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At least 109 records · Page 6

Ar-39/Ar-40 systematics of Allende inclusions

A laser microprobe was used to measure the Ar isotopic contents of individual mineral grains in four neutron-irradiated Allende samples: two coarse-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusions; one fine-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusion; and one sample with matrix and miscellaneous chondrules. The following K-Ar ages (G.y.) were obtained after degassing low Ar retentive sites by preheating the samples for one hour at 675 C: matrix, 3.5 + or - 0.2; three miscellaneous chondrules, 4.4 + or - 0.1, 4.0 + or - 0.1, and 4.4 + or - 0.1; and the fine-grained inclusion, 4.5 + or - 0.2. The minerals in the coarse-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusions have ubiquitous chlorine, less than 10 ppm K and apparent ages ranging upwards from 4.6 G.y. to well over 10 G.y. Possible explanations for these apparent ages are atmospheric contamination, the decay of K-40 prior to the formation of the solar system, and the trapping of radiogenic Ar-40 lost by the matrix.

Herzog, G. F.↗

The Blue Angel. I - The mineralogy and petrogenesis of a hibonite inclusion from the Murchison meteorite

Results are presented of a mineralogical and petrological examination of a relatively large hibonite-containing inclusion in the Murchison chondrite called the Blue Angel. Mechanisms of formation and modification of hibonite-rich inclusions are investigated. Evidence is found that modifying processes occurred before the inclusion was incorporated into its present location, which indicates a sequence of aqueous and metamorphic alteration followed by disruption and relithification of the protometeoritic material. The mineral chemistry and petrography of the Blue Angel is consistent with a three stage formation history, and extensive alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions may have occurred by aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism followed by explosive mixing processes on a parent body.

Armstrong, J. T.↗

Origin of spinel-rich chondrules and inclusions in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites

The evaluation of three models of the origin of spinel-rich chondrules and inclusions presented here includes new calculations of the major-element refractory mineral condensation sequence from a gas of solar composition over a wide pressure interval. Condensation calculations show that spinel-rich chondrules did not crystallize from metastable liquid condensates, and that spinel-rich inclusions are not aggregates of refractory nebular condensates. It is proposed that spinel-rich objects are fractionated distillation residues of small aggregates of primitive dust that lost Ca, Si-rich partial melts by evaporation, ablation, or splashing during collisions. This model also explains why spinel-rich chondrules and inclusions (1) are usually smaller than melilite-rich chondrules and inclusions; (2) often have highly fractionated trace-element compositions; and (3) usually do not contain Pt-metal nuggets even when they are more enriched in the Pt-group metals than nugget-bearing melilite-rich objects.

Kornacki, A. S.↗

Refractory inclusions in the Ornans C30 chondrite

Several types of metedorites contain unusual objects 10 micrometers to 2 centimeters across that are enriched in refractory elements such as calcium, aluminum and titanium. These objects, commonly known as refractory inclusions, are most abundant in the meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites. The refractory inclusions that have been found in the Ornans metedorite, a member of a little-studied group of carbonaceous chondrites are described. Some refractory inclusions in Ornans resemble those found in other meteorites, while others are unlike any seen before. The unusual inclusions in Ornans contain minerals with extraordinary enrichments in highly refractory elements.

Davis, A. M.↗

Petrographic studies of refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite

Textural and mineral-chemical data on freeze-thaw disaggregated refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite are reported. The data were obtained with neutron activation analysis, SEM, and spectroscopy, the study revealed corundum-bearing inclusions, spinel-hibonite aggregates and spherules, and spinel-pyroxene and elivine-pyroxene inclusions. One of the three spinel-, pyroxene-, forsterite-rich inclusions had an amoeba-shaped spinel-pyroxene core, implying vapor-to-solid condensation and therefore crystallization from a melt. It is concluded that the meteorite formation encompassed diverse nebular materials, and that further studies of the meteorite will enhance the data base on the planetary nebular processes.

Macpherson, G. J.↗

The origin and significance of reverse zoning in melilite from Allende Type B inclusions

Many of Type B Allende inclusions are found to have reverse zoning over restricted portions of each crystal, in contrast to those in Type A's, which are reversely zoned throughout. Results of dynamic crystallization experiments on compositions similar to an average Type B inclusion are reported in which reversely zoned melilite rims were grown on normally zoned cores. The fact that these zoning patterns have been duplicated is interpreted as evidence that natural melilites having such zoning were formed by crystallization from a melt. Since reverse zoning could only be produced over a restricted range of experimental conditions, the presence in natural inclusions of the kinds of zoning patterns described here may place constraints on the conditions under which the inclusions formed.

Macpherson, G. J.↗

A study on inclusion formation mechanism in alpha-LiIO sub 3 crystals

The spatial distribution of inclusions in alpha-LiIO3 crystals by means of an argon laser beam scanning technique is studied. The effects of crystal dimensions and solution fluid flow on the inclusion formation in the alpha-LiIO3 crystals were observed. It was further shown that the fluid flow plays an important role in the formation of inclusions. The results obtained were further applied and verified by growing a perfect alpha-LiIO3 single crystal. An experimental foundation for further theoretical studies on the causes of inclusions may be provided.

Chen, W. C.↗

Actinide chemistry in Allende Ca-Al-rich inclusions

Fission track radiography is used to investigate the U and Th microscale distribution in a set of Allende-meteorite Ca-Al-rich inclusions. In the Type B inclusions, the major phases melilite and fassaite are important actinide host phases, and on the rims of Type B inclusions and throughout all other inclusions studied, perovskite is the dominant actinide host phase. Results suggest that neither alteration nor loss or gain of an actinide-rich phase appears to have been an important Th/U fractionation mechanism, and that volatility differences may be the dominant factor. Th/U and rare earth element abundance patterns for the spinel and perovskite rim suggest rim formation by volatilization of interior material, and within the constraints of the brief time scale required for this heating, several mechanisms for spinel-perovskite rim formation are possible.

Murrell, M. T.↗

Experimental constraints on heating and cooling rates of refractory inclusions in the early solar system

The refractory inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites were the subject of considerable interest since their discovery. These inclusions contain minerals that are predicted to be some of the earliest condensates from the solar nebula, and contain a plethora of isotopic anomalies of unknown origin. Of particular interest are those coarse-grained inclusions that contain refractory metal particles (Fe, Ni, Pt, Ru, Os Ir). Experimental studies of these inclusions in terrestrial laboratories are, however, complicated because the dense particles tend to settle out of a molten or partially molten silicate material. Heating experiments in the Space Station technology and microgravity in order to observe the effects of metal nuggets (which may act as heterogeneous nucleation sites) on nucleation rates in silicate systems and to measure simultaneously the relative volatilization rate of siderophile and lithophile species. Neither experiment is possible in the terrestrial environment.

Boynton, W. V.↗

The identification of meteorite inclusions with isotope anomalies

Ca-Al refractory inclusions with characteristic chemical and mineralogical compositions show an enhanced occurrence of 20 pct of isotope anomalies reflecting unknown nucleosynthetic effects for O and Mg. The anomalies are characterized by large isotope fractionation in Mg, apparent deficits in Mg-26/Mg-24, and large correlated effects for isotopes of Ca, Ti, and Cr. These isotope patterns define exotic components depleted in the most neutron-rich isotopes of Ca, Ti, and Cr, or components depleted in isotopes produced in explosive O and Si burning. An opaque assemblage within one of the inclusions yields isotope anomalies in Cr similar to the bulk inclusion and must be intrinsically part of the inclusion and not a trapped, foreign grain aggregate.

Papanastassiou, D. A.↗

Ar-40/Ar-39 laser-probe dating of diamond inclusions from the Premier kimberlite

The results of Ar-40/Ar-39 laser-probe analyses of individual eclogitic clinopyroxene inclusions from Premier diamonds are reported which yield a mean age of 1198 + or - 14 Myr. This age agrees well with Sm-Nd and Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses on similar Premier inclusions and is indistinguishable from the inferred time of emplacement of the host kimberlite, which implies that diamond formation was essentially synchronous with kimberlite generation. The extrapolated nonradiogenic Ar-40/Ar-36 ratio of 334 + or - 102 is similar to the present-day atmospheric composition. This value is inconsistent with Sr and Nd isotopic signatures from Premier eclogite inclusions, which suggest a depleted mantle source. Preentrapment equilibration of the inclusions with an Ar-36-rich fluid is the most probable explanation for the low nonradiogenic composition.

Phillips, D.↗

P-T condition fo deformation from fluid inclusions in mylonites

Structural petrology of fluid inclusions in deformed rocks can be used to identify inclusions entrapped during various stages of deformation. Standard thermobarometry on these inclusions can then provide estimates of the P-T (pressure-temperature) conditions of deformation. The application of this technique is illustrated using fluid inclusions in mylonites from the Quetico Fault Zone, Canada. The inferred P-T conditions fall with the P-T field of mylonitisation derived from isotopic, microstructural and phase equilibrium studies.

Mclellan, Eileen↗

Small-scale disequilibrium in a magmatic inclusion and its more silicic host

An investigation of small-scale isotopic, compositional, and mineralogical variation across the interface of a basaltic-andesite inclusion and its dacitic host from Cerro-Chascon, a Holocene dome in northern Chile, is discussed. Serial sectioning across the interface of the inclusion and its host dacite, complemented by microdrill sampling and detailed microprobe work, has enabled an examination of the scale of mixing and chemical disequilibrium. The composition of the inclusion is found to be relatively homogeneous; the dacite host is heterogeneous on a small scale; the isotopic composition in the marginal zone shows the highest Sr-87/Sr-86 and lowest Nd-143/Nd-144; the large plagioclase crystals in the inclusions and host are xenocrystic. These differences are reconciled with a model of magma evolution in a crustal magma chamber.

Davidson, Jon P.↗

Hibonite-bearing microspherules - A new type of refractory inclusions with large isotopic anomalies

This paper presents petrographic description as well as results on the major- and trace-element chemistry and on Mg, Ca, and Ti isotopic compositions of three refractory inclusions, including 3413-1/31 inclusion from Lance and Murchison 7-228 and 7-753, the mineralogy of which is dominated by the oxide minerals spinel, hibonite, and perovskite. The microspherules examined seem to constitute a separate class of refractory inclusions, characterized by a distinct morphology and mineralogy; large excesses of Ca-48 and Ti-50, and Mg-26 depletions. It is suggested that this type of inclusions must have formed early, prior to the dilution of isotopic anomalies by mixing processes, and in an area characterized by excesses of Ca-48 and Ti-50, depletions of Mg-26, and a lack of Al-26.

Ireland, T. R.↗

A petrologic and ion microprobe study of a Vigarano Type B refractory inclusion - Evolution by multiple stages of alteration and melting

A Type B Ca-, Al-rich 6-m-diam inclusion (CAI) found in the Vigarano C3V chondrite was inspected using optical and scanning electron microscopies and ion microprobe analyses. It was found that the primary constituents of the CAI inclusion are (in percent), melilite (52), fassaite, (20), anorthite (18), spinel (10), and trace Fe-Ni metal. It is noted that, while many of the properties of the inclusion indicate solidification from a melt droplet, the Al-26/Mg-26 isotopic systematics and some textural relationships are incompatible with single-stage closed system crystallization of a homogeneous molten droplet, indicating that the history of this inclusion must have been more complex than melt solidification alone. Moreover, there was unusually high content of Na in melilite, suggesting that the droplet did not form by melting of pristine high-temperature nebular condensates.

Macpherson, Glenn J.↗

Ca-,Al-rich inclusions in the unique chondrite ALH85085 - Petrology, chemistry, and isotopic compositions

A comprehensive study is performed for the Ca-,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) in the unique chondrite ALH85085. The ALH85085 inclusions are smaller (5-80 microns) and more refractory than their counterparts in carbonaceous chondrites. The study includes 42 inclusions for petrography and mineralogy, 15 for bulk major and minor element chemical composition, six for Mg-Al isotopic systematics, 10 for Ca isotopes, nine for Ti isotopes, and six for trace element abundances. In addition, oxygen-isotopic compositions were determined in minerals from a single inclusion. No correlation is found between mineralogy, major element chemistry, and trace element abundances. It is further shown that the high-temperature geochemical behavior of ultrarefractory trace elements is decoupled from that of the major elements Ca and Ti (Ti is correlated with the relatively volatile elements Nb and Yb) implying that perovskite is of only minor importance as carrier of ultrarefractories.

Kimura, Makoto↗

Refractory inclusions from the Leoville, Efremovka, and Vigarano C3V chondrites - Major element differences between Types A and B, and extraordinary refractory siderophile element compositions

Instrumental neutron activation analysis is used to measure the bulk chemical compositions of ten Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from three C3V chondrites of the reduced subgroup, five from Leoville, three from Efremovka, and two from Vigarano. Six of the inclusions are found to possess very large fractionations between refractory siderophile elements, and four of the six have remarkably high concentrations of these siderophiles, as compared with CAIs analyzed previously. Most of the inclusions analyzed here have lower concentrations of Na, Au, Fe, Zn, and Mn than their Allende counterparts, consistent with the idea that they have experienced secondary alteration at a higher temperature or for a shorter time than did Allende inclusions.

Sylvester, Paul J.↗

Petrography, mineralogy, and Mg isotope composition of VICTA: A vigarano CaAl4O7-bearing type A inclusion

Thermodynamic calculations predict that Ca-dialuminate (CaAl4O7) condenses from a cooling gas of solar composition after hibonite and before melilite. Although Ca-dialuminate has now been recorded from Ca Al-rich inclusions (CAI's) in at least 9 meteorites, compared to hibonite it is a relatively rare phase. As pointed out by Michel-Levy et al., the absence of Ca-dialuminate from most hibonite-bearing inclusions poses a serious problem for the condensation model of CAI formation. Here we describe an inclusion which contains abundant CA-dialuminate partially altered to a hercynite-rich (FeAl2O4) assemblage. The evidence from VICTA indicates that compared to all other phases in type A inclusions, Ca-dialuminate is the most susceptible to secondary alteration; a feature which may explain its restricted occurrence. Unaltered Ca-dialuminate and melilite in VICTA display excess Mg-26 indicative of in situ decay of Al-26.

Greenwood, R. C.↗