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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2023

Adaptive cache management based on programming model information

A processing system selectively allocates space to store a group of one or more cache lines at a cache level of a cache hierarchy having a plurality of cache levels based on memory access patterns of a software application executing at the processing system. The processing system generates bit vectors indicating which cache levels are to allocate space to store groups of one or more cache lines based on the memory access patterns, which are derived from data granularity and movement information. Based on the bit vectors, the processing system provides hints to the cache hierarchy indicating the lowest cache level that can exploit the reuse potential for a particular data.

Na, Weon Taek↗

DOE OSTI2025

Effective field theory for radiative corrections to charged-current processes. II. Axial-vector coupling

Here we discuss the hadronic structure-dependent radiative corrections to the axial-vector coupling that controls single-nucleon weak charged-current processes—commonly denoted by 𝑔 𝐴 . We match the Standard Model at the GeV scale onto chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order in the one-nucleon sector, in the presence of electromagnetic and weak interactions. As a result, we provide a representation for the corrections to 𝑔 𝐴 in terms of infrared finite convolutions of simple kernels with the single-nucleon matrix elements of time-ordered products of two and three quark bilinears (vector, axial-vector, and pseudoscalar). We discuss strategies to determine the required nonperturbative input from data, lattice-QCD (+QED), and possibly hadronic models. This work paves the way for a precise comparison of the values of the ratio 𝑔 𝐴 ⁡/𝑔 𝑉 extracted from experiment and from lattice QCD, which constrain physics beyond the Standard Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1983

User alternatives in post-processing for raster-to-vector conversion

A number of Landsat-based coniferous forest stratum maps have been created of the Eldorado National Forest in California. These maps were produced in raster image format which is not directly usable by the U.S. Forest Service's vector-based Wildland Resource Information System (WRIS). As a solution, raster-to-vector conversion software has been developed for processing classified images into polygonal data structures. Before conversion, however, the digital classification images must be simplified to remove high spatial variance ('noise', 'speckle') and meet a USFS ten acre minimum requirement. A post-processing (simplification) strategy different from those commonly used in raster image processing may be desired for preparing maps for conversion to vector format, because simplification routines typically permit diagonal connections in the process of reclassifying pixels and forming new polygons. Diagonal connections are often undesirable when converting to vector format because they permit polygons to effectively cross over each other and occupy a common location. Three alternative methodologies are discussed for simplifying raster data for conversion to vector format.

Logan, T. L.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Modelling and computational improvements to the simulation of single vector-boson plus jet processes for the ATLAS experiment

This paper presents updated Monte Carlo configurations used to model the production of single electroweak vector bosons (W, Z/γ$^{∗}$) in association with jets in proton-proton collisions for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Improvements pertaining to the electroweak input scheme, parton-shower splitting kernels and scale-setting scheme are shown for multi-jet merged configurations accurate to next-to-leading order in the strong and electroweak couplings. The computational resources required for these set-ups are assessed, and approximations are introduced resulting in a factor three reduction of the per-event CPU time without affecting the physics modelling performance. Continuous statistical enhancement techniques are introduced by ATLAS in order to populate low cross-section regions of phase space and are shown to match or exceed the generated effective luminosity. This, together with the lower per-event CPU time, results in a 50% reduction in the required computing resources compared to a legacy set-up previously used by the ATLAS collaboration. The set-ups described in this paper will be used for future ATLAS analyses and lay the foundation for the next generation of Monte Carlo predictions for single vector-boson plus jets production.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1978

A single user efficiency measure for evaluation of parallel or pipeline computer architectures

A precise statement of the relationship between sequential computation at one rate, parallel or pipeline computation at a much higher rate, the data movement rate between levels of memory, the fraction of inherently sequential operations or data that must be processed sequentially, the fraction of data to be moved that cannot be overlapped with computation, and the relative computational complexity of the algorithms for the two processes, scalar and vector, was developed. The relationship should be applied to the multirate processes that obtain in the employment of various new or proposed computer architectures for computational aerodynamics. The relationship, an efficiency measure that the single user of the computer system perceives, argues strongly in favor of separating scalar and vector processes, sometimes referred to as loosely coupled processes, to achieve optimum use of hardware.

Jones, W. P.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Optical computing and image processing using photorefractive gallium arsenide

Recent experimental results on matrix-vector multiplication and multiple four-wave mixing using GaAs are presented. Attention is given to a simple concept of using two overlapping holograms in GaAs to do two matrix-vector multiplication processes operating in parallel with a common input vector. This concept can be used to construct high-speed, high-capacity, reconfigurable interconnection and multiplexing modules, important for optical computing and neural-network applications.

Cheng, Li-Jen↗

NASA NTRS1966

Maximum A posteriori interval estimation

Maximum a posteriori estimate of random process state vector in interval

RANDOM PROCESS↗

DOE OSTI2023

An implicit barotropic mode solver for MPAS-ocean using a modern Fortran solver interface

Here, we demonstrate use of a modern Fortran solver interface to manage solver algorithms for an implicit barotropic mode solver in the Model for Predictions Across Scales-Ocean (MPAS-O). ForTrilinos, a Fortran interface to Trilinos that contains a large collection of solver capabilities written in C++, has been implemented in MPAS-O to provide access to a suite of linear solver options. By virtue of the simplified wrapper and interface generator (SWIG) automation tool that generates modern Fortran interfaces to C++ code, we were able to implement the Fortran solver interface in MPAS-O using a familiar Fortran coding style while minimizing performance degradation. The ForTrilinos solver interface is written within MPAS-O’s time stepping modules as a subroutine in conjunction with MPAS-O code. Applied to an idealized ocean and a high-resolution realistic ocean test case, parallel performance of ForTrilinos solvers is examined. It is found that parallel scalability of the ForTrilinos solvers is highly dependent on the number of global synchronization points per solver iteration in each iterative solver algorithm. ForTrilinos solvers perform best compared to the Fortran hand-crafted (FHC) solver when the amount of work per processor is large enough. However, parallel scalability is better with the FHC solver and so when the work per core is modest FHC outperforms ForTrilinos. The intercomparison between the ForTrilinos and FHC solvers reveals that this performance hit in the ForTrilinos solver mostly comes from the global synchronization process, while suggesting that the matrix-vector multiplication process in the FHC solver needs to be optimized for better performance.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Lattice Boltzmann Scheme for Polarized Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres

Quantitative calculation of reflected polarized light from planets is of great significance to interpret the polarimetric observations of planetary atmospheres. In this work, we propose a lattice Boltzmann (LB) scheme for polarized radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres. The LB scheme obtains the Stokes vector through the vector LB equation performing simple collision and streaming processes. The vector radiative transfer equation is rigorously derived from the vector LB equation via the Maxwell iteration technique. Polarized radiative transfer of a single point on the planetary surface with Rayleigh and Mie scattering atmospheres are first accurately solved by our LB scheme. Afterward, we systematically investigate the disk-integrated polarization of finite and semi-infinite, conservative and nonconservative Rayleigh scattering planetary atmospheres. The disk-integrated phase curves of the Stokes parameters and degree of polarization and spherical and geometric albedos are produced, which are in good agreement with the benchmark results for different cases. The numerical results indicate that our LB scheme is efficient and accurate for polarized radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres. Our LB scheme is expected to provide a competitive numerical tool to interpret the polarimetric observations of planetary atmospheres.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

NASA NTRS1993

Massively Parallel Neurocomputing for Aerospace Applications

An innovative hybrid, analog-digital charge-domain technology, for the massively parallel VLSI implementation of certain large scale matrix-vector operations, has recently been introduced. It employs arrays of Charge Coupled/Charge Injection Device cells holding an analog matrix of charge, which process digital vectors in parallel by means of binary, non-destructive charge transfer operations. The impact of this technology on massively parallel processing is discussed.

massively↗

NASA NTRS1987

Concurrent and vectorized mixed time, explicit nonlinear structural dynamics algorithms

A nonlinear structural dynamics program with an element library that exploits parallel processing is described. The aim is to exploit scheduling-allocation so that parallel processing and vectorization can effectively be treated in a general purpose program with explicit time integration and different time steps in different parts of the mesh. The program uses an element group scheme, which, as a by-product, also provides an automatic scheme for assigning different time steps to different parts of the mesh. The program has been tested on the Alliant FX/8; it shows a fivefold improvement in speed over compiler optimization.

Belytschko, Ted↗

NASA NTRS1972

Receiver processing for direct-detection optical communication systems.

A model that is sufficiently general to describe the predominant statistical characteristics of the output of many real optical detectors is formulated. This model is used to study the optimum receiver processing for direct-detection optical communication systems. In particular, the structures of detectors and estimators for filtered doubly stochastic Poisson processes (DSPP) observed in additive white Gaussian noise are considered. Representations for the posterior statistics of a vector Markov process that modulates the intensity of the DSPP are obtained.

Hoversten, E. V.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Massively parallel neurocomputing for aerospace applications

Fijany, Amir↗

NASA NTRS1963

Maximum likelihood estimation in finite stationary ergodic markaov chains

Maximum likelihood estimation of vector parameter in finite stationary ergodic markov chains

MARKOV CHAIN↗

DOE OSTI2023

Attention-Augmented Parametric Kernel Graph Neural Network (APKGNN) for Node Classification

We present a new graph neural network, the Attention-based Parametric-Kernel augmented Graph Neural Network (APKGNN), developed for node classification tasks. Despite extensive work on modeling multi-faceted relationships between connected nodes of a graph, the effect of attention on edge features mapped to relationships has not yet been analyzed through learning representation. This study derives such an attention vector by first calculating node features corresponding to endpoints of an edge and then aggregating these with extracted local intrinsic patches of a given graph to generate augmented local patch vectors. This process uses a parametric kernel based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to embed local neighborhoods of the graph in local patches. The patch vectors then convolve with the above node features to produce an updated node representation. We show that this new learning representation (APKGNN) achieves higher node classification accuracy on tasks - both standard benchmarks (Cora, PubMed, Citeseer) and new experimental short text corpora where nodes correspond to text documents and words. This implementation of the GNN convolution layer outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms, achieving higher training, validation, and test accuracy by a significant margin on three standard benchmark data sets under both SOTA experimental settings and those for new testbeds.

Bose, Avishek↗

NASA NTRS1990

Processing Laser-Velocimetric Data By Vector Scanning

Velocity plots obtained in minutes instead of hours. Velocity scanning technique for processing flow-field data from pulsed-laser-velocimetry images into two-dimensional velocity-vector maps. Requires no special equipment other than charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera, circuitry to digitize output of camera, and computer. Once image data digitized, all processing done in computer.

Wernet, Mark P.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Bayesian recursive image estimation.

The enhancement of images that are characterized only by statistical data where the picture contains additive noise is considered. The random process representing the output of the scanner is characterized by the output of a dynamic system with white noise input. The dynamic system describes a first-order vector-Markov process. The procedure of Kalman filtering is then utilized to recursively determine the minimum mean-square error estimate of the image. The result is then extended to obtain the smoothing of the data.

Nahi, N. E.↗

DOE OSTI2019

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A VECTOR SENSOR ARRAY IN AN ENERGETIC TIDAL CHANNEL

A compact three-dimensional vector sensor array (termed the NoiseSpotter) was recently developed with the goal of characterizing and localizing sources of sound in energetic environments such as those where marine renewable energy devices are likely to be located. The three vector sensors on the NoiseSpotter are mounted on a bottom platform with each sensor suspended inside an optional flow noise removal shield. The multiple pressure and particle velocity channels on the NoiseSpotter are simultaneously sampled and stored on-board to enable coherent array processing of vector sensor array data. A series of field trials were conducted where the NoiseSpotter was deployed on a bottom platform in an 8 m deep tidal channel in Sequim Bay, Washington. Pure tones were transmitted from a drifting vessel whose distance from the bottom platform varied between 50 m and 500 m. The effect of flow noise on vector sensor array performance is quantified along with the detectability of low intensity sound in an energetic environment. Flow noise removal efficiency for each channel of every vector sensor is demonstrated using multiple metrics derived from the active and reactive intensities computed using the pressure-velocity cross-spectral density matrix. A flow noise removal shield is shown to improve the detectability of low intensity sound such as those that are expected to be emitted by marine renewable energy devices.

Raghukumar, Kaustubha↗