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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6

Search for direct production of GeV-scale resonances decaying to a pair of muons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV

A search for direct production of low-mass dimuon resonances is performed using $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment during the 2017–2018 operation of the CERN LHC with an integrated luminosity of 96.6 fb$^{−1}$. The search exploits a dedicated high-rate trigger stream that records events with two muons with transverse momenta as low as 3 GeV but does not include the full event information. The search is performed by looking for narrow peaks in the dimuon mass spectrum in the ranges of 1.1–2.6 GeV and 4.2–7.9 GeV. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is observed. Model-independent limits on production rates of dimuon resonances within the experimental fiducial acceptance are set. Competitive or world’s best limits are set at 90% confidence level for a minimal dark photon model and for a scenario with two Higgs doublets and an extra complex scalar singlet (2HDM+S). Values of the squared kinetic mixing coefficient ε$^{2}$ in the dark photon model above 10$^{−6}$ are excluded over most of the mass range of the search. In the 2HDM+S, values of the mixing angle sin(θ$_{H}$) above 0.08 are excluded over most of the mass range of the search with a fixed ratio of the Higgs doublets vacuum expectation tan β = 0.5.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First observation of strange baryon enhancement with effective energy in pp collisions at the LHC

The production of (multi-)strange hadrons is measured at midrapidity in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the local charged-particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 0.5 and of the very-forward energy measured by the ALICE Zero-Degree Calorimeters. The latter provides information on the effective energy, i.e. the energy available for particle production in the collision once subtracted from the centre-of-mass energy. The yields of K$^{0}_{s}$, $Λ$ + $\overline{Λ}$, and $Ξ$ – + $\overline{Ξ}$ + per charged-particle increase with the effective energy. In addition, this work exploits a multi-differential approach to decouple the roles of local multiplicity and effective energy in such an enhancement. The results presented in this article provide new insights into the interplay between global properties of the collision, such as the initial available energy in the event, and the locally produced final hadronic state, connected to the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity. Notably, a strong increase of strange baryon production with effective energy is observed for fixed charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity. These results are discussed within the context of existing phenomenological models of hadronisation implemented in different tunes of the PYTHIA 8 event generator.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Ion resonances and ELF wave production by an electron beam injected into the ionosphere - ECHO 6

Two effects observed with electron antennas ejected from a sounding rocket launched into the ionosphere in March 1983 carrying electron beam guns are discussed. The sensor packages were ejected and travelled parallel to the vehicle trajectory. Electric potentials were measured between the single probes and a plasma diagnostic package while the gun injected electrons into the ionosphere in perpendicular and parallel 1 kHz directions. Signal pulses over the dc-1250 kHz range were detected. A kHz gun frequency caused a signal that decreased by two orders of magnitude between 45-90 m from the beam field line. However, the signal was detectable at 1 mV/m at 120 m, supporting earlier data that indicated that pulsed electron beams can cause ELF waves in space. Beam injection parallel to the magnetic field produced an 840 Hz resonance that could be quenched by activation of a transverse beam.

Winckler, J. R.↗

Measuring the electron Yukawa coupling via resonant s-channel Higgs production at FCC-ee

The Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) offers the unique opportunity of studying the Higgs Yukawa coupling to the electron, \(y_\mathrm {e}\) , via resonant s -channel production, \(\mathrm {e^+e^-}\rightarrow \mathrm {H}\) , in a dedicated run at \(\sqrt{s} = m_\mathrm {H}\) . The signature for direct Higgs production is a small rise in the cross sections for particular final states, consistent with Higgs decays, over the expectations for their occurrence due to Standard Model (SM) background processes involving \(\mathrm {Z}^*\) , \(\gamma ^*\) , or t -channel exchanges alone. Performing such a measurement is remarkably challenging for four main reasons. First, the low value of the e \(^\pm \) mass leads to a tiny \(y_\mathrm {e}\) coupling and correspondingly small cross section: \(\sigma _\mathrm {ee\rightarrow H} \propto m_\mathrm {e}^2 = 0.57\) fb accounting for initial-state \(\gamma \) radiation. Second, the \(\mathrm {e^+e^-}\) beams must be monochromatized such that the spread of their centre-of-mass (c.m.) energy is commensurate with the narrow width of the SM Higgs boson, \(\varGamma _\mathrm {H} = 4.1\) MeV, while keeping large beam luminosities. Third, the Higgs mass must also be known beforehand with a few-MeV accuracy in order to operate the collider at the resonance peak, \(\sqrt{s} = m_\mathrm {H}\) . Last but not least, the cross sections of the background processes are many orders-of-magnitude larger than those of the Higgs decay signals. A preliminary generator-level study of 11 Higgs decay channels using a multivariate analysis, which exploits boosted decision trees to discriminate signal and background events, identifies two final states as the most promising ones in terms of statistical significance: \(\mathrm {H}\rightarrow gg\) and \(\mathrm {H}\rightarrow \mathrm {W}\mathrm {W}^*\!\rightarrow \ell \nu \) + 2 jets. For a benchmark monochromatization with 4.1-MeV c.m. energy spread (leading to \(\sigma _\mathrm {ee\rightarrow H} = 0.28\) fb) and 10 ab \(^{-1}\) of integrated luminosity, a \(1.3\sigma \) signal significance can be reached, corresponding to an upper limit on the e \(^\pm \) Yukawa coupling at 1.6 times the SM value: |y e | < 1.6|y e SM | at 95% confidence level, per FCC-ee interaction point per year. Directions for future improvements of the study are outlined.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Extended SAID partial-wave analysis of pion photoproduction

A unified Chew-Mandelstam description of single-pion photoproduction data, together with pion- and η-hadroproduction data, has been extended to include measurements carried out over the last decade. We consider photodecay amplitudes evaluated at the pole with particular emphasis on ηγ couplings and the influence of weighting on our fits. Both energy-dependent and single-energy analysis (energy-binned data) are considered.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurement of the energy distribution of electrons escaping confinement from an electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Production of high charge state ions in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) is dependent on the electron energy distribution (EED) within the source plasma. In order to better understand the EED, a measurement of electrons escaping axially from an ECRIS device has been performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Electrons were measured escaping from the Superconducting Source for Ions, driven at 18 GHz. Dependencies of the observed EED on the confining magnetic field strength and injected microwave power are reported. This paper focuses on large peaks of electrons in the 400–1200 keV energy range. Measurements of the axial bremsstrahlung spectrum have been simultaneously carried out to provide a direct comparison between both techniques. A comparison between the energy associated with the peak of the electron distribution and the spectral temperature of the bremsstrahlung distribution is shown.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Multi-messenger heavy-ion collision physics

We report that this work studies the production of direct photons in relativistic nuclear collisions, along with the production of hadrons. Radiation from the very first instants to the final moments of the evolution is included. The hybrid model used here describes all stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Chronologically, those are an initial state reflecting the collision of nuclei described within the Color Glass Condensate effective theory; a pre-equilibrium phase based on non-equilibrium linear response; relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, and a hadronic afterburner. The effect of the preequilibrium phase on both photonic and hadronic observables is highlighted for the first time. The potential of photon observables - spectrum, differential elliptic and triangular flow - to reveal the chemical equilibration time is studied. Finally, we consider "small collision systems", including proton+nucleus collisions and collisions of light nuclei, as probed by hadronic and electromagnetic observables. We demonstrate how photon production can signal the formation of quark-gluon plasma in such small systems.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Vacuum Pyrolysis of Hybrid Poplar Milled Wood Lignin with Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Feedstock and Products for the Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms

The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is a promising technique to produce fuels and chemicals. It is well known that the most abundant products of lignin pyrolysis are oligomeric molecules, known as pyrolytic lignin (PL). The chemical composition of PL has been extensively studied; however, there is still an important debate whether these oligomers are produced directly from the lignin or from the recombination of monomeric pyrolytic products. Existing theories are unable to describe the effect of vacuum on the distribution of pyrolysis products. Hybrid poplar milled wood lignin (MWL) was initially isolated and thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Chemical formulas were assigned to each oligomeric compound detected. The MWL was also subjected to vacuum pyrolysis in a modified pyroprobe at 250, 750, and 1000 mbar (absolute pressure), and the resulting liquid products were analyzed by FT-ICR MS. A new strategy to assign structural representations to the oligomeric PL products is proposed, based on the plausible pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of depolymerization/fragmentation applied to original MWL oligomer formulas. Our results support the hypothesis that PL is formed from the removal of moieties from primary lignin pyrolysis products with between three and five aromatic rings. This depolymerization/fragmentation allows the oligomers to reduce their molecular weights to the point where they can be removed from the reaction zone by direct vaporization. Furthermore, this phenomenon highlights the importance of pressure on removal mechanisms and their impact on the molecular weight of the resulting products from lignin pyrolysis.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

Characteristics of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Source for the Production of Active Nitrogen Species in III-V Nitride Epitaxy

A simple analysis is provided to determine the characteristics of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source for the generation of active nitrogen species in the molecular beam epitaxy of III-V nitrides. The effects of reactor geometry, pressure, power, and flow rate on the dissociation efficiency and ion flux are presented. Pulsing the input power is proposed to reduce the ion flux.

Meyyappan, Meyya↗

A Data Deposition Platform for Sharing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are rarely deposited in open databases, leading to loss of critical scientific knowledge. Existing data reporting methods (images, tables, lists of values) contain less information than raw data, and are poorly standardized. Together, these issues limit FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) access to these data, which in turn creates barriers for compound dereplication and the development of new data-driven discovery tools. Existing NMR databases are either not designed for natural products data, or employ complex deposition interfaces that disincentivize deposition. Journals, including the Journal of Natural Products (JNP), are now requiring data submission as part of the publication process, creating the need for a streamlined, user-friendly mechanism to deposit and distribute NMR data. Recently, our team reported the development of the Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database (NP-MRD; www.np-mrd.org). Here in this paper we present a new data deposition platform for the NP-MRD project that is designed to enable users to deposit NMR data for published or submitted manuscripts in under five minutes. This platform includes a suite of automated data extraction and standardization tools, together with a simple-to-use web-based interface and detailed error reporting to simplify the data deposition process and is available at www.np-mrd.org/submissions.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

Search for Higgs boson pair production in the $ \textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}{\textrm{W}}^{+}{\textrm{W}}^{-} $ decay mode in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV

A search for Higgs boson pair (HH) production with one Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks and the other to two W bosons are presented. The search is done using proton-proton collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{−1}$ recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018. The final states considered include at least one leptonically decaying W boson. No evidence for the presence of a signal is observed and corresponding upper limits on the HH production cross section are derived. The limit on the inclusive cross section of the nonresonant HH production, assuming that the distributions of kinematic observables are as expected in the standard model (SM), is observed (expected) to be 14 (18) times the value predicted by the SM, at 95% confidence level. The limits on the cross section are also presented as functions of various Higgs boson coupling modifiers, and anomalous Higgs boson coupling scenarios. In addition, limits are set on the resonant HH production via spin-0 and spin-2 resonances within the mass range 250–900 GeV.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Solid State Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Electrolyte Decomposition Products on Lithium Ion Electrodes

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium ion cells prepared with advanced electrolytes is investigated by solid state multinuclear (7Li, 19F, 31P) magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of electrode materials harvested from cycled cells subjected to an accelerated aging protocol. The electrolyte composition is varied to include the addition of fluorinated carbonates and triphenyl phosphate (TPP, a flame retardant). In addition to species associated with LiPF6 decomposition, cathode NMR spectra are characterized by the presence of compounds originating from the TPP additive. Substantial amounts of LiF are observed in the anodes as well as compounds originating from the fluorinated carbonates.

Li-ion battery electrolytes↗

Search for Higgs boson pair production in the two bottom quarks plus two photons final state in p p collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches are performed for nonresonant and resonant di-Higgs boson production in the $b\bar{b}γγ$ final state. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the expected background is found and upper limits on the di-Higgs boson production cross sections are set. A 95% confidence-level upper limit of 4.2 times the cross section predicted by the Standard Model is set on pp → HH nonresonant production, where the expected limit is 5.7 times the Standard Model predicted value. The expected constraints are obtained for a background hypothesis excluding pp → HH production. The observed (expected) constraints on the Higgs boson trilinear coupling modifier κ λ are determined to be [–1.5, 6.7] ([– 2.4, 7.7]) at 95% confidence level, where the expected constraints on κ λ are obtained excluding pp → HH production from the background hypothesis. For resonant production of a new hypothetical scalar particle X (X → HH → $b\bar{b}γγ$), limits on the cross section for pp → X → HH are presented in the narrow-width approximation as a function of m X in the range 251 GeV ≤ m X ≤ 1000 GeV. The observed (expected) limits on the cross section for pp → X → HH range from 640 fb to 44 fb (391 fb to 46 fb) over the considered mass range.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Single-nucleon knockout cross sections for reactions producing resonance states at or beyond the drip line

Single-nucleon knockout cross sections from fast secondary beams of the proton-drip-line nuclei 9 C, 13 O, and 17 Ne on a 9 Be target have been studied with emphasis on the production of resonance states. These states were identified by their invariant mass, and resonances with two-, three-, and five-body exit channels were examined. The measured cross sections for these states were compared with eikonal-model predictions using shell-model or variational Monte Carlo spectroscopic factors. The experimental yields were found to be suppressed relative to the model predictions, especially when a well-bound neutron or proton is removed. This suppression exceeds that found systematically in measured inclusive cross sections to particle-bound final states. In neutron knockout from 9 C and 13 O projectiles, this suppression of the unbound ground-state residuals yield is a factor of two to three times larger than that found in the bound final-state studies. Modifications to the structure of these systems due to coupling of the shell-model configurations to the continuum is expected to contribute to this extra suppression, especially when the final state is a near-threshold resonance. Furthermore, other considerations including the role of nuclear dynamics may be required to explain all the observed trends.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗