Magnetic Stratification and Magnetic Coupling in Ultrathin La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 Films

Multiferroic oxide heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components hold the promise for nonvolatile magnetic control via ferroelectric polarization, advantageous for the low-dissipation spintronics. Modern understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling in these systems involves structural, orbital, and magnetic reconstructions at interfaces. Previous works have long proposed polarization-dependent interfacial magnetic structures; however, direct evidence is still missing, which requires advanced characterization tools with near-atomic-scale spatial resolutions. Here, extensive polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) studies have determined the magnetic depth profiles of PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 /La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 (PZT/LSMO) bilayers with opposite self-polarizations. When the LSMO is 2–3 nm thick, the bilayers show two magnetic transitions on cooling. However, temperature-dependent magnetization is different below the lower-temperature transition for opposite polarizations. PNR finds that the LSMO splits into two magnetic sublayers, but the inter-sublayer magnetic couplings are of opposite signs for the two polarizations. Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy further shows contrasts in both the Mn valences and the Mn–O bond anisotropy between the two polarizations. Finally, this work completes the puzzle for the magnetoelectric coupling model at the PZT/LSMO interface, showing a synergic interplay among multiple degrees of freedom toward emergent functionalities at complex oxide interfaces.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗