Space Data Storage Systems and Technologies
A central aspect of most space missions is the acquisition from space of unique mission-specific data and the subsequent return of these data to Earth.
storage ranging from magnetic tape to solid-state ↗
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Results for “data storage”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Advanced compact holographic data storage system
In this paper, recent technology progress developing this CHDS at JPL will be presented. The recent applications of the CHDS to optical pattern recognition systems as a high density, high transfer rate memory bank will also be discussed.
holographic↗
Managing the On-Board Data Storage, Acknowledgment and Retransmission System for Spitzer
The Spitzer Space Telescope has a two-phase downlink system. Data are transmitted during one telecom session. Then commands are sent during the next session to delete those data that were received and to retransmit those data that were missed. We must build sequences that are as efficient as possible to make the best use of our finite supply of liquid helium, One way to improve efficiency is to use only the minimum time needed during telecom sessions to transmit the predicted volume of data. But, we must also not fill the onboard storage and must allow enough time margin to retransmit missed data. We describe tools and procedures that allow us to build observatory sequences that are single-fault tolerant in this regard and that allow us to recover quickly and safely from anomalies that affect the receipt or acknowledgment of data.
Spitzer↗
Managing the On-Board Data Storage, Acknowledgement and Retransmission System for Spitzer
The Spitzer Space Telescope has a two-phase downlink system. Recorded data are transmitted during one telecom session. Then commands are sent during the next session to delete those data that were received on the ground and to retransmit those data that were missed. We must build science sequences that are as efficient as possible to make the best use of our supply of liquid helium. One way to improve efficiency is to use only the minimum time needed during telecom sessions to transmit the predicted volume of data. But, we must also not fill the on-board storage and must allow enough time margin to retransmit missed data. We describe tools and procedures that allow us to build science sequences that are single-fault tolerant in this regard and that allow us to recover quickly and safely from anomalies that affect the receipt or acknowledgment (i.e. deletion) of data.
on-board storage↗
Data-storage compression scheme
System uses scheme which does not respond to redundant data. Encoded sensor output signals are transferred to central processing unit only when change occurs in encoded 12-bit word.
Salomon, P. M.↗
Advanced techniques and technology for efficient data storage, access, and transfer
Advanced techniques for efficiently representing most forms of data are being implemented in practical hardware and software form through the joint efforts of three NASA centers. These techniques adapt to local statistical variations to continually provide near optimum code efficiency when representing data without error. Demonstrated in several earlier space applications, these techniques are the basis of initial NASA data compression standards specifications. Since the techniques clearly apply to most NASA science data, NASA invested in the development of both hardware and software implementations for general use. This investment includes high-speed single-chip very large scale integration (VLSI) coding and decoding modules as well as machine-transferrable software routines. The hardware chips were tested in the laboratory at data rates as high as 700 Mbits/s. A coding module's definition includes a predictive preprocessing stage and a powerful adaptive coding stage. The function of the preprocessor is to optimally process incoming data into a standard form data source that the second stage can handle.The built-in preprocessor of the VLSI coder chips is ideal for high-speed sampled data applications such as imaging and high-quality audio, but additionally, the second stage adaptive coder can be used separately with any source that can be externally preprocessed into the 'standard form'. This generic functionality assures that the applicability of these techniques and their recent high-speed implementations should be equally broad outside of NASA.
Rice, Robert F.↗
A Thermal Survey Instrument Using LSI Data Storage
This paper describes a developmental system for monitoring the temperature of lakes and rivers. The battery powered instrument is housed in a buoy and requires no external electrical connections. Temperature is periodically sampled and stored in LSI shift register circuits. Depending on the type of data reduction used, storage times from days to weeks are possible. The measurement range is from 0 C to 50 C with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 c. This is accomplished using a novel temperature sensitive C/MOS oscillator together with off-line computer linearization. The electronics is partitioned for eventual C/MOS LSI implementation which should result in a total cost of under $1,000 for the system.
Lathrop. Jay W.↗
Assimilation of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Data into a Land Surface Model
The NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) system of satellites provides observations of large-scale, monthly terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes. In. this presentation we describe a land data assimilation system that ingests GRACE observations and show that the assimilation improves estimates of water storage and fluxes, as evaluated against independent measurements. The ensemble-based land data assimilation system uses a Kalman smoother approach along with the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM). We assimilated GRACE-derived TWS anomalies for each of the four major sub-basins of the Mississippi into the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM). Compared with the open-loop (no assimilation) CLSM simulation, assimilation estimates of groundwater variability exhibited enhanced skill with respect to measured groundwater. Assimilation also significantly increased the correlation between simulated TWS and gauged river flow for all four sub-basins and for the Mississippi River basin itself. In addition, model performance was evaluated for watersheds smaller than the scale of GRACE observations, in the majority of cases, GRACE assimilation led to increased correlation between TWS estimates and gauged river flow, indicating that data assimilation has considerable potential to downscale GRACE data for hydrological applications. We will also describe how the output from the GRACE land data assimilation system is now being prepared for use in the North American Drought Monitor.
Reichle, Rolf H.↗
High-performance data format for scientific data storage and analysis
Here, in this article, we present the High-Performance Output (HiPO) data format developed at Jefferson Laboratory for storing and analyzing data from Nuclear Physics experiments. The format was designed to efficiently store large amounts of experimental data, utilizing modern fast compression algorithms. The purpose of this development was to provide organized data in the output, facilitating access to relevant information within the large data files. The HiPO data format has features that are suited for storing raw detector data, reconstruction data, and the final physics analysis data efficiently, eliminating the need to do data conversions through the lifecycle of experimental data. The HiPO data format is implemented in C++ and JAVA, and provides bindings to FORTRAN, Python, and Julia, providing users with the choice of data analysis frameworks to use. In this paper, we will present the general design and functionalities of the HiPO library and compare the performance of the library with more established data formats used in data analysis in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (such as ROOT and Parquete). In columnar data analysis, HiPO surpasses established data formats in performance and can be effectively applied to data analysis in other scientific fields.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Design of a Mission Data Storage and Retrieval System for NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
The Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) employs the WATR Integrated Next Generation System (WINGS) for the processing and display of aeronautical flight data. This report discusses the post-mission segment of the WINGS architecture. A team designed and implemented a system for the near- and long-term storage and distribution of mission data for flight projects at DFRC, providing the user with intelligent access to data. Discussed are the legacy system, an industry survey, system operational concept, high-level system features, and initial design efforts.
Lux, Jessica↗
Design of a Mission Data Storage and Retrieval System for NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
The Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) employs the WATR Integrated Next Generation System (WINGS) for the processing and display of aeronautical flight data. This report discusses the post-mission segment of the WINGS architecture. A team designed and implemented a system for the near- and long-term storage and distribution of mission data for flight projects at DFRC, providing the user with intelligent access to data. Discussed are the legacy system, an industry survey, system operational concept, high-level system features, and initial design efforts.
Lux, Jessica↗
Data storage and retrieval system abstract
The STX mass storage system design is intended for environments requiring high speed access to large volumes of data (terabyte and greater). Prior to commitment to a product design plan, STX conducted an exhaustive study of the commercially available off-the-shelf hardware and software. STX also conducted research into the area of emerging technologies in networks and storage media so that the design could easily accommodate new interfaces and peripherals as they came on the market. All the selected system elements were brought together in a demo suite sponsored jointly by STX and ALLIANT where the system elements were evaluated based on actual operation using a client-server mirror image configuration. Testing was conducted to assess the various component overheads and results were compared against vendor data claims. The resultant system, while adequate to meet our capacity requirements, fell short of transfer speed expectations. A product team lead by STX was assembled and chartered with solving the bottleneck issues. Optimization efforts yielded a 60 percent improvement in throughput performance. The ALLIANT computer platform provided the I/O flexibility needed to accommodate a multitude of peripheral interfaces including the following: up to twelve 25MB/s VME I/O channels; up to five HiPPI I/O full duplex channels; IPI-s, SCSI, SMD, and RAID disk array support; standard networking software support for TCP/IP, NFS, and FTP; open architecture based on standard RISC processors; and V.4/POSIX-based operating system (Concentrix). All components including the software are modular in design and can be reconfigured as needs and system uses change. Users can begin with a small system and add modules as needed in the field. Most add-ons can be accomplished seamlessly without revision, recompilation or re-linking of software.
Matheson, Barbara↗
Achievements in optical data storage and retrieval
The present paper deals with the current achievements in two technology efforts, one of which is a wideband holographic recorder which uses multichannel recording of data in the form of holograms on roll film for storage and retrieval of large unit records at hundreds of megabit per second. The second effort involves a system (termed DIGIMEN) which uses binary spot recording on photographic film in the form of microfiche to provide a mass storage capability with automatic computer-controlled random access to stored records. Some potential design improvements are noted.
Nelson, R. H.↗
Mariner Mars 1971 data storage subsystem
A digital tape recorder was used on the Mariner Mars 1971 spacecraft to record television and scientific data. Data were recorded at 132 kilobits/sec and were reproduced at one of five available rates (16.2, 8.1, 4.05, 2.05, or 1.0125 kilobits/sec) selected by ground command to be congruous with the spacecraft-to-earth communications link performance. The transport mechanism contained 167 m of 1.2 cm magnetic recording tape. A single motor was used to drive the peripheral drive transport. During development of the design, stick slip problems were encountered. A design life of 2400 tape passes was achieved during the mission.
Grumm, R.↗
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data storage and analysis using a microcomputer
The current widespread use of microcomputers has led to the creation of some very low-cost instrumentation. A Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) storage device/data analyzer -- a peripheral plug-in board especially constructed to enable a personal computer to store and analyze data from a PCM source -- was designed and built for use on the NASA Sounding Rocket Program for PMC encoder configuration and testing. This board and custom-written software turns a computer into a snapshot PCM decommutator which will accept and store many hundreds or thousands of PCM telemetry data frames, then sift through them repeatedly. These data can be converted to any number base and displayed, examined for any bit dropouts or changes (in particular, words or frames), graphically plotted, or statistically analyzed.
Massey, D. E.↗
Providing the Persistent Data Storage in a Software Engineering Environment Using Java/COBRA and a DBMS
An investigation was undertaken to build the software foundation for the WHERE (Web-based Hyper-text Environment for Requirements Engineering) project. The TCM (Toolkit for Conceptual Modeling) was chosen as the foundation software for the WHERE project which aims to provide an environment for facilitating collaboration among geographically distributed people involved in the Requirements Engineering process. The TCM is a collection of diagram and table editors and has been implemented in the C++ programming language. The C++ implementation of the TCM was translated into Java in order to allow the editors to be used for building various functionality of the WHERE project; the WHERE project intends to use the Web as its communication back- bone. One of the limitations of the translated software (TcmJava), which militated against its use in the WHERE project, was persistent data management mechanisms which it inherited from the original TCM; it was designed to be used in standalone applications. Before TcmJava editors could be used as a part of the multi-user, geographically distributed applications of the WHERE project, a persistent storage mechanism must be built which would allow data communication over the Internet, using the capabilities of the Web. An approach involving features of Java, CORBA (Common Object Request Broker), the Web, a middle-ware (Java Relational Binding (JRB)), and a database server was used to build the persistent data management infrastructure for the WHERE project. The developed infrastructure allows a TcmJava editor to be downloaded and run from a network host by using a JDK 1.1 (Java Developer's Kit) compatible Web-browser. The aforementioned editor establishes connection with a server by using the ORB (Object Request Broker) software and stores/retrieves data in/from the server. The server consists of a CORBA object or objects depending upon whether the data is to be made persistent on a single server or multiple servers. The CORBA object providing the persistent data server is implemented using the Java progranu-ning language. It uses the JRB to store/retrieve data in/from a relational database server. The persistent data management system provides transaction and user management facilities which allow multi-user, distributed access to the stored data in a secure manner.
Dhaliwal, Swarn S.↗
Using Enhanced Grace Water Storage Data to Improve Drought Detection by the U.S. and North American Drought Monitors
NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measure time variations of the Earth's gravity field enabling reliable detection of spatio-temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage (TWS), including groundwater. The U.S. and North American Drought Monitors rely heavily on precipitation indices and do not currently incorporate systematic observations of deep soil moisture and groundwater storage conditions. Thus GRACE has great potential to improve the Drought Monitors by filling this observational gap. GRACE TWS data were assimilating into the Catchment Land Surface Model using an ensemble Kalman smoother enabling spatial and temporal downscaling and vertical decomposition into soil moisture and groundwater components. The Drought Monitors combine several short- and long-term drought indicators expressed in percentiles as a reference to their historical frequency of occurrence. To be consistent, we generated a climatology of estimated soil moisture and ground water based on a 60-year Catchment model simulation, which was used to convert seven years of GRACE assimilated fields into drought indicator percentiles. At this stage we provide a preliminary evaluation of the GRACE assimilated moisture and indicator fields.
Houborg, Rasmus↗
Earth Radar Missions Requiring High Volume Data Storage
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Radar (SIR-C) TOPSAT↗