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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Quantifying Disconnection of Groundwater From Managed‐Ephemeral Surface Water During Drought and Conjunctive Agricultural Use

Abstract The physics of disconnection between interrelated surface and groundwater has evolved considerably in recent years, especially since conjunctive use of water resources is increasingly dependent on groundwater resilience, but methods to measure disconnection on a river basin scale are lacking especially for managed‐ephemeral and irrigated‐agricultural systems. Multiyear drought limited surface water along Rincon Valley within the Elephant Butte Irrigation District (EBID) in the arid, Lower Rio Grande Basin of south‐central New Mexico, USA, and effects were compounded by continued extraction of groundwater to meet crop requirements. Average year‐end water table elevations in recent years have been below the average elevation of the riverbed, indicating potential disconnection between the river and the aquifer even when the river flows during the irrigation season. This study analyzed data from EBID groundwater monitoring wells adjacent to the river, infiltration determined from river flows, and riverbed measurements along the Rincon Valley reach to determine net annual seepage discharge to the aquifer and annual average pressure head below the river. Annual assessment from 2010 to 2017 confirmed that the drought shifted the system from connection to transition and then to disconnection. Nonlinear regression was used to quantify this shift to disconnection and back, enabled determination of several disconnection process metrics, and was also used to confirm that nonlinear disconnection behavior was reversible without significant hysteresis. The method developed herein confirms that the total head difference transition threshold can be determined from river/riparian monitoring sites over reach to basin scales.

Fuchs, Erek H.↗
DOE OSTI2015

A monolithically integrated, intrinsically safe, 10% efficient, solar-driven water-splitting system based on active, stable earth-abundant electrocatalysts in conjunction with tandem III–V light absorbers protected by amorphous TiO 2 films

A monolithically integrated device consisting of a tandem-junction GaAs/InGaP photoanode coated by an amorphous TiO 2 stabilization layer, in conjunction with Ni-based, earth-abundant active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen-evolution and oxygen-evolution reactions, was used to effect unassisted, solar-driven water splitting in 1.0 M KOH(aq). When connected to a Ni–Mo-coated counterelectrode in a two-electrode cell configuration, the TiO 2 -protected III–V tandem device exhibited a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, η STH , of 10.5% under 1 sun illumination, with stable performance for >40 h of continuous operation at an efficiency of η STH > 10%. The protected tandem device also formed the basis for a monolithically integrated, intrinsically safe solar-hydrogen prototype system (1 cm 2 ) driven by a NiMo/GaAs/InGaP/TiO 2 /Ni structure. The intrinsically safe system exhibited a hydrogen production rate of 0.81 μL s –1 and a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 8.6% under 1 sun illumination in 1.0 M KOH(aq), with minimal product gas crossover while allowing for beneficial collection of separate streams of H 2 (g) and O 2 (g).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium( I ) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging

Optical fluorescence microscopy was used in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence microscopy to monitor the stability and intracellular distribution of the luminescent rhenium(I) complex fac -[Re(CO) 3 (phen)L], where phen = 1,10-phenathroline and L = 5-(4-iodophenyl)tetrazolato, in 22Rv1 cells. The rhenium complex showed no signs of ancillary ligand dissociation, a conclusion based on data obtained via X-ray fluorescence imaging aligning iodine and rhenium distributions. A diffuse reticular localisation was detected for the complex, in the nuclear/perinuclear region of cells, by either optical or X-ray fluorescence techniques. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence also showed that the Re-I complex disrupted the homeostasis of some biologically relevant elements, such as chlorine, potassium and zinc.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-G-JeP3-13: Use of Volumetric Indices to Study the Viability of Respiratory Gating in Conjunction with Abdominal Compression in the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Under the Conditions of Controlled Breathing

Purpose: AAPM TG-76 report advises lung patients experiencing tumor motion >5mm to use some form of motion management with even smaller limit for complex/special procedures like SBRT. Generally, either respiratory gating or abdominal compression is used for motion management. In this retrospective study, we are using an innovative index, Volumetric Indices (VI) = (GTVnn AND GTV{sub 50+}Xmm)/(GTVnn) to quantify how much of the tumor remains within 1, 2, and 3mm margins throughout the breathing cycle using GTV{sub 50+}Xmm margin on GTV{sub 50}[nn=0,10,20,…90]. Using appropriate limits, VI can provide tumor motion information and to check if RPM gates could have been used in conjunction with abdominal compression to better manage tumor motion. Methods: 64 SBRT patients with a total of 67 lung tumors were studied. 4DCT scans were taken, fully capturing tumor motion throughout the 10 phases of the breathing cycle. For each phase, Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) was segmented and appropriates structures were defined to determine VI values. For the 2mm margin, VI values less than 0.95 for peripheral lesions and 0.97 for central lesions indicate tumor movement greater than 4mm. VI values for 1mm and 3mm margins were also analyzed signifying tumor motion of 2mm & 6mm, respectively. Results: Of the 64 patients, 35 (55%) had motion greater than 4mm & could have benefited from respiratory gating. For 5/8 (63%) middle lobe lesions, 21/27 (78%) lower lobe lesions, and 10/32 (31%) upper lobe lesions, gating could have resulted in smaller ITV. 32/55 (58%) peripheral lesions and 4/12 (33%) central lesions could have had gating. Average ITV decreased by 1.25cc (11.43%) and average VI increased by 0.11. Conclusion: Out of 64 patients, 55% exhibited motion greater than 4mm even with abdominal compression. Even with abdominalcompression, lung tumors can move >4mm as the degree of pressure which a patient can tolerate, is patient specific.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Estimating Household Travel Energy Consumption in Conjunction with a Travel Demand Forecasting Model

This paper presents a methodology for the calculation of the consumption of household travel energy at the level of the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) in conjunction with information that is readily available from a standard four-step travel demand model system. This methodology embeds two algorithms. The first provides a means of allocating non-home-based trips to residential zones that are the source of such trips, whereas the second provides a mechanism for incorporating the effects of household vehicle fleet composition on fuel consumption. The methodology is applied to the greater Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region in the United States and is found to offer a robust mechanism for calculating the footprint of household travel energy at the level of the individual TAZ; this mechanism makes possible the study of variations in the energy footprint across space. The travel energy footprint is strongly correlated with the density of the built environment, although socioeconomic differences across TAZs also likely contribute to differences in travel energy footprints. The TAZ-level calculator of the footprint of household travel energy can be used to analyze alternative futures and relate differences in the energy footprint to differences in a number of contributing factors and thus enables the design of urban form, formulation of policy interventions, and implementation of awareness campaigns that may produce more-sustainable patterns of energy consumption.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1973

Determination of the relativistic time delay from the Mariner 9 superior conjunction data

The purpose of the analyses performed is to investigate the Mariner 9 superior conjunction range and Doppler data in order to determine the values for the relativity and solar corona time-delay parameters. This approach is complementary to the long arc normal point approach. The two methods of analysis differ insofar as: (1) This analysis investigates a much shorter arc of data. (2) This procedure deals directly with the Mariner 9 Doppler and range data; therefore it avoids the intermediate step involved in constructing pseudo-data. It is complementary to the reduction of the normal point data because it relies upon the generation of an Earth-Mars ephemeris, which is determined from the analysis of normal points as well as past optical and radar data.

Esposito, P. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The Pioneer 11 1976 solar conjunction: A unique opportunity to explore the heliographic latitudinal variations of the solar corona

The 1976 Pioneer II Solar Conjunction provided the opportunity to accumulate a substantial quantity of doppler noise data over a dynamic range of signal closest approach point heliographic latitudes. The observed doppler noise data were fit to the doppler noise model ISED, and the deviations of the observed doppler noise data from the model were used to construct a (multiplicative) function to describe the effect of heliographic latitude. This expression was then incorporated into the ISED model to produce a new doppler noise model-ISEDB.

Berman, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The 1976 Helios and Pioneer solar conjunctions-continuing corroboration of the link between Doppler noise and integrated signal path electron density

Observed Doppler noise (rms phase jitter) from the 1976 solar conjunctions of the Helios 1 and 2 and the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft was processed with a recently developed Doppler noise model ISEDB. Good agreement is obtained between the observed data and the model. Correlation is shown between deviations from the ISEDB model and sunspot activity, but it is insufficient to be modeled. Correlation is also shown between ISEDB model deviations for (spacecraft) signal paths on the same side of the sun.

Berman, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts for materials of low elastic modulus. I - Fully flooded conjunction

A complete numerical solution is presented to the problem of isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts for low-elastic-modulus materials operating under fully loaded conditions. No assumption is made for the pressure or film thickness within the contact, and compressibility and viscous effects are taken into account. Because of the dimensionless representation of the coordinates, the actual Hertzian contact ellipse becomes a circle regardless of the value of the ellipticity parameter. A minimum-film-thickness relation and a central-film-thickness relation are derived from examining 17 different cases. Contour plots for detailed illustration of the pressure distribution and film thickness in the conjunction are provided.

Hamrock, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

An imaging X-ray spectrometer to study solar activity in conjunction with the SCADM program

An experiment is proposed to study solar active region dynamics and evolution. The experiment will employ an imaging X-ray spectrometer to study solar activity in conjunction with the SCADM program. A summary of the experiment is presented which includes the specifications and capabilities of the X-ray spectrometer, the scientific objectives, the method of approach, and a comparison of the experiment with other solar X-ray experiments. The experiment is proposed for use on the space shuttle due to its larger volume and weight capacity.

Blake, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

High dispersion spectroscopic observations of Venus near superior conjunction. IV - Results for the carbon dioxide bands in the IV-N photographic region

Phase curves for the CO2 bands at 7883, 7820, and 8689 A are presented. While the weaker bands at 7820 and 7883 A show a definite 'inverse phase effect,' the band at 8689 A shows a more normal phase curve; it also exhibited much larger day-to-day variations in the CO2 abundance near superior conjunction in 1971. Because the variation of the phase curves with band strength is comparable to temporal variations on Venus, simultaneous observations of strong and weak bands are still needed to determine the dependence on band strength accurately.

Young, L. D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Studies of lightning data in conjunction with geostationary satellite data

The archiving of a more complete data base to perform lightning studies is outlined. This effort includes: (1) continued archiving of bureau of land management LLP, geostationary satellite, and NWS radar data; (2) expansion of the McIDAS real-time LLP access to other networks. Additional processing tools for display and analysis of lightning location data in conjunction with geostationary satellite data are developed which entails adapting existing McIDAS software to allow the production of statistical summaries and contouring of lightning characteristics over user defined areas or storms. The plotting of three dimensional displays of lightning statistics versus satellite and radar data, and the performance of an error analysis of lightning location data using overlapping regions of the BLM network are discussed.

Suchman, D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Modulated beam injection from the Space Shuttle during magnetic conjunctions of STS 3 with the DE 1 satellite

An electron beam emitted from the Office of Space Sciences 1 pallet on STS 3 was pulsed with specially designed very low frequency (VLF) formats in an attempt to generate whistler mode waves. Modulated operations of the beam emitted by a fast pulse electron generator (FPEG) were initiated during times of magnetic conjunctions between STS 3 and the high-altitude DE 1 satellite equipped with broadband VLF receivers. Coordinated FPEG/VLF modulation and DE 1 wideband data acquisition were achieved in 12 different cases. No evidence of any waves generated by FPEG were detected on the DE 1 analog wideband data. However, it is shown that in all of the cases, either the STS 3 attitude was such that the emitted electrons struck the main body of the vehicle, or it was not possible for whistler mode waves to propagate from the STS 3 location up to the vicinity of the DE 1 satellite.

Inan, U. S.↗