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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

Magnetic Structure of Sites of Braiding in Hi-C Active Region

High‐resolution Coronal Imager (Hi‐C) observations of an active region (AR) corona, at a spatial resolution of 0.2 arcsec, have offered the first direct evidence of field lines braiding, which could deliver sufficient energy to heat the AR corona by current dissipation via magnetic reconnection, a proposal given by Parker three decades ago. The energy required to heat the corona must be transported from the photosphere along the field lines. The mechanism that drives the energy transport to the corona is not yet fully understood. To investigate simultaneous magnetic and intensity structure in and around the AR in detail, we use SDO/HMI+AIA data of + / ‐ 2 hours around the 5 minute Hi‐C flight. In the case of the QS, work done by convection/granulation on the inter‐granular feet of the coronal field lines probably translates into the heat observed in the corona. In the case of the AR, as here, there could be flux emergence, cancellation/submergence, or shear flows generating large stress and tension in coronal field loops which is released as heat in the corona. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no observational evidence available to these processes. We investigate the changes taking place in the photospheric feet of the magnetic field involved with brightenings in the Hi‐C AR corona. Using HMI 45s magnetograms of four hours we find that, out of the two Hi‐C sub‐regions where the braiding of field lines were recently detected, flux emergence takes place in one region and flux cancellation in the other. The field in these sub‐regions are highly sheared and have apparent high speed plasma flows at their feet. Therefore, shearing flows plausibly power much of the coronal and transition region heating in these areas of the AR. In addition, the presence of large flux emergence/cancellation strongly suggests that the work done by these processes on the pre‐existing field also drives much of the observed heating.

Tiwari, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Development of a Subcell Based Modeling Approach for Modeling the Architecturally Dependent Impact Response of Triaxially Braided Polymer Matrix Composites

Understanding the high velocity impact response of polymer matrix composites with complex architectures is critical to many aerospace applications, including engine fan blade containment systems where the structure must be able to completely contain fan blades in the event of a blade-out. Despite the benefits offered by these materials, the complex nature of textile composites presents a significant challenge for the prediction of deformation and damage under both quasi-static and impact loading conditions. The relatively large mesoscale repeating unit cell (in comparison to the size of structural components) causes the material to behave like a structure rather than a homogeneous material. Impact experiments conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center have shown the damage patterns to be a function of the underlying material architecture. Traditional computational techniques that involve modeling these materials using smeared homogeneous, orthotropic material properties at the macroscale result in simulated damage patterns that are a function of the structural geometry, but not the material architecture. In order to preserve heterogeneity at the highest length scale in a robust yet computationally efficient manner, and capture the architecturally dependent damage patterns, a previously-developed subcell modeling approach where the braided composite unit cell is approximated as a series of four adjacent laminated composites is utilized. This work discusses the implementation of the subcell methodology into the commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corp.). Verification and validation studies are also presented, including simulation of the tensile response of straight-sided and notched quasi-static coupons composed of a T700/PR520 triaxially braided [0deg/60deg/-60deg] composite. Based on the results of the verification and validation studies, advantages and limitations of the methodology as well as plans for future work are discussed.

finite element method↗
NASA NTRS2019

Through-Thickness Tensile Properties of Triaxial Braided Composites

The through-thickness strength of triaxial braided composites was measured using thin specimens bonded to metallic tabs. Despite providing reasonable engineering estimates of the bulk properties, some test specimen limitations were noted: For strong epoxies, significant shear and tensile stresses occur and induce failure between the first layer and bond-line; the strains over much of the exterior are ~10% lower than interior strains, which are representative of the nominal state; and failure often occurred near or along the adhesive bond line. These interference were partially overcome by adding a large radius to the gage section. Based on the finite element analysis and experimental measurements, the nominal elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio are E(sub 33) = 10.7 GPa and v(sub 31) = 0.08 for the three triaxial braided composites tested. Strengths vary from 14 to 40 MPa depending on the resin. Relative to the in-plane properties, the through thickness modulus, fracture strength, failure strain, and Poisson's ratio are 1/5th, 1/30th, 1/6th, and 1/4th. Interlaminar failure occurred with varying degrees of fiber tear out along with little damage to axial tows, resulting is a smooth undulating fracture surface. Post cure temperature excursions to 177 deg C (350 deg F) had little effect on elastic constants but reduced the strength E862 based composites severely. The strength of PR520 and 5208 based composites increased.

composite↗
NASA NTRS2017

Investigation of Carbon Fiber Architecture in Braided Composites Using X-Ray CT Inspection

During the fabrication of braided carbon fiber composite materials, process variations occur which affect the fiber architecture. Quantitative measurements of local and global fiber architecture variations are needed to determine the potential effect of process variations on mechanical properties of the cured composite. Although non-destructive inspection via X-ray CT imaging is a promising approach, difficulties in quantitative analysis of the data arise due to the similar densities of the material constituents. In an effort to gain more quantitative information about features related to fiber architecture, methods have been explored to improve the details that can be captured by X-ray CT imaging. Metal-coated fibers and thin veils are used as inserts to extract detailed information about fiber orientations and inter-ply behavior from X-ray CT images.

braided composites↗
DOE OSTI2025

Realizing string-net condensation: Fibonacci anyon braiding for universal gates and sampling chromatic polynomials

Abstract The remarkable complexity of a topologically ordered many-body quantum system is encoded in the characteristics of its anyons. Quintessential predictions emanating from this complexity employ the Fibonacci string net condensate (Fib SNC) and its anyons: sampling Fib-SNC would estimate chromatic polynomials while exchanging its anyons would implement universal quantum computation. However, physical realizations remained elusive. We introduce a scalable dynamical string net preparation (DSNP) that constructs Fib SNC and its anyons on reconfigurable graphs suitable for near-term superconducting processors. Coupling the DSNP approach with composite error-mitigation on deep circuits, we create, measure, and braids Fibonacci anyons; charge measurements show 94% accuracy, and exchanging the anyons yields the expected golden ratioϕwith 98% average accuracy. We then sample the Fib SNC to estimate chromatic polynomial atϕ + 2 for several graphs. Our results establish the proof of principle for using Fib-SNC and its anyons for fault-tolerant universal quantum computation and aim at a classically hard problem.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2025

First Principles Cable Braid Electromagnetic Penetration Model - Potential Impedance Clarification

In this report the lack of assumed connectivity between braid carriers imposes the need to use the original magnetic vector potential formulas for transfer and self impedances rather than the final simplified results in the magnetic coupling and propagation formulas. Each of the magnetic sections in the previous journal article and Sandia report are addressed with references to the appropriate formulas.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1981

On the braids and spokes in Saturn's ring system

Two of the features in the Saturnian ring system recently observed by the Voyager 1 spacecraft are (1) the braiding of the F-ring and (2) the radial spokes that rotate across the B-ring. Both of these phenomena are explained by recognizing that the grains that constitute both the F-ring and the spokes are charged to high electrostatic potentials and are sufficiently small to be strongly affected by the magnetic field of the planet. Processes for the charging of the grains are also suggested.

Hill, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Bubbles and braided jets in galaxies with compact radio nuclei

Narrow-band H-alpha CCD images showing ionized gas in organized kiloparsec-scale structures in three galaxies with low-level active nuclei are presented. The edge-on spiral NGC 3079 contains an apparent loop structure which corresponds to previously reported nonthermal radio emission along the minor axis. The optical emission probably results from interaction between the ejected plasma and the ISM in the disk and halo. The S0 galaxy NGC 3998 exhibits an S-shaped structure centered on the nucleus, with no other evidence for spiral structure. In the spiral galaxy NGC 4258, the presence of continuum-free emission-line arms which coincide with the nonthermal radio arms is confirmed. The morphology of the arms suggests the presence of two double-sided jets which braid or wrap around one another and which bifurcate on both sides. It is concluded that the optical and radio emission in NGC 3079 and in NGC 4258 are related, and it is suggested that both are powered by a plasma which flows from the active nucleus and dissipates kinetic energy in the surrounding ISM.

Ford, Holland C.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Tension and compression fatigue response of unnotched 3D braided composites

The unnotched compression and tension fatigue response of a 3-D braided composite was measured. Both gross compressive stress and tensile stress were plotted against cycles to failure to evaluate the fatigue life of these materials. Damage initiation and growth was monitored visually and by tracking compliance change during cycle loading. The intent was to establish by what means the strength of a 3-D architecture will start to degrade, at what point will it degrade beyond an acceptable level, and how this material will typically fail.

Portanova, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Advances in 3-dimensional braiding

This paper encompasses an overview of the history of 3-D braiding and an in-depth survey of the most recent, technological advances in machine design and implementation. Its purpose is to review the major efforts of university and industry research and development into the successful machining of this textile process.

Thaxton, Cirrelia↗
NASA NTRS1993

The effects of specimen width on tensile properties of triaxially braided textile composites

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the unit cell architecture on the mechanical response of textile reinforced composite materials. Specifically, the study investigated the effect of unit cell size on the tensile properties of 2D triaxially braided graphite epoxy laminates. The figures contained in this paper reflect the presentation given at the conference. They may be divided into four sections: (1) a short definition of the material system tested; (2) a statement of the problem and a review of the experimental results; (3) experimental results consist of a Moire interferometry study of the strain distribution in the material plus modulus and strength measurements; and (4) a short summary and a description of future work will close the paper.

Masters, John E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Experimental and analytical characterization of triaxially braided textile composites

There were two components, experimental and analytical, to this investigation of triaxially braided textile composite materials. The experimental portion of the study centered on measuring the materials' longitudinal and transverse tensile moduli, Poisson's ratio, and strengths. The identification of the damage mechanisms exhibited by these materials was also a prime objective of the experimental investigation. The analytical portion of the investigation utilized the Textile Composites Analysis (TECA) model to predict modulus and strength. The analytical and experimental results were compared to assess the effectiveness of the analysis. The figures contained in this paper reflect the presentation made at the conference. They may be divided into four sections: a definition of the material system tested; followed by a series of figures summarizing the experimental results (these figures contain results of a Moire interferometry study of the strain distribution in the material, examples and descriptions of the types of damage encountered in these materials, and a summary of the measured properties); a description of the TECA model follows the experimental results (this includes a series of predicted results and a comparison with measured values); and finally, a brief summary completes the paper.

Masters, John E.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Development of Stitched, Braided and Woven Composite Structures in the ACT Program and at Langley Research Center

Summary results are presented from the research conducted on woven, braided, knitted and stitched (textile) composites at the Langley Research Center and under the NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) Program in the period from 1985 to 1997. The report also includes an annotated bibliography of 270 U.S. publications on textile composites (with their abstracts). Two major research areas are discussed: (1) the general research in textile composites performed throughout the period under the direction of the Langley Research Center and (2) the development of textile composite aircraft structures by industry under the NASA ACT Program. The annotated bibliography is organized in three subsections: (1) general textiles R&D under the auspices of Langley, (2) ACT Program development of textile structural components, and (3) textiles research by individuals and organizations not associated with the ACT Program. An author index is provided for the reports and documents.

Dow, Marvin B.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Braided Carbon Fiber Rope Flow Characteristics

I am submitting the following technical subject for consideration as a thesis topic for the master degree: The reusable solid rocket motor (RSRM) nozzle internal joints are being evaluated for the incorporation of a carbon fiber rope (CFR) as a thermal barrier. The CFR is approximately 0.260 in. diameter and is composed of approximately 12,000 carbon fibers, woven in ten sheaths or layers. The CFR is manufactured by a sub-tier vendor and subsequently several of its manufacturing details are proprietary to that vendor. The CFR design intent is to prevent hot motor combustion products and slag from intruding into the joint scaling area while still approaching a vented joint design to avoid the detriments of gas jet impingement. As a member of the Heat Transfer section at Thiokol Propulsion, two main goals exist as part of this NASA funded design effort: (1) development of flow model through the CFR and (2) development of a heat transfer model through the CFR. While both models are needed and most probably interrelated, the gas flow model is being targeted as the subject matter. Essentially, the topic would be "Modeling of Gas Flow through a Braided Carbon Fiber Rope". An AIAA journal or conference paper is being considered through Thiokol/NASA as well. A sub-scale CFR flow test fixture was designed to simulate the relative levels of CFR compression. The test fixture provides the means to measure gas mass flow rate upstream of the CFR and the pressure and temperature both upstream and downstream of the CFR. The test fixture was designed to eliminate the possibility of dynamic gapping at the CFR location and provide minimal flow resistance to ambient for gases exiting the rope. The data collected in the experiment will be evaluated to define a permeability/flow resistance model. Two possibilities exist for the flow characteristics through the CFR from choked flow to strictly friction driven. A test matrix for evaluating the CFR has been compiled, which addresses both of these characteristics. The range of pressures to be tested covers a relatively low delta pressure where non-choked flow is impossible, while the high pressure shown is dictated by the RSRM joint operating pressure where choking is possible. The test matrix, was also designed for a range of rope compressions or test fixture gaps ranging from 0.025" to 0.070". These gaps are controlled by the range of RSRM full-scale hardware joint gaps that will be expected by virtue of the joint design.

Heman, J. R. C.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Ballistic Impact of Braided Composites with a Soft Projectile

Impact tests using a soft gelatin projectile were performed to identify failure modes that occur at high strain energy density during impact loading. Failure modes were identified for aluminum plates and for composites plates and half-rings made from triaxial carbon fiber braid having a 0/+/- 60deg architecture. For aluminum plates, a large hole formed as a result of crack propagation from the initiation site at the center of the plate. For composite plates, fiber tensile failure occurred in the back ply at the center of the plate. Cracks then propagated from this site along the +/-60deg fiber directions until triangular flaps opened to form a hole. For composite half-rings fabricated with 0deg fibers aligned circumferentially, fiber tensile failure also occurred in the back ply. Cracks first propagated from this site perpendicular the 0deg fibers. The cracks then turned to follow the +/-60deg fibers and 0deg fibers until rectangular flaps opened to form a hole. Damage in the composites was localized near the impact site, while cracks in the aluminum extended to the boundaries.

Roberts, Gary D.↗