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NASA NTRS2015

GeneLab: A Systems Biology Platform for Spaceflight Omics Data

NASA's mission includes expanding our understanding of biological systems to improve life on Earth and to enable long-duration human exploration of space. Resources to support large numbers of spaceflight investigations are limited. NASA's GeneLab project is maximizing the science output from these experiments by: (1) developing a unique public bioinformatics database that includes space bioscience relevant "omics" data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and experimental metadata; (2) partnering with NASA-funded flight experiments through bio-sample sharing or sample augmentation to expedite omics data input to the GeneLab database; and (3) developing community-driven reference flight experiments. The first database, GeneLab Data System Version 1.0, went online in April 2015. V1.0 contains numerous flight datasets and has search and download capabilities. Version 2.0 will be released in 2016 and will link to analytic tools. In 2015 Genelab partnered with two Biological Research in Canisters experiments (BBRIC-19 and BRIC-20) which examine responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to spaceflight. GeneLab also partnered with Rodent Research-1 (RR1), the maiden flight to test the newly developed rodent habitat. GeneLab developed protocols for maxiumum yield of RNA, DNA and protein from precious RR-1 tissues harvested and preserved during the SpaceX-4 mission, as well as from tissues from mice that were frozen intact during spaceflight and later dissected. GeneLab is establishing partnerships with at least three planned flights for 2016. Organism-specific nationwide Science Definition Teams (SDTs) will define future GeneLab dedicated missions and ensure the broader scientific impact of the GeneLab missions. GeneLab ensures prompt release and open access to all high-throughput omics data from spaceflight and ground-based simulations of microgravity and radiation. Overall, GeneLab will facilitate the generation and query of parallel multi-omics data, and deep curation of metadata for integrative analysis, allowing researchers to uncover cellular networks as observed in systems biology platforms. Consequently, the scientific community will have access to a more complete picture of functional and regulatory networks responsive to the spaceflight environment.. Analysis of GeneLab data will contribute fundamental knowledge of how the space environment affects biological systems, and enable emerging terrestrial benefits resulting from mitigation strategies to prevent effects observed during exposure to space. As a result, open access to the data will foster new hypothesis-driven research for future spaceflight studies spanning basic science to translational science.

proteomics↗

NASA NTRS2016

Epigenetics Research on the International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a state-of-the orbiting laboratory focused on advancing science and technology research. Experiments being conducted on the ISS include investigations in the emerging field of Epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to stably heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype (the transcriptional potential of a cell) resulting from changes in a chromosome without alterations to the underlying DNA nucleotide sequence (the genetic code), which are caused by external or environmental factors, such as spaceflight microgravity. Molecular mechanisms associated with epigenetic alterations regulating gene expression patterns include covalent chemical modifications of DNA (e.g., methylation) or histone proteins (e.g., acetylation, phorphorylation, or ubiquitination). For example, Epigenetics ("Epigenetics in Spaceflown C. elegans") is a recent JAXA investigation examining whether adaptations to microgravity transmit from one cell generation to another without changing the basic DNA of the organism. Mouse Epigenetics ("Transcriptome Analysis and Germ-Cell Development Analysis of Mice in Space") investigates molecular alterations in organ-specific gene expression patterns and epigenetic modifications, and analyzes murine germ cell development during long term spaceflight, as well as assessing changes in offspring DNA. NASA's first foray into human Omics research, the Twins Study ("Differential effects of homozygous twin astronauts associated with differences in exposure to spaceflight factors"), includes investigations evaluating differential epigenetic effects via comprehensive whole genome analysis, the landscape of DNA and RNA methylation, and biomolecular changes by means of longitudinal integrated multi-omics research. And the inaugural Genes in Space student challenge experiment (Genes in Space-1) is aimed at understanding how epigenetics plays a role in immune system dysregulation by assaying DNA methylation in immune cells directly in space using miniPCR technology. In addition, NASA's geneLAB campaign covers the epigenome as part of the "expressome", by employing an innovative open source science platform for multi-investigator high throughput utilization of the ISS. Earth benefits of Epigenetics research onboard the ISS range from contributions to the fundamental understanding of epigenetic phenomena with applications in countermeasure development for biomedical conditions, to the generation of integrated strategies for personalized medicine based on unique physiological responses.

Love, John↗

NASA NTRS2017

Network Analysis of Rodent Transcriptomes in Spaceflight

Network analysis methods leverage prior knowledge of cellular systems and the statistical and conceptual relationships between analyte measurements to determine gene connectivity. Correlation and conditional metrics are used to infer a network topology and provide a systems-level context for cellular responses. Integration across multiple experimental conditions and omics domains can reveal the regulatory mechanisms that underlie gene expression. GeneLab has assembled rich multi-omic (transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and epitranscriptomics) datasets for multiple murine tissues from the Rodent Research 1 (RR-1) experiment. RR-1 assesses the impact of 37 days of spaceflight on gene expression across a variety of tissue types, such as adrenal glands, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, tibalius anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, eye, and kidney. Network analysis is particularly useful for RR-1 -omics datasets because it reinforces subtle relationships that may be overlooked in isolated analyses and subdues confounding factors. Our objective is to use network analysis to determine potential target nodes for therapeutic intervention and identify similarities with existing disease models. Multiple network algorithms are used for a higher confidence consensus.

genomics↗

NASA NTRS2018

GeneLab: "Omics" Data Systems for Spaceflight and Simulated Spaceflight Environment

NASA's GeneLab Data System is a repository that hosts multi-omics datasets generated by biological experiments flown onboard the International Space Station. Strategies regarding how GeneLab envisions the involvement of the scientific community and the public at large will be discussed, and current and future capabilities of the system will be described. Information describing how scientists can participate in analyzing the current datasets on plants, microbes, invertebrates or mammals will be provided, and initial findings from the current datasets will be discussed during this presentation. Anyone interested in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics, and systems biology, or who is curious to understand how space modifies living organisms should attend.

Omics↗

NASA NTRS2018

Increasing the Statistical Rigor of Cross-Species Differential Expression Analysis

Microgravity inflicts substantial, but undercharacterized, pressure on organisms that induces metabolic responses such as increased microbial virulence and antibiotic resistance, altered organ weights in developing rats, and loss of bone tissue in astronauts. Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of microgravity on specific organisms, tissues, or test conditions, but these projects are necessarily limited by the small sample size of space research. Increasing the sample size of spaceflight studies is non-trivial; however, pooling data from numerous studies can greatly increase the statistical rigor of comparative analyses. The GeneLab houses datasets from 73 spaceflight studies that performed transcription profiling assays. These data encompass a diverse array of organisms ranging from Escherichia coli to Mus musculus to Homo sapiens and comprise studies analyzing ionizing radiation, mammalian pregnancy, etc. Collectively, the GeneLab database contains a large quantity of transcription assays and RNA sequence data analyzing Differential Gene Expression (DGE) between microand normogravity. Xspecies, a cross-species analysis method for DGE developed by Kristiansson, et al. in 2012, identifies homologous genes between species that are universally up- or downregulated in response to test conditions. Previous work by an intern at GeneLab applied Xspecies to 19 datasets containing seven different species and identified 14 homologous groups differentially expressed under spaceflight conditions including several heat shock proteins and cytoskeletal components. Unfortunately, these results may be biased by the disproportionate number of studies on Arabidopsis thaliana (5) and Mus musculus (6) and the results are not normalized by evolutionary distances. Here, we present modifications to the Xspecies algorithm that permits incorporation of multi-omic data and normalizes data for effect size, directionality, and evolutionary distances. We then apply this algorithm to all currently available GeneLab studies

Xspecies↗

NASA NTRS2018

The NASA GeneLab Project

"NASA's GeneLab Project has evolved from being a simple repository that hosts multi-omics datasets generated from spaceflight experiments, to a complete solution for analysis and visualization of spaceflight related omics. We will show how Omics can help elucidate the impact of spaceflight factors (e.g. CO2) on organisms, tissues and cells."

OMICS↗

NASA NTRS2019

GeneLab: A Systems Biology Platform for Omics Analysis

NASA's GeneLab includes an open-access repository of some 200+ omics datasets generated by biological experiments relevant to spaceflight (including simulated cosmic radiation and microgravity). In order to maximize the intelligibility of these data, particularly for users with limited bioinformatics knowledge, GeneLab is now transforming the data in the repository into actual biological and physiological knowledge of the genetic and proteomic signatures found in these samples. This processed data is being derived by establishing standard data analysis workflows vetted by 114 scientists who are members of the four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG). AWG members from institutes spanning the U.S. and four other countries participate on a voluntary basis. The AWGs meet monthly to discuss data mining, compare results and interpretations, and test forthcoming releases of the GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS). GLDS version 3.0 has been available to the general public since October 1st 2018, and has been providing a professional state-of-the-art bioinformatics platform for everyone in the space biology community to upload their data into a space biology omics data commons, to process their data with vetted standard workflows and to compare to existing analyses. The user interface for the platform is being designed to be accessible to a broad variety of users including those with limited bioinformatics experience, including high school and college students who can use it to learn about omics data analysis and space biology. As such, Genelab will constitute a powerful general public outreach capability of NASA and the Space Biology community at large. Data mining of the GeneLab database by the AWG has already started generating very interesting findings, including reports linking specific spaceflight conditions such as radiation, microgravity or carbon dioxide levels to molecular changes seen across various species. In this presentation, we will report on the current and future objectives for GeneLab, and review recent studies reported by the various AWGs relating molecular changes observed in various animal models and tissue with microgravity, radiation, circadian rhythm, hydration and carbon dioxide conditions.

Omics↗

NASA NTRS2019

GeneLab: A Systems Biology Platform for Omics Analysis: Disseminate and Reuse Data, Tools, and Samples Post-Project

NASA's GeneLab includes an open-access repository of some 200 plus omics datasets generated by biological experiments relevant to spaceflight (including simulated cosmic radiation and microgravity). In order to maximize the intelligibility of these data, particularly for users with limited bioinformatics knowledge, GeneLab is now transforming the data in the repository into actual biological and physiological knowledge of the genetic and proteomic signatures found in these samples. This processed data is being derived by establishing standard data analysis workflows vetted by 114 scientists who are members of the four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG). AWG members from institutes spanning the U.S. and four other countries participate on a voluntary basis. The AWGs meet monthly to discuss data mining, compare results and interpretations, and test forthcoming releases of the GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS). GLDS version 3.0 has been available to the general public since October 1st 2018, and has been providing a professional state-of-the-art bioinformatics platform for everyone in the space biology community to upload their data into a space biology omics data commons, to process their data with vetted standard workflows and to compare to existing analyses. The user interface for the platform is being designed to be accessible to a broad variety of users including those with limited bioinformatics experience, including high school and college students who can use it to learn about omics data analysis and space biology. As such, Genelab will constitute a powerful general public outreach capability of NASA and the Space Biology community at large. Data mining of the GeneLab database by the AWG has already started generating very interesting findings, including reports linking specific spaceflight conditions such as radiation, microgravity or carbon dioxide levels to molecular changes seen across various species. In this presentation, we will report on the current and future objectives for GeneLab, and review recent studies reported by the various AWGs relating molecular changes observed in various animal models and tissue with microgravity, radiation, circadian rhythm, hydration and carbon dioxide conditions.

Omics↗

NASA NTRS2019

GeneLab: A Systems Biology Platform for Omics Analysis

NASA GeneLab is an open-access repository for omics datasets generated by biological experiments conducted in space or experiments relevant to spaceflight (e.g. simulated cosmic radiation, simulated microgravity, bed rest studies). The GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS) version 4.0 will be available on October 1st 2019, and will provide the latest in terms of professional state-of-the-art bioinformatics platform for the space biology and radiation community to upload their data into an omics data commons, to process their data with vetted standard workflows and to compare to existing analyses. Started in 2015 as a repository designed to archive omics data from space experiments, GeneLab has expanded its scope to all ionizing radiation omics experiments conducted on the ground and has put considerable effort in providing carefully characterized radiation metadata on all dataset. GeneLab is also providing processed data derived from the raw data covering a large spectrum of omics (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, epitranscriptome, proteome, metabolome) to help users explore important questions: 1) Which genes or proteins are expressed differently in space for various living organisms? 2) What specific DNA mutations or epigenetic changes happen in space or after exposure to ionizing radiation? and 3) How does genetics affect these responses? Processed data available on GeneLab are derived by standard data analysis workflows vetted by hundreds of scientists who volunteered to join one of the four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG). In this presentation, we will discuss how to bridge the gap between irradiation studies performed on earth and biological experiments conducted in space since the early 1990's. We will discuss how radiation dosimetry was estimated for datasets derived from samples collected during the Space Shuttle era or on the International Space Station. Finally, we will address future strategies regarding dose monitoring in future missions into space, inter-agency efforts to unify data under one umbrella, and knowledge dissemination across the radiation research community and the space biology community.

open-science↗

NASA NTRS2019

Systemic Alterations with Spaceflight Associated Health Risks Originating from Both Circulating miRNAs and Mitochondrial Biology

The many known health risks currently associated with space travel include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, central nervous system related diseases, muscle degeneration, and changes with host-gut microbiome interactions that can have profound impact with these and other health risks. The majority of the risk from space travel stem of the two components of the space environment which are microgravity and radiation. Two specific systemic effects have been uncovered by us to impact the body as a whole due to the space environment. One factor is related from our earlier work (Beheshti et al, PLOS One, 2018), we predicted that there is a systemic component of the host that causes general increased health risks due to spaceflight driven by a circulating microRNA (miRNA) signature consisting of 13 miRNAs that directly regulates both p53 and TGF1. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules with a negative and post-transcriptional regulation on gene expression) are increasingly recognized as major systemic regulators of responses to stressors, including microgravity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. In addition, due to the size and stability of miRNAs, it is known that miRNAs can circulate throughout the body and have been found in the majority of the bodily fluids including blood, urine, saliva, and tears. Here, we start to dissect the actual impact of this miRNA signature on both the radiation and microgravity components and prove that this miRNA signature actually exists in the circulation of a host. The other systemic factor we uncovered was the impact the mitochondria on the whole body due to spaceflight. We hypothesize that spaceflight may promote a physiologic response driven by systemic mitochondria pathways leading to metabolic disorder stemming from the liver and directly impacting other organs and tissues. A systems biology method was implemented utilizing GeneLab datasets that involved in vitro experiments performed at the low Earth orbit, in vivo experiments involving mice flown to space, and finally human physiological data from astronauts. A comprehensive multi-omics approach was implemented which involved correlating transcriptomic analysis with proteomics, metabolomics, and methylation analysis. This approach led us to confirm our hypothesis that a systemic mitochondrial driven response is responsible for increasing potential health risk and is conserved from the in vitro studies, to the in vivo studies, and finally confirmed in astronauts.

Radiation↗

NASA NTRS2019

NASA GeneLab Space Omics Database: Expanding from Space to Ionizing Radiation Data on the Ground

NASA GeneLab is an open-access repository for omics datasets generated by biological experiments conducted in space or ground experiments relevant to spaceflight (e.g. simulated cosmic radiation, simulated microgravity, bed rest studies). The GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS) version 4.0 will be available on October 1st 2019, and will provide a state-of-the-art bioinformatics platform for the space biology and radiation communities to upload their data into an omics data commons, to process their data with vetted standard workflows and to compare with existing analyses. Started in 2015 as a repository designed to archive omics data from space experiments, GeneLab has expanded its scope to all ionizing radiation omics experiments conducted on the ground and has put considerable effort in providing carefully characterized radiation metadata on all datasets. GeneLab is also providing processed data derived from the raw data covering a large spectrum of omics (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, epitranscriptome, proteome, metabolome) to help users explore important questions: 1) Which genes or proteins are expressed differently in space for various living organisms? 2) What specific DNA mutations or epigenetic changes happen in space or after exposure to ionizing radiation? and 3) How does genetics affect these responses? Processed data available on GeneLab are derived by standard data analysis workflows vetted by hundreds of scientists who volunteered to join one of the four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG). In this presentation, we will discuss how to bridge the gap between irradiation studies performed on earth and biological experiments conducted in space since the early 1990's. We will discuss how radiation dosimetry was estimated for datasets derived from samples collected during the Space Shuttle era on the International Space Station and on other orbiting platforms. Finally, we will address future strategies regarding dose monitoring in future missions into space, inter-agency efforts to unify data under one umbrella, and knowledge dissemination across the radiation research community and the space biology community.

open-science↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Maximizing Spaceflight Biological Data with Omics Analytics: The NASA GeneLab Database

NASA’s GeneLab includes an open-access repository of some 250+ omics datasets generated by biological experiments relevant to spaceflight including simulated cosmic radiation and microgravity. In order to maximize the intelligibility of these data, particularly for users with limited bioinformatics background, GeneLab has become a knowledgebase platform converting raw genetic and proteomic signatures found in flight samples into biological and physiological meanings. A large community of more than 100 scientists has rallied behind GeneLab and organized into four Analysis Working Groups (AWGs: Animal, Plant, Microbe, and Multi-Omics). Together, the AWGs have gained scientific recognition worldwide by establishing a consortium in charge of adopting new complex standards for data analysis workflows and omics sample processing in a rapidly evolving field. We will demonstrate the usage of the repository with smart search capability, an online controlled-access toolshed "Galaxy" to process user data with vetted standard workflows, a workspace for data sharing and a data submission portal with ontology control for better metadata curation. The GeneLab visualization portal will also be demonstrated, showing how anyone without formal training in bioinformatics can now browse the space biology omics data to discover new biology and potential solutions to improve life in space.

Sylvain Vincent Costes↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

BioNutrients-1: Development of an On-Demand Nutrient Production System for Long-Duration Missions

Future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit will require advances in food technologies to address the documented problem of degradation of vitamins and nutrients in supplied foods stored long-term. To begin to address the issue of nutrient degradation, we are developing and flight-testing a platform biomanufacturing technology for in situ production of target nutrients. This technology is being tested over a five-year duration on the International Space Station (ISS). As part of the BioNutrients-1 project we have developed an on-demand system for the production of two carotenoids, β-carotene and zeaxanthin, by genetically engineering distinct strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, more commonly known as baker’s yeast. The on-orbit nutrient production packs contain a desiccated yeast strain and edible growth substrate. Once hydrated, the contents of the production packs are intended to grow and produce a desired amount of ready-to-consume nutrients. In this current version the production packs will not be consumed and future missions will require an inactivation of microorganisms before consumption. In addition to the on-orbit hydration of the production packs a series of valuable microorganisms are currently being stored in stasis packs on the ISS including probiotics organisms, bacterial strains used in yogurt production, and organisms with potential use for future biomanufacturing. Analysis of returned ISS stasis packs and ground controls will include multi-omics studies and provide insight into long-term survival of organisms stored in a space environment. Both stasis packs and hydrated production packs will be intermittently returned to Earth for analysis. Preliminary data from long-term storage studies of stasis packs stored on the ISS for 47 days versus their ground control counterparts have shown no significant difference in viability. Currently no production packs have been processed.

Yeast↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

GeneLab: The NASA System Biology Platform for Space Omics Repository, Analysis and Visualization

GeneLab↗

NASA NTRS2021

Knowledge Network Embedding of Transcriptomic Data From Spaceflown Mice Uncovers Signs and Symptoms Associated With Terrestrial Diseases

There has long been an interest in understanding how the hazards from spaceflight may trigger or exacerbate human diseases. With the goal of advancing our knowledge on physiological changes during space travel, NASA GeneLab provides an open-source repository of multi-omics data from real and simulated spaceflight studies. Alone, this data enables identification of biological changes during spaceflight, but cannot infer how that may impact an astronaut at the phenotypic level. To bridge this gap, SPOKE, a heterogeneous knowledge graph connecting biological and clinical data from over 30 databases, was used in combination with GeneLab transcriptomic data from six studies. This integration identified critical symptoms and physiological changes incurred during spaceflight.

spaceflight↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA GeneLab: Open Science for Life in Space

NASA’s GeneLab helps scientists understand how the fundamental building blocks of life – DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites – change from exposure to the space environment including microgravity and cosmic radiation exposure. GeneLab does so by providing fully coordinated epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data (collectively known as omics data) alongside essential metadata describing each spaceflight and space-relevant experiment. The open-access GeneLab repository currently consists of over 300 omics datasets generated by biological experiments, involving various model organisms, that are relevant to spaceflight. In order to maximize the intelligibility of these data, particularly for users with limited bioinformatics knowledge, GeneLab has started processing and analyzing these datasets to generate differential gene expression data and identify biological and physiological pathways that are dysregulated as a result of spaceflight. To aide GeneLab’s efforts to harmonize and democratize space-relevant omics data, over 130 scientists have joined one of four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG) and together helped develop and adopted standard data analysis workflows for all data types available in GeneLab. Currently, the GeneLab Data System includes a data repository with federated search capability, an online controlled-access toolshed powered by "Galaxy" for users to process data with vetted standard workflows, a workspace for data sharing, a data submission portal, and the ability to browse and visualize transcriptomics processed data. The user interface was designed to be accessible to a broad variety of users, including high school and college students who can use it to learn about omics data analysis and space biology. The visualization portal enhances GeneLab’s ability to democratize omics data by removing the need for bioinformatics expertise to interpret transcriptomics data hosted on GeneLab. This presentation will provide an over-view of NASA’s GeneLab including how to navigate the GeneLab Data System and will conclude by providing resources for opportunities to work with GeneLab and NASA at large.

Amanda M Saravia-Butler↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

GL4U: Training the next generation of bioinformaticians, one omics datatype at a time

Spaceflight modifies gene expression in every organism examined to date, including humans. Understanding how these gene expression changes affect physiology is crucial for the development of countermeasures to enable long-duration manned missions. NASA’s GeneLab project provides researchers open access to multi-omics data, including genetic and gene expression data, from spaceflight experiments that can be mined to understand the effects of spaceflight on biological systems. To ensure new knowledge generation through data re-use, it is important to maximize the number of scientists who utilize GeneLab data. Training students on the GeneLab platform is the best way to create long-term adopters of this NASA database and its tools. Turning students into future instructors and advocates will also accelerate the dissemination of these data and tools to the broader scientific community. Therefore, in collaboration with the GeneLab Educational Working Group (EWG), GeneLab has created GeneLab for Colleges and Universities (GL4U). GL4U provides space biology-relevant training in bioinformatics to the next generation of scientists through direct and indirect approaches. The GeneLab team plans to host two annual data processing bootcamps, one for college-level students (direct) and one for college educators (indirect – training of trainers), in which participants learn to analyze GeneLab’s space-relevant omics data. During the bootcamp, educators will receive materials and training to enable them to run the bootcamp at their home institutions or alternatively to adapt the content to implement within existing courses, thereby extending the reach of this initiative. The GL4U direct training pilot program was conducted in June 2021 in collaboration with USRA and San Jose State University (SJSU). During the pilot, SJSU students participated in a week-long bootcamp consisting of space biology-specific lectures and hands-on instruction using Jupyter Notebooks to analyze RNA sequence data. This pilot demonstrates the capacity of GL4U for training young scientists and encouraging data re-use.

Jonathan Matthew Galazka↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mitochondria Dysfunction Central in Driving Health Risks Associated with Spaceflight

Background: Determining the biological impact of spaceflight through novel approaches is essential to reduce the health risks to astronauts for long-term space missions. The current established health risks due to spaceflight are only reflecting known symptomatic and physiologic responses and do not reflect early onset of other potential diseases. There are many unknown variables which still need to be identified to fully understand the health impacts due to the environmental factors in space. Materials and Methods: One method to uncover potential novel biological mechanisms responsible for health risks in astronauts is by utilizing NASA’s GeneLab platform (genelab.nasa.gov). GeneLab is public repository that hosts multiple omics datasets generated from space biology experiments that include experiments flown in space, simulated cosmic radiation experiments, and simulated microgravity experiments. This presentation will provide an example of analysis and novel hypothesis generation that is being produced with GeneLab datasets. A comprehensive multi-omics approach was implemented correlating transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and methylation analysis. Results: We found that cells have stronger overall biological response than the tissues to spaceflight, with mitochondrial activity and innate immunity pathways being heavily impacted. NASA Twin Study results are consistent with a specific alteration in mitochondrial ATP production. Our results indicate that the space environment can directly induce mitochondrial damage, with mitochondrial dysfunctions being a cause for chronic inflammation and both being involved in the development of metabolic disorders that cause changes in lipid metabolism. We also found biological changes occurring during spaceflight with cell cycle, circadian rhythm and olfactory activity pathways can also influence and be influenced by alterations on mitochondrial activity

Afshin Beheshti↗