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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Prediction and verification of creep behavior in metallic materials and components for the space shuttle thermal protection system

A method of analysis was developed for predicting permanent cyclic creep deflections in stiffened panel structures. This method uses creep equations based on cyclic tensile creep tests and a computer program to predict panel deflections as a function of mission cycle. Four materials were investigated - a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), a cobalt alloy (L605), and two nickel alloys (Rene'41 and TDNiCr). Steady-state and cyclic creep response data were obtained by testing tensile specimens fabricated from thin gage sheet (0.025 and 0.63 cm nominal). Steady-state and cyclic creep equations were developed which describe creep as a function of time, temperature and load. Tests were also performed on subsize (6.35 x 30.5 cm) rib and corrugation stiffened panels. These tests were used to correlate creep responses between elemental specimens and panels. The panel response was analyzed by use of a specially written computer program.

Davis, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Gaussian step-pressure loading of rigid viscoplastic plates

The response of a thin, rigid viscoplastic plate subjected to a spatially axisymmetric Gaussian step pressure impulse loading was studied analytically. A Gaussian pressure distribution in excess of the collapse load was applied to the plate, held constant for a length of time, and then suddenly removed. The plate deforms with monotonically increasing deflections until the dynamic energy is completely dissipated in plastic work. The simply supported plate of uniform thickness obeys the von Mises yield criterion and a generalized constitutive equation for rigid viscoplastic materials. For the small deflection bending response of the plate, the governing system of equations is essentially nonlinear. Transverse shear stress is neglected in the yield condition and rotary inertia in the equations of dynamic equilibrium. A proportional loading technique, known to give excellent approximations of the exact solution for the uniform load case, was used to linearize the problem and to obtain the analytical solutions in the form of eigenvalue expansions. The effects of load concentration, of an order of magnitude change in the viscosity of the plate material, and of load duration were examined while holding the total impulse constant.

Hayduk, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1945

Bending and Shear Stresses Developed by the Instantaneous Arrest of the Root of a Moving Cantilever Beam

A theoretical and experimental investigation has been made of the behavior of a cantilever beam in transverse motion when its root is suddenly brought to rest. Equations are given for determining the stresses, the deflections, and the accelerations that arise in the beam as a result of the impact. The theoretical equations, which have been confirmed experimentally, reveal that, at a given percentage of the distance from root to tip, the bending stresses for a particular mode are independent of the length of the beam, whereas the shear stresses vary inversely with the length.

Stowell, Elbridge, Z↗
NASA NTRS1988

Creep rupture analysis of a beam resting on high temperature foundation

A simplified uniaxial strain controlled creep damage law is deduced with the use of experimental observation from a more complex strain dependent law. This creep damage law correlates the creep damage, which is interpreted as the density variation in the material, directly with the accumulated creep strain. Based on the deduced uniaxial strain controlled creep damage law, a continuum mechanical creep rupture analysis is carried out for a beam resting on a high temperature elastic (Winkler) foundation. The analysis includes the determination of the nondimensional time for initial rupture, the propagation of the rupture front with the associated thinning of the beam, and the influence of creep damage on the deflection of the beam. Creep damage starts accumulating in the beam as soon as the load is applied, and a creep rupture front develops at and propagates from the point at which the creep damage first reaches its critical value. By introducing a series of fundamental assumptions within the framework of technical Euler-Bernoulli type beam theory, a governing set of integro-differential equations is derived in terms of the nondimensional bending moment and the deflection. These governing equations are subjected to a set of interface conditions at the propagating rupture front. A numerical technique is developed to solve the governing equations together with the interface equations, and the computed results are presented and discussed in detail.

Gu, Randy J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Aeroelastic stability of complete rotors with application to a teetering rotor in forward flight

The derivation of a set of nonlinear coupled flap-lag-torsion equations of motion for moderately large deflections of an elastic, two bladed teetering helicopter rotor in forward flight is concisely outlined. The following degrees of freedom are included in the mathematical model: rigid body flapping, rigid body lead lag, elastic bending in flap and lead-lag blade root torsion and shaft torsion. Quasi-steady aerodynamic loads are considered and the effects of reversed flow are included. The aeroelastic stability of the complete rotor is investigated using a linearized system of equations of motion. The equilibrium position about which the equations are linearized is obtained by considering the trim state of the helicopter, in true or simulated forward flight conditions. The sensitivity of the aeroelastic stability boundaries to interblade structural and mechanical coupling is illustrated by comparing the complete rotor stability boundaries with those obtained from a single blade analysis for a number of hover and forward flight cases.

Shamie, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Aeroelastic stability of complete rotors with application to a teetering rotor in forward flight

The derivation of a set of non-linear coupled flap-lag-torsion equations of motion for moderately large deflections of an elastic, two-bladed teetering helicopter rotor in forward flight is concisely outlined. The following degrees of freedom are included in the mathematical model: rigid body flapping, rigid body lead-lag, elastic bending in flap and lead-lag, blade root torsion, and shaft torsion. Quasi-steady aerodynamic loads are considered and the effects of reversed flow are included. The aeroelastic stability of the complete rotor is investigated by using a linearized system of equations of motion. The equilibrium position about which the equations are linearized is obtained by considering the trim state of the helicopter, in true or simulated forward flight conditions. The sensitivity of the aeroelastic stability boundaries to interblade structural and mechanical coupling is illustrated by comparing the complete rotor stability boundaries with those obtained from a single blade analysis for a number of hover and forward flight cases.

Shamie, J.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Global, quasi-steady dynamics of the distant solar wind. 1: Origin of north-south flows in the outer heliosphere

Regular, large amplitude north-south flow deflections were observed near the heliographic equator by Voyager 2 in the outer heliosphere in 1986. We present results of numerical simulations supporting the idea that these motions are driven by interplanetary dynamical interactions occurring at quasi-steady stream fronts associated with the tilted-dipole coronal magnetic configuration at solar minimum. It is shown that under these conditions the coronal geometry is deeply impressed upon the large scale flow and it determines the disposition and orientation of solar wind structures to great heliocentric distances. The observed predominance of the north-south flow deflections (relative to the east-west deflections) and their observed quasiperiodicity are seen to be a natural consequence of the two-sector tilted-dipole stream structure in which the fronts of successive corotating interaction regions have opposing north-south tilts.

Pizzo, V. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Dynamic Nonlinear Elastic Stability of Helicopter Rotor Blades in Hover and in Forward Flight

Equations for large coupled flap-lag motion of hingeless elastic helicopter blades are consistently derived. Only torsionally-rigid blades excited by quasi-steady aerodynamic loads are considered. The nonlinear equations of motion in the time and space variables are reduced to a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients, using Galerkin's method for the space variables. The nonlinearities present in the equations are those arising from the inclusion of moderately large deflections in the inertia and aerodynamic loading terms. The resulting system of nonlinear equations has been solved, using an asymptotic expansion procedure in multiple time scales. The stability boundaries, amplitudes of nonlinear response, and conditions for existence of limit cycles are obtained analytically. Thus, the different roles played by the forcing function, parametric excitation, and nonlinear coupling in affecting the solution can be easily identified, and the basic physical mechanism of coupled flap-lag response becomes clear. The effect of forward flight is obtained with the requirement of trimmed flight at fixed values of the thrust coefficient.

Friedmann, P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Gaussian ideal impulsive loading of rigid viscoplastic plates

The response of a thin, rigid, viscoplastic plate subjected to a spatially axisymmetric Gaussian ideal impulse loading was studied analytically. The Gaussian ideal impulse distribution instantaneously imparts a Gaussian initial velocity distribution to the plate, except at the fixed boundary. The plate deforms with monotonically increasing deflections until the initial dynamic energy is completely dissipated in plastic work. The simply supported plate of uniform thickness obeys the von Mises yield criterion and a generalized constitutive equation for rigid, viscoplastic materials. For the small deflection bending response of the plate, neglecting the transverse shear stress in the yield condition and rotary inertia in the equations of dynamic equilibrium, the governing system of equations is essentially nonlinear. A proportional loading technique, known to give excellent approximations of the exact solution for the uniform load case, was used to linearize the problem and obtain analytical solution in the form of eigenvalue expansions. The linearized governing equations required the knowledge of the collapse load of the corresponding static problem.

Hayduk, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Small deflection of a class of clamped thin plates using collocation

Equations are given for the optimization of a class of two-and three-dimensional structures. The application of existing analytical techniques to the response of thin clamped plates is described. The ratios of deflections to plate thickness are given for uniform transverse loads as well as for uniform plus linearly varying transverse loads. Deflections are presented at angular increments of 5 degrees and at radial increments of 0.1 of the radius.

Worley, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The response of cylindrical panels fabricated from symmetrically and unsymmetrically laminated composite materials

Equations are developed which govern the deflection response of long cylindrical panels subjected to a line load. The line load is directed toward the center of curvature of the panel, is located at an arbitrary point along the arc length of the panel, and is included at an arbitrary angle relative to the radial direction. Only the geometrically linear problem is considered and the spatial dependence in the problem is reduced to one independent variable, specifically, the arc length along the panel. The problem is thus solvable in closed form. Both symmetrically laminated and the less common unsymmetrically laminated simply supported panels are studied. The unsymmetrically laminated case was considered because the natural shape of an unsymmetric laminate is cylindrical. Results are presented which show the influence of the location and inclination of the line load on panel deflection. Shallow and deep panels are considered. Both the symmetric and unsymmetric panels exhibit similar behavior, the unsymmetric configurations being less stiff. Limited experimental results are presented.

Carper, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Vibration/Libration Interaction Dynamics During the Orbiter Based Deployment of Flexible Members

Essential features of a general formulation for studying librational dynamics of a large class of spacecraft during deployment of flexible members are reviewed. The formulation is applicable to a variety of missions ranging from deployment of antennas, booms and solar panels to manufacturing of trusses for space platforms using the space shuttle. The governing nonlinear, non-autonomous and coupled equations of motion are extremely difficult to solve even with the help of a computer, not to mention the cost involved. To get some appreciation as to the complex interactions between flexibility, deployment and attitude dynamics as well as to help pursue stability and control analysis, the equations are linearized about their nominal deflected equilibrium configuration. The procedure is applied to the Space Shuttle based deployment of boom and plate-like members. Results suggest substantial influence of the inertia parameter, flexural rigidity of the appendages, orbit eccentricity, deployment velocity, initial conditions, etc. on the system response. The results should prove useful in planning of the Orbiter based experiments aimed at assessing effectiveness of procedures for studying dynamics and control of flexible orbiting members.

Modi, V. J.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Deformation and Flexibility Equations for Idealized ARIS Umbilicals, Under Planar End-Loading Conditions

The International Space Station (ISS) relies on the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS) as the central component of an integrated, station-wide strategy to isolate microgravity space-science experiments. ARIS uses electromechanical actuators to isolate an International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) from disturbances due to the motion of the ISS. Disturbances to microgravity experiments on ARIS-isolated racks are primarily transmitted via the ARTS power and vacuum umbilicals. Recent experimental tests indicate that these umbilicals resonate at frequencies outside the ARIS controller's bandwidth, at levels of potential concern for certain microgravity experiments. Reduction in the umbilical resonant frequencies could help to address this issue. This report develops equations for the in-plane deflections and flexibilities of an idealized umbilical (thin, flexible, cantilever beam) under end-point, in-plane loading (inclined-force and moment). The effect of gravity is neglected due to the on-orbit application. The analysis assumes an initially straight, cantilevered umbilical with uniform cross-section, which undergoes large deflections with no plastic deformation, such that the umbilical terminus remains in a single quadrant and the umbilical slope changes monotonically. The analysis is applicable to the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals, under the indicated assumptions.

Hampton, R. David↗
NASA NTRS2005

Deformation and Flexibility Equations for ARIS Umbilicals Idealized as Planar Elastica

The International Space Station relies on the active rack isolation system (ARIS) as the central component of an integrated, stationwide strategy to isolate microgravity space-science experiments. ARIS uses electromechanical actuators to isolate an international standard payload rack from disturbances due to the motion of the Space Station. Disturbances to microgravity experiments on ARIS isolated racks are transmitted primarily via the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals. Experimental tests indicate that these umbilicals resonate at frequencies outside the ARIS controller s bandwidth at levels of potential concern for certain microgravity experiments. Reduction in the umbilical resonant frequencies could help to address this issue. This work documents the development and verification of equations for the in-plane deflections and flexibilities of an idealized umbilical (thin, flexible, inextensible, cantilever beam) under end-point, in-plane loading (inclined-force and moment). The effect of gravity is neglected due to the on-orbit application. The analysis assumes an initially curved (not necessarily circular), cantilevered umbilical with uniform cross-section, which undergoes large deflections with no plastic deformation, such that the umbilical slope changes monotonically. The treatment is applicable to the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals under the indicated assumptions.

Hampton, R. David↗
NASA NTRS2009

Further Development of Ko Displacement Theory for Deformed Shape Predictions of Nonuniform Aerospace Structures

The Ko displacement theory previously formulated for deformed shape predictions of nonuniform beam structures is further developed mathematically. The further-developed displacement equations are expressed explicitly in terms of geometrical parameters of the beam and bending strains at equally spaced strain-sensing stations along the multiplexed fiber-optic sensor line installed on the bottom surface of the beam. The bending strain data can then be input into the displacement equations for calculations of local slopes, deflections, and cross-sectional twist angles for generating the overall deformed shapes of the nonuniform beam. The further-developed displacement theory can also be applied to the deformed shape predictions of nonuniform two-point supported beams, nonuniform panels, nonuniform aircraft wings and fuselages, and so forth. The high degree of accuracy of the further-developed displacement theory for nonuniform beams is validated by finite-element analysis of various nonuniform beam structures. Such structures include tapered tubular beams, depth-tapered unswept and swept wing boxes, width-tapered wing boxes, and double-tapered wing boxes, all under combined bending and torsional loads. The Ko displacement theory, combined with the fiber-optic strain-sensing system, provide a powerful tool for in-flight deformed shape monitoring of unmanned aerospace vehicles by ground-based pilots to maintain safe flights.

Ko, William L.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Deformation and Flexibility Equations for Idealized ARIS Umbilicals, Under Planar End-Loading Conditions

The International Space Station (ISS) relies on the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS) as the central component of an integrated, station-wide strategy to isolate microgravity space-science experiments. ARIS uses electromechanical actuators to isolate an International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) from disturbances due to the motion of the ISS. Disturbances to microgravity experiments on ARIS-isolated racks are primarily transmitted via the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals. Recent experimental tests indicate that these umbilicals resonate at frequencies outside the ARIS controller's bandwidth. at levels of potential concern for certain microgravity experiments. Reduction in the umbilical resonant frequencies could help to address this issue. This paper develops equations for the in-plane deflections and flexibilities of an idealized umbilical (thin, flexible, cantilever beam) under end-point, in-plane loading (inclined-force and moment). The effect of gravity is neglected due to the on:orbit application. The analysis assumes an initially straight. cantilevered umbilical with uniform cross-section. which undergoes large deflections with no plastic deformation, such that the umbilical terminus remains in a single quadrant and the umbilical slope changes monotonically. The analysis is applicable to the ARIS power and vacuum umbilicals. under the indicated assumptions.

Hampton, R. David↗