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Results for “adherence”

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1980

High temperature self-lubricating coatings for air lubricated foil bearings for the automotive gas turbine engine

coating combinations were developed for compliant surface bearings and journals to be used in an automotive gas turbine engine. The coatings were able to withstand the sliding start/stops during rotor liftoff and touchdown and occasional short time, high speed rubs under representative loading of the engine. Some dozen coating variations of CdO-graphite, Cr2O3 (by sputtering) and CaF2 (plasma sprayed) were identified. The coatings were optimized and they were examined for stoichiometry, metallurgical condition, and adhesion. Sputtered Cr2O3 was most adherent when optimum parameters were used and it was applied on an annealed (soft) substrate. Metallic binders and interlayers were used to improve the ductility and the adherence.

Bhushan, B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Survey of ion plating sources

Ion plating is a plasma deposition technique where ions of the gas and the evaporant have a decisive role in the formation of a coating in terms of adherence, coherence, and morphological growth. The range of materials that can be ion plated is predominantly determined by the selection of the evaporation source. Based on the type of evaporation source, gaseous media and mode of transport, the following will be discussed: resistance, electron beam sputtering, reactive and ion beam evaporation. Ionization efficiencies and ion energies in the glow discharge determine the percentage of atoms which are ionized under typical ion plating conditions. The plating flux consists of a small number of energetic ions and a large number of energetic neutrals. The energy distribution ranges from thermal energies up to a maximum energy of the discharge. The various reaction mechanisms which contribute to the exceptionally strong adherence - formation of a graded substrate/coating interface are not fully understood, however the controlling factors are evaluated. The influence of process variables on the nucleation and growth characteristics are illustrated in terms of morphological changes which affect the mechanical and tribological properties of the coating.

Spalvins, T.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Effect of thermal aging on the tribological properties of polyimide films and polyimide-bonded graphite fluoride films

The effect of thermal aging on the weight loss, adherence, friction and wear of polyimide films and polyimide-bonded graphite fluoride films applied to 440C-HT stainless steel disks and to 304 stainless steel thin foils was studied. The films were exposed at temperatures of 315, 345, 370 or 400 C for 100 hours or more and then evaluated at temperatures of 25, 315 or 345 C in atmospheres of dry or moist air. Polyimide films were found to be brittle after thermal exposure; but polyimide-bonded graphite fluoride films possessed good adherence and gave low friction and wear results. Thus, polyimide-bonded graphite fluoride films appear to be good candidates for solid lubrication applications where long thermal soaks are prevalent.

Fusaro, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Improved adhesion of sputtered refractory carbides to metal substrates

Sputtered coatings of the refractory metal carbides are of great interest for applications where hard wear-resistant materials are desired. The usefulness of sputtered refractory carbides is often limited in practice by spalling or interfacial separation. In this work improvements in the adherence of refractory carbides on iron, nickel and titanium base alloys were obtained by using oxidation, reactive sputtering or sputtered interlayers to alter the coating-substrate interfacial region. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and argon ion etching were used to characterize the interfacial regions, and an attempt was made to correlate adherence as measured in wear tests with the chemical nature of the interface.

Wheeler, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Plasma Deposition of Amorphous Silicon

Strongly adhering films of silicon are deposited directly on such materials as Pyrex and Vycor (or equivalent materials) and aluminum by a non-equilibrium plasma jet. Amorphous silicon films are formed by decomposition of silicon tetrachloride or trichlorosilane in the plasma. Plasma-jet technique can also be used to deposit an adherent silicon film on aluminum from silane and to dope such films with phosphorus. Ability to deposit silicon films on such readily available, inexpensive substrates could eventually lead to lower cost photovoltaic cells.

Calcote, H. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Tribological properties and thermal stability of various types of polyimide films

Thermal exposure experiments at 315 and 350 C were conducted on seven different types of polyimide films to determine which was the most thermally stable and adherent. The polyimides were ranked according to the rate at which they lost weight and how well they adhere to the metallic substrate. Friction and wear experiments were conducted at 25 C (room temperature) on films bonded to 440C HT stainless steel. Friction, film wear rates, wear mechanisms, and transfer films of the seven films were investigated and compared. The polyimides were found to fall into two groups as far as friction and wear properties were concerned. Group one had lower friction but an order of magnitude higher film wear rate than did group two. The wear mechanism was predominately adhesive, but the size of the wear particles were larger for group one polyimides.

Fusaro, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Method for applying photographic resists to otherwise incompatible substrates

A method for applying photographic resists to otherwise incompatible substrates, such as a baking enamel paint surface, is described wherein the uncured enamel paint surface is coated with a non-curing lacquer which is, in turn, coated with a partially cured lacquer. The non-curing lacquer adheres to the enamel and a photo resist material satisfactorily adheres to the partially cured lacquer. Once normal photo etching techniques are employed the lacquer coats can be easily removed from the enamel leaving the photo etched image. In the case of edge lighted instrument panels, a coat of uncured enamel is placed over the cured enamel followed by the lacquer coats and the photo resists which is exposed and developed. Once the etched uncured enamel is cured, the lacquer coats are removed leaving an etched panel.

Fuhr, W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Structural and compositional characterization of RF sputter-deposited Ni-Cr + Cr2O3 films

An RF-sputtered chrome oxide coating with metallic binders was developed. The chrome oxide coating has high-temperature capabilities and is wear resistant, and has some self-lubricating properties. A nichrome metallic binder was added in the coating to improve its ductility without significant loss in the hardness. The sputtering parameters were optimized to obtain a smooth coating with the maximum adherence. The coatings were applied using bias-sputter and sputter-deposit modes on the heat treated and annealed foil substrates. The coating applied on annealed foils using the sputter-deposit mode was smooth and had the best adherence. Metallurgical examinations showed that the coating was Ni-Cr + Cr2O3. The coating as applied was amorphous and it crystallized during substrate heat treatment.

Bhushan, B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Ion beam deposited protective films

Sputter deposition of adherent thin films on complex geometric surfaces by ion beam sources is examined in order to evaluate three different types of protective coatings for die materials. In the first experiment, a 30 cm diameter argon ion source was used to sputter deposit adherent metallic films up to eight microns thick on H-13 steel, and a thermal fatigue test specimen sputter deposited with metallic coatings one micron thick was immersed in liquid aluminum and cooled by water for 15,000 cycles to simulate operational environments. Results show that these materials do protect the steel by reducing thermal fatigue and thereby increasing die lifetime. The second experiment generated diamond-like carbon films using a dual beam ion source system that directed an eight cm argon ion source beam at the substrates. These films are still in the process of being evaluated for crystallinity, hardness and infrared absorption. The third experiment coated a fiber glass beam shield incorporated in the eight-cm diameter mercury ion thruster with molybdenum to ensure proper electrical and thermal properties. The coating maintained its integrity even under acceleration tests.

Mirtich, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Tribological properties and thermal stability of various types of polyimide films

Thermal exposure experiments at 315 and 350 C were conducted on seven different types of polyimide films to determine which was the most thermally stable and adherent. The polyimides were ranked according to the rate of which they lost weight and how well they adhered to the metallic substrate. Friction and wear experiments were conducted at 25 C (room temperature) on films bonded to 440C HT stainless steel. Friction, film wear rates, wear mechanisms, and transfer films of the seven films were investigated and compared. The polyimides were found to fall into two groups as far as friction and wear properties were concerned. Group I had lower friction but an order of magnitude higher film wear rate than did group II. The wear mechanism was predominately adhesive, but the size of the wear particles was larger for group I polyimides.

Fusaro, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Thermal barrier coating system having improved adhesion

The adherence between a ceramic thermal barrier coating and a metal bond coating is improved by ion sputtering a ceramic film on the bond cost. A ceramic thermal barrier coating is then plasma-sprayed onto this primer film. This improves the integrity and strength of the interface between the plasma-sprayed ceramic layer and metallic bond coat which insures stronger adherence between the metal and the ceramic.

Bill, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Structure of transient oxides formed on NiCrAl alloys

It is one of the three objectives of the present study to document the fine internal structure of the transient scales in order to clarify the development of the stable alpha-Al2O3 from a structural point of view. Another objective is concerned with the origin of features found in the mature alpha-Al2O3 scales, such as voids, taking into account an examination in the early stages of oxidation. The third objective is to relate any difference in scale structure caused by oxide adherence additives (Y or Zr) to the current oxide adherence theories. The primary effect of short-time oxidation on the NiCrAl substrate structure is found to be production of dislocations and aluminum-depleted phases. The random alpha-Al2O3 scale is the primary oxide phase observed in contact with the metal.

Smialek, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Diamondlike carbon protective coatings for IR materials

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films have the potential to protect optical windows in applications where it is important to maintain the integrity of the specular transmittance of these films on ZnS and ZnSe infrared transmitting windows. The films must be adherent and durable such that they protect the windows from rain and particle erosion as well as chemical attack. In order to optimize the performance of these films, 0.1 micro m thick diamondlike carbon films were deposited on fused silica and silicon wafers, using three different methods of ion beam deposition. One method was sputter deposition from a carbon target using an 8 cm ion source. The merits of hydrogen addition were experimentally evaluated in conjunction with this method. The second method used a 30 cm hollow cathode ion source with hydrocarbon/Argon gases to deposit diamondlike carbon films from the primary beam at 90 to 250 eV. The third method used a dual beam system employing a hydrocarbon/Argon 30 cm ion source and an 8 cm ion source. Films were evaluated for adherence, intrinsic stress, infrared transmittance between 2.5 and 50 micro m, and protection from particle erosion. An erosion test using a sandblaster was used to give quantitative values of the protection afforded to the fused silica by the diamondlike carbon films. The fused silica surfaces protected by diamondlike carbon films were exposed to 100 micro m diameter SiO particles at 60 mi/hr (26.8/sec) in the sandblaster.

Mirtich, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Ion plated gold films: Properties, tribological behavior and performance

The glow discharge energizing favorably modifies and controls the coating/substrate adherence and the nucleation and growth sequence of ion plated gold films. As a result the adherence, coherence, internal stresses, and morphology of the films are significantly improved. Gold ion plated films because of their graded coating/substrate interface and fine uniform densely packed microstructure not only improve the tribological properties but also induce a surface strengthening effect which improves the mechanical properties such as yield, tensile, and fatigue strength. Consequently significant improvements in the tribological performance of ion plated gold films as compared to vapor deposited gold films are shown in terms of decreased friction/wear and prolonged endurance life.

Spalvins, Talivaldis↗
NASA NTRS1987

Mechanical strength and tribological behavior of ion-beam deposited boron nitride films on non-metallic substrates

An investigation was conducted to examine the mechanical strength and tribological properties of boron nitride (BN) films ion-beam deposited on silicon (Si), fused silica (SiO2), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and indium phosphide (InP) substrates in sliding contact with a diamond pin under a load. The results of the investigation indicate that BN films on nonmetallic substrates, like metal films on metallic substrates, deform elastically and plastically in the interfacial region when in contact with a diamond pin. However, unlike metal films and substrates, BN films on nonmetallic substrates can fracture when they are critically loaded. Not only does the yield pressure (hardness) of Si and SiO2 substrates increase by a factor of 2 in the presence of a BN film, but the critical load needed to fracture increases as well. The presence of films on the brittle substrates can arrest crack formation. The BN film reduces adhesion and friction in the sliding contact. BN adheres to Si and SiO2 and forms a good quality film, while it adheres poorly to GaAs and InP. The interfacial adhesive strengths were 1 GPa for a BN film on Si and appreciably higher than 1 GPa for a BN film on SiO2.

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Draco cloud as a matrix of potential protostars

The Draco molecular cloud is inbound at a z distance of a few hundred parsecs, according to previous observations. IRAS Point Source Catalog data for a 36 sq deg area that includes most of the cloud and a comparison area around it are tabulated, illustrated, and discussed. The sources are classified as 56 unidentified, 38 identified extragalactic objects, and 44 identified stars. The unidentified and unresolved 100 micron sources appear to be globule-like clumps that are candidates for producing protostars, although the data cannot demonstrate currently accreting protostars in the globules. An undetermined percent of 100 micron sources may be artifactual, but only a small percent of them may be galaxies because of the adherence to the Draco cloud. Sources detected also at 60 micron or only at 60 micron do not adhere to the cloud and are probably galaxies. Unless artifactual the unidentified and unresolved 100 micron sources may provide considerable new information about the cloud components and therefore about potential star formation in a new class of sites and origins. Six unidentified sources have 12-25 micron stellar spectral distributions, but neither they nor the identified stars have 12-25 micron spectra characteristic of T Tauri stars.

Johnson, Hugh M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The effect of sulfur and zirconium Co-doping on the oxidation of NiCrAl

The adhesion behavior of Al2O3 scales formed on NiCrAl+Zr alloys was examined as a function of both sulfur and zirconium doping levels. In general, very high levels of zirconium were required to counteract the detrimental effects of sulfur. A sulfur-zirconium adherence map was constructed, as determined from the oxidation and spalling behavior in 1100 C cyclic tests. For low sulfur alloys, the amount of zirconium required for adherence at any given sulfur level can be described by Zr greater than 600 S sup 0.2 (in ppma). These results underscore the importance of sulfur to adhesion mechanisms and suggests that sulfur gettering is a first order effect of reactive element additions to MCrAl alloys.

Smialek, James L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Reducing adhesion and agglomeration within a cloud of combustible particles

The study of combustible particle clouds inside flame tubes is of fundamental scientific interest as well as a practical concern. Only the suspended concentration is important to the combustion process, so that assurances must be provided that a minimum of particles adheres to the tube wall. This paper demonstrates experimentally the ability to minimize adhesion and agglomeration of acoustically-mixed lycopodium particles within a 5-cm diameter lexan flame tube. The area density of particles (ADP) adhering to the wall of bare lexan tubes was measured at greater than 100 particles/sq mm. The nature of adhesion was found to be clearly electrostatic, with the ADP level aggravated by increased mixing time, vigor, and the concentration of particles. Increases in the conductivity of the air and the tube wall did not affect ADP levels substantially. However, the observed adhesion was reduced to less than 10 p/sq mm when the air was ionized by use of an alpha emitter mounted on the inner walls of the flame tube.

Ross, Howard D.↗