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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Semi‐Continuous Ex Situ Carbon Dioxide Mineralization in Produced Water for Calcite Production

ABSTRACT The mineralization of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to stable carbonate products is a desirable process for carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS). However, improving the process economics through creative use of available reactants is necessary to develop a scalable mineralization process. This study details the development of a semi‐continuous CO 2 mineralization process that uses flue gas as a point CO 2 source, produced water (PW) as an alkaline source of Ca 2+ , and NaOH effluent (potentially sourced from integration with the chlor‐alkali process. Operating at a controlled pH allowed for both complete reaction of available Ca 2+ (100% carbonation potential or 9.9 g CO 2 .L –1 PW brine) and for reproducible control of the produced calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) product. A full factorial design of experiments was implemented to study the effects of reaction temperature, pH, and gaseous CO 2 concentration on the mineralization and CO 2 capture rates as well as product crystalline structure and morphology. A maximum CO 2 capture rate of 0.315 ± 0.007 kg.L –1 .d –1 was achieved at 25°C and 25% CO 2 . CO 2 gas to liquid phase mass transport is believed to be the rate limiting step. With improved reactor design and optimization, the proposed semi‐continuous mineralization process shows promise for scaling to a pilot scale CO 2 capture technology.

Bennett, Quinn [Institute for Sustainable Energy &↗
DOE OSTI2023

Global assessment of the carbon–water tradeoff of dry cooling for thermal power generation

Water scarcity and climate change are dual challenges that could potentially threaten energy security. Yet, integrated water–carbon management frameworks coupling diverse water- and carbon-mitigation technologies at high spatial heterogeneity are largely underdeveloped. Here we build a global unit-level framework to investigate the CO 2 emission and energy penalty due to the deployment of dry cooling—a critical water mitigation strategy—together with alternative water sourcing and carbon capture and storage under climate scenarios. We find that CO 2 emission and energy penalty for dry cooling units are location and climate specific (for example, 1–15% of power output), often demonstrating notably faster efficiency losses than rising temperature, especially under the high climate change scenario. Despite energy and CO 2 penalties associated with alternative water treatment and carbon capture and storage utilization, increasing wastewater and brine water accessibility provide potential alternatives to dry cooling for water scarcity alleviation, whereas CO 2 storage can help to mitigate dry cooling-associated CO 2 emission tradeoffs when alternative water supply is insufficient. By demonstrating an integrative planning framework, our study highlights the importance of integrated power sector planning under interconnected dual water–carbon challenges.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Regional Geologic Cross Sections for Potential Storage and Containment Zones in the MRCSP Region [plus Plates 1-6]

The regional characterization work conducted by the Geoteams during the MRCSP Phase III project period (2010 –2019) focused on the following tasks: (1) refinement of geologic seals/reservoir systems; (2) assessment of Atlantic Coastal Plain and offshore opportunities; (3) expanded assessments of oil and gas fields, particularly as they relate to enhanced recovery opportunities; (4) regional support for implementation of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) in the partnership area; and (5) communication and data sharing. This report, entitled Regional Geology, has been prepared in association with (4), regional support for implementation of CCUS in the partnership area..

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Balancing CO 2 Pipeline Infrastructure Challenges

Conference presentation at American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference, Houston, Texas, March 28–30, 2022. This study on the pipeline systems revealed challenges that a pipeline system will face: a) pipeline cost estimates and cost drivers, b) cost and hydraulics optimization, and c) temperature effects on the pipeline capacity and maximum injection pressure at an injection well.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Patterson #5-25 Well in Western Kansas

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) site in Morgantown, West Virginia, were used to characterize core from the Patterson Field site. This core came from a vertical well (Patterson #5-25 well) that was obtained as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Integrated Midcontinental Stacked Carbon Storage Hub. The primary impetus of this work is a collaboration between NETL and the Kansas Geological Survey to characterize core from the Patterson Field site. The 625 ft of whole core from the Atoka Formation to Precambrian Basement was characterized at NETL. As part of this effort, bulk scans of core were obtained. This report, and the associated scans, provide detailed datasets not typically made publicly available for carbon capture utilization and storage analysis. The resultant datasets are presented in this report and can be accessed from NETL's Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/patterson-5-25-well. All equipment and techniques used were non-destructive, enabling future examinations and analyses to be performed on these cores. None of the equipment used was suitable for direct visualization of the shale pore space, although fractures and discontinuities were detectable with the methods tested. Low resolution CT imagery with the NETL medical CT scanner was performed on the entire core. Qualitative analysis of the medical CT images, coupled with x-ray fluorescence (XRF), P-wave, and magnetic susceptibility measurements from the MSCL are useful in identifying zones of interest for more detailed analysis as well as fractured zones. The ability to quickly identify key areas for more detailed study with higher resolution will save time and resources in future studies. The combination of methods used provided a multi-scale analysis of this core and provided both a macro and micro description of the core that is relevant for many subsurface energy related examinations that have traditionally been performed at NETL.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mineralization of alkaline waste for CCUS

Ex-situ mineralization processes leverage the reaction of alkaline materials with CO 2 to form solid carbonate minerals for carbon capture, utilization, and storage. Annually, enough alkaline waste is generated to reduce global CO 2 emissions by a significant percentage via mineralization. However, while the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and occurs spontaneously, it is kinetically limited. Thus, a number of techniques have emerged to increase the efficiency of mineralization to achieve a scalable process. In this review, we discuss mineralization of waste streams with significant potential to scale to high levels of CO 2 sequestration. Focus is placed on the effect of operating parameters on carbonation kinetics and efficiency, methods, cost, and current scale of technologies.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

InSAR Monitoring to Evaluate Surface Changes with CO 2 Storage in a Depleted Oil Field in Northern Michigan

Battelle evaluated the potential use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for monitoring the outcome of injected CO 2 at the Dover 33 reef near Gaylord, Michigan. InSAR is a satellite-based technology that provides high-precision information on the movement of ground surface in areas with high radar coherence (e.g., roads, buildings, bare soils). Depending on the setting, this technique may provide a useful tool for characterizing reservoirs by measuring surface deformations from activities such as brine water disposal; production of water, oil, and/or gas; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS).

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

PCOR partnership initiative to accelerate CCCUS deployment

The Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership Initiative, led by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), was a 5-year collaborative effort under the U.S. Department of Energy’s Regional Initiative to Accelerate CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage). With support from the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources (UW SER), the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Northern Engineering (UAF INE), and a broad network of public and private stakeholders, the program focused on overcoming regional challenges to CCUS across ten U.S. states and four Canadian provinces. This report summarizes the notable findings of the EERC and its collaborators through the 5-year PCOR Partnership Initiative phase. The EERC developed and demonstrated a risk-based area of review (AOR) workflow for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Class VI carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage permitting.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fracture Network Prediction Using Physics-based Machine Learning Algorithms

In recent years, systematic CO2 injection into geological reservoirs across the U.S. has gained traction as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This approach necessitates precise monitoring to ensure secure containment, minimize risks, and optimize storage management. Our study leverages machine learning (ML) techniques to advance the understanding of CO2 injection processes, focusing on the Illinois Basin. Over a three-year injection period, we analyzed microseismic data, identifying 19 temporal intervals with significant bottom-hole pressure changes. By partitioning microseismic events into these intervals and estimating b-values, we revealed over 100 clusters of events related to fracture initiation or reactivation. Advanced spatial analysis highlighted horizontally-oriented fractures along the NNW-SSE axis. This quantification of fracture networks informs dynamic injection scheduling, work-over strategies, and risk assessments, enhancing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) operations. Additionally, our methodology offers valuable insights for oil and gas operations and geothermal development, supporting fracture-based monitoring and risk mitigation.

Kumar, Abhash↗
DOE OSTI2022

First Wave of Incentive-Driven CCS Projects in North Dakota

Conference poster presented at American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference, Houston, Texas, March 28–30, 2022. While the central interior of North America offers a tremendous storage resource, optimization will be key to meaningfully reducing the more than 2.6 billion tons of CO 2 emitted annually from large point sources in the United States. These initial projects tend to have the most favorable economics and are often able to take advantage of the best geology, with little to no competition for resource. This initial wave of projects is informing investment in and creating the opportunity for innovation that will enable the next wave of incentive-based CCS projects. Such innovation is critical for reducing costs, enhancing the design and operability of the next wave of CCS projects, and realizing more of the 250 billion tons of storage resource in North Dakota.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Review of CCUS in the Context of Foams, Regulatory Frameworks and Monitoring

Greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere is considered the main reason for the rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature. According to the Paris Agreement, to prevent the rise of the global average surface temperature beyond two degrees Celsius, global CO2 emissions must be cut substantially. While a transition to a net-zero emission scenario is envisioned by mid-century, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) will play a crucial role in mitigating ongoing greenhouse gas emissions. Injection of CO2 into geological formations is a major pathway to enable large-scale storage. Despite significant recent technological advancements, mass deployment of these technologies still faces several technical and non-technical difficulties. This paper provides an overview of technical milestones reached thus far in CO2 capture, utilization, geological storage, monitoring technologies, and non-technical aspects such as regulatory frameworks and related policies in the US and the rest of the world. This paper describes different injection methods to store CO2 in various subsurface formations, the use of foams and the resulting potential gains in CO2 storage capacity, the role of nanoparticles for foam stabilization, and ensuring long-term storage safety. This work also addresses several safety-related aspects of geological storage and subsurface monitoring technologies that may mitigate risks associated with long-term storage.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Parametric Study to Assess Technical Prospect Feasibility for Offshore CO 2 Storage

This report is a white paper on the parametric study to assess technical prospect feasibility for CO 2 storage with and without CO 2 -EOR. The SECARB Offshore GOM team reviewed key parameters that previous modeling experience suggests have the largest impact on CO 2 plume size and CO 2 -EOR performance (SSEB, 2019) These parameters include tectonic impacts (reservoir dip and fault block size), reservoir properties (permeability) and development strategies (well field payout, waterflood, and CO 2 flooding strategies). These parameters are further evaluated in this study in order to identify upper and lower boundary conditions for the parametric values. The boundary conditions are needed to set constraints for key parameters when performing modeling assessments. Understanding the key parametric values for the GOM will facilitate locating successful offshore carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) projects in terms of plume size, CO 2 stored and, in the case of EOR, oil recovery. Importantly, this white paper focuses on both technical factors (geologic and engineering), but does not address economic, commercial, or stakeholder considerations. The report is organized into four sections and includes a review of the datasets used to define the parameter ranges, the results of a full-physics reservoir simulation, a summary of a reduced order modeling approach to evaluate the impact of the study parameters, and, finally, a discussion of the work that will occur during the next phase of the project.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling Cost of Offshore Carbon Storage in Saline Reservoirs

Poster presentation to the AAPG-SEG-SPE CCUS 2024 Conference. Offshore saline reservoirs provide a significant and accessible resource for geologic carbon storage (CS). The offshore environment requires distinct approaches to site selection, operations, monitoring, and risk that affect the technoeconomic assessment of offshore CS projects. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has developed a CS cost model for offshore saline reservoirs known as CO2_S_COM_Offshore. Based on NETL’s widely used CO2_S_COM cost model for onshore saline CS, CO2_S_COM_Offshore enables technoeconomic analysis of CS in offshore areas. This model comprehensively incorporates multiple facets of offshore CS projects, from regional evaluation and site selection to permitting, transport, operations, monitoring, site closure, and decommissioning. Developed to model cost for offshore United States (US) Exclusive Economic Zones, aspects of this model can be adapted to international projects. Presented at the SPE/AAPG/SEG Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Conference in Houston, TX, March 11-13, 2024.

Mark-Moser, Mackenzie K.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tetrameric self-assembling of water-lean solvents enables carbamate anhydride-based CO2 capture chemistry

Abstract Carbon capture, utilization and storage is a key yet cost-intensive technology for the fight against climate change. Single-component water-lean solvents have emerged as promising materials for post-combustion CO 2 capture, but little is known regarding their mechanism of action. Here we present a combined experimental and modelling study of single-component water-lean solvents, and we find that CO 2 capture is accompanied by the self-assembly of reverse-micelle-like tetrameric clusters in solution. This spontaneous aggregation leads to stepwise cooperative capture phenomena with highly contrasting mechanistic and thermodynamic features. The emergence of well-defined supramolecular architectures displaying a hydrogen-bonded internal core, reminiscent of enzymatic active sites, enables the formation of CO 2 -containing molecular species such as carbamic acid, carbamic anhydride and alkoxy carbamic anhydrides. This system extends the scope of adducts and mechanisms observed during carbon capture. It opens the way to materials with a higher CO 2 storage capacity and provides a means for carbamates to potentially act as initiators for future oligomerization or polymerization of CO 2 .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Multi-criteria CCUS Screening Evaluation of the Gulf of Mexico, USA - Supplementary Data

The Wendt et al. study aims to incorporate multiple and disparate carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) decision-making criteria into a systematic, quantitative analytical approach to help identify areas with potentially high suitability to serve as offshore CO2 storage or EOR regions. Spatially-distributed data from publicly-available sources within the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) study area (limited to federal waters; state waters were not evaluated) was compiled using the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Cumulative Spatial Impact Layers™ (CSIL) tool to easily aggregate data based on evenly-distributed grids across the study region set at a resolution of approximately 25 square miles (65 square kilometers). The data included in this Microsoft Excel™ workbook provide the aggregated scores for each grid point across the study domain as well the weighting for each criterion under the four scenarios evaluated.

CCUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Adaptive Mesh Refinement Large Eddy Simulation of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Round Turbulent Jet

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is of interest to a range of engineering problems, including carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) as well as advanced cycles for power generation. Non-ideal variations in physical properties of sCO2 impact the physics of these systems. In this study, we simulate turbulent sCO2 jets to gain a better understanding of these physics.We use a second order finite volume method with adaptive mesh refinement as implemented in the first-principles simulation code PeleC to perform a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of three turbulent jets of sCO2. Additionally, we use the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state to close the system and examine the impact of a cubic equation of state on the turbulent flow physics. We look at velocity and Reynolds stress profiles at different downstream locations for three cases in which the temperature of the jet andthat of the ambient fluid differ in order to capture the effects of widely varying thermal properties in the pseudocritical region. These results are then contrasted with established theory for ideal gas jets.

adaptive mesh refinement↗
DOE OSTI2020

InSAR Monitoring to Evaluate Surface Changes with CO 2 Storage in a Depleted Oil Field in Northern Michigan (Volume II.E)

The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) was founded in 2003 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership initiative. Since its founding, MRCSP has made significant strides toward making CCUS a viable option for states in the region. The public/private consortium, funded through the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Initiative, brings together nearly 40 industry partners and 10 states. Battelle, as the project lead, oversees research, development and operations and coordinates activities among the partners. The incremental, phased approach has built a valuable knowledge base for the industry and paved the way for commercial-scale adoption of CCUS technologies. From 2008 to 2020, MRCSP Phase III focused on the development of large-scale injection projects. This report is part of a series of reports prepared under the Midwestern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase III (Development Phase). These reports summarize and detail the findings of the work conducted under the Phase III project. This report describes the effort under MRCP to evaluate the potential use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for monitoring the outcome of injected CO 2 at the Dover 33 reef near Gaylord, Michigan. InSAR is a satellite-based technology that provides high-precision information on the movement of ground surface in areas with high radar coherence (e.g., roads, buildings, bare soils). Depending on the setting, this technique may provide a useful tool for characterizing reservoirs by measuring surface deformations from activities such as brine water disposal; production of water, oil, and/or gas; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Circular Economy Contributions to Decarbonizing the US Steel Sector

The potential benefits of the circular economy (CE) for decarbonization have recently attracted much attention in the academic and grey literature. The department of energy (DOE) industrial decarbonization roadmap highlight that in addition to the four pillars (energy efficiency, electrification, low-carbon fuels, feedstocks, and energy sources, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)) identified in the roadmap, "scenarios [...] will need to be developed that incorporate materials efficiency and circular economy strategies". Moreover, the roadmap identifies hard-to-abate CO2 emissions across the five industrial subsectors included in the analysis (iron & steel, chemical, food & beverage, refining, and cement manufacturing). Thus, additional options to decarbonize the industrial sector, like the CE, could prove beneficial to address those hard-to-abate emissions. Moreover, they may be less costly, require less R&D or incentives, and be more readily adopted than other strategies such as energy efficiency and CCUS. While the Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap includes some CE strategies (e.g., the increasing market share of steel from electric arc furnaces - which incorporate steel scrap), a deeper dive into what role the CE could play in the United States (US) industrial decarbonization is needed. In this work, we present several industrial decarbonization scenarios that incorporate materials efficiency and circular economy strategies for the iron & steel subsector. The scenarios identify barriers (including technical limits and constraints), opportunities, and R&D needs.Moreover, we estimate the contribution of those scenarios to reducing the industrial sector's CO2 emissions and their potential synergies with the Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap's four pillars. Iron & steel manufacturing was responsible for 90 million tons of industrial CO2 emissions in 2020 - 7% of the industrial sector's total process- related emissions. Besides recycling - which presents technical limitations due to trace contaminants - CE strategies on the demand side could lower iron & steel manufacturing emissions (e.g., the development of lighter products or business models that encourage a more intensive use). This study reviews barriers, opportunities, and trade-offs for 5 material efficiency strategies. Many topics explored in the review call for further research.

barriers↗