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Results for “VISCOUS FLUID”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Formation of Bright Terrain Bands on Ganymede by Unstable Lithosphere Extension

The surface of Ganymede, as seen in Voyager images, was greatly modified by tectonic activity. Geologic evidence is consistent with the formation of younger bright terrain by the emplacement of icy material into rift zones formed in the older dark terrain. To better understand the formation of both terrestrial rift zones and bright terrain bands on Ganymede, the mechanics of rift initiation by the growth of necking instabilities in an extending lithosphere are studied. In particular, how an initial, small perturbation in lithosphere thickness at the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary is amplified by uniform horizontal extension is studied. The lithosphere is treated as a layer of power-law viscous fluid of thickness H overlying a weaker, viscous mantle substrate. In order to assess the relative importance of buoyant upwelling and mechanical instability in rift formation, both density and strength stratification were incorporated into the model.

Zuber, M. T.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Numerical investigation of multiphase flow through self-affine rough fractures

Multiphase flow through fractures has great significance in subsurface energy recovery and gas storage applications. Different fracture and flow properties affect flow through a fracture which is difficult to control in laboratory experiments. Here, we perform lattice Boltzmann simulations in an ensemble of synthetically generated fractures. Drainage simulations are performed at different capillary numbers, wettability, and viscosity ratios. We track the invading front and quantify breakthrough saturations and show that roughness and wettability have a strong effect on fluid invasion through a complex fracture. Invading a more viscous fluid results in more stable displacement regardless of the capillary number while at very low capillary numbers, fluid migration is dependent on the inherent structure of the fracture. We develop a fluid displacement phase diagram in a single rough fracture and compare our results from that in the literature. Finally, we extend the phase diagrams across multiple fractures and demonstrate the importance of natural fracture features of roughness and wettability in identifying stable versus unstable displacement regimes during multiphase flow through rough fractures. Our work presents an end-to-end numerical pathway for testing on experimental data and expanding numerical data sets for testing combinations of different physical phenomenon and make valuable predictions on fluid flow through rough fractures.

02 PETROLEUM↗
NASA NTRS1985

Bearing Tester Data Compilation Analysis, and Reporting and Bearing Math Modeling

The magnitude and direction of fluid induced torques and forces on the 57 mm bearing cage is considered to be a contributing factor in possible cage instabilities that can produce intermittent high heating in the bearing. Analyses of the fluid forces and torques are presented. Heat generated by viscous fluid work was estimated for two flow diverter configurations and a coolant flow of 10 lbs/sec to support the thermal evaluation of the LOX Bearing Materials Tester. Results of the analysis of the LOX turbopump turbine end bearings are discussed. Coolant velocities for the no. 4 LOX turbopump turbine end bearings were estimated as a function of shaft speed and coolant flow rate. Contact angles and track width data were developed for the 57 mm bearing as functions of shaft speed, and axial and radial loads. The Advanced Dynamics of Rolling Elements (ADORE) computer program was installed on the MSFC UNIVAC 1100 and a test case successfully run. Both the text output and the plotting output were verified. The Bearing Seal and Materials Tester - Test Condition Data Base was developed. The parametric analysis of the operating characteristics of the LOX turbopump pump end bearing using the 45 mm bearing thermal model was begun.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1988

The strong nonlinear interaction of Tollmien-Schlichting waves and Taylor-Goertler vortices in curved channel flow

Viscous fluid flows with curved streamlines can support both centrifugal and viscous traveling wave instabilities. Here the interaction of these instabilities in the context of the fully developed flow in a curved channel is discussed. The viscous (Tollmein-Schlichting) instability is described asymptotically at high Reynolds numbers and it is found that it can induce a Taylor-Goertler flow even at extremely small amplitudes. In this interaction, the Tollmein-Schlichting wave can drive a vortex state with wavelength either comparable with the channel width or the wavelength of lower branch viscous modes. The nonlinear equations which describe these interactions are solved for nonlinear equilibrium states.

Bennett, J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Transport of absolute angular momentum in quasi-axisymmetric equatorial jet streams

It is well known that prograde equatorial jet stresses cannot occur in an axisymmetric inviscid fluid, owing to the constraints of local angular momentum conservation. For a viscous fluid, the constraints of mass conservation prevent the formation of any local maximum of absolute angular momentum (m) without a means of transferring m against its gradient (delta m) in the meridional plane. The circumstances under which m can be diffused up-gradient by normal molecular viscosity are derived, and illustrated with reference to numerical simulations of axisymmetric flows in a cylindrical annulus. Viscosity is shown to act so as to tend to expel m from the interior outwards from the rotation axis. Such an effect can produce local super-rotation even in a mechanically isolated fluid. The tendency of viscosity to result in the expulsion of m is shown to be analogous in certain respects to a vorticity-mixing hypothesis for the effects of non-axisymmetric eddies of the zonally-averaged flow. It is shown how the advective and diffusive transport of m by non-axisymmetric eddies can be represented by the Transformed Eulerian Mean meridional circulation and the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux of Andrews and McIntyre respectively, in the zonal mean. Constraints on the form and direction of the EP flux in an advective/diffusive flow for such eddies are derived, by analogy with similar constraints on the diffusive flux of m due to viscosity.

Read, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1950

An Analysis of Base Pressure at Supersonic Velocities and Comparison with Experiment

In the first part of the investigation an analysis is made of the base pressure in an inviscid fluid, both for two-dimensional and axially-symmetric flow. It is shown that for two-dimensional flow, and also for the flow over a body of revolution with a cylindrical sting attached to the base, there are an infinite number of possible solutions satisfying all necessary boundary conditions at any given free-stream Mach number. For the particular case of a body having no sting attached only one solution is possible in an inviscid flow, but it corresponds to zero base drag. Accordingly, it is concluded that a strictly inviscid-fluid theory cannot be satisfactory for practical applications. Since the exact inviscid-fluid does not adequately describe the conditions of a real fluid flow, an approximate semi-empirical theory for base pressure in a viscous fluid is developed in a second part of the investigation. The semi-empirical theory is based partly on inviscid-flow calculations, and is restricted to airfoils and bodies without boattailing. In this theory an attempt is made to allow for the effects of Mach number, Reynolds number, profile shape, and type of boundary-layer flow. The results of some recent experimental measurements of base pressure in two-dimensional and axially-symmetric flow are presented for purposes of comparison. Some experimental results also are presented concerning the support interference effect of a cylindrical sting, and the interference effect of a reflected bow wave on measurements of base pressure in a supersonic wind tunnel.

Chapman, Dean R↗
NASA NTRS2000

Application of Nonstandard Analysis to the Study of the Shock Structure in a Viscous Heat Conducting Fluid

The study of the shock structure in a viscous heat conducting fluid is an old problem. We study this problem from a novel mathematical point of view. A new class of generalized functions is defined where multiplication of any two functions is allowed with the usual properties. A Heaviside function in this class has the unit jump at occurring on an infinitesimal interval of the nonstandard analysis (NSA) in the halo of . This jump has a smooth microstructure over the infinitesimal interval . From this point of view, we have a new class of Heaviside functions, and their derivatives the Dirac delta functions, which are equivalent when viewed as continuous linear functionals over the test function space of Schwartz. However, they differ in their microstructures which in applications are determined from physics of the problem as shown in our presentation.

F. Farassat↗
NASA NTRS1922

New Data on the Laws of Fluid Resistance

Thus far, all attempts at the quantitative determination of drag, on the basis of the theory of viscous fluids, have met with but slight success. For this reason, whenever a more accurate knowledge of the drag is desirable, it must be determined by experiment. Here, a few experimental results are given on the drag of a cylinder exposed to a stream of air at right angles to its axis. It is shown that the drag depends on the absolute dimensions of the body and the velocity and viscosity of the fluid in a much more complex manner than has heretofore been supposed.

Wieselsberger, C↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Dynamics of Miscible Fluids: A Space Flight Experiment (MIDAS)

We propose a space flight experiment to study the dynamics of miscible interfaces. A less viscous fluid displaces one of higher viscosity within a tube. The two fluids are miscible in all proportions. An intruding "finger" forms that occupies a fraction of the tube. As time progresses diffusion at the interface combined with flow induced straining between the two fluids modifies the concentration and velocity distributions within the whole tube. Also, under such circumstances it has been proposed that the interfacial stresses could depend on the local concentration gradients (Korteweg stresses) and that the divergence of the velocity need not be zero, even though the flow is incompressible. We have obtained reasonable agreement for the tip velocity between numerical simulations (that ignored the Korteweg stress and divergence effects) and physical experiments only at high Peclet Numbers. However at moderate to low Pe agreement was poor. As one possibility we attributed this lack of agreement to the disregard of these effects. We propose a space experiment to measure the finger shape, tip velocity, and the velocity and concentration fields. From intercomparisons between the experiment and the calculations we can then extract values for the coefficients of the Korteweg stress terms and confirm or deny the importance of these stresses.

Maxworthy, T.↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Dynamics of Miscible Fluids: A Space Flight Experiment (MIDAS)

We propose a space flight experiment to study the dynamics of miscible interfaces. A less viscous fluid displaces one of higher viscosity within a tube. The two fluids are miscible in all proportions. An intruding "finger" forms that occupies a fraction of the tube. As time progresses diffusion at the interface combined with flow induced straining between the two fluids modifies the concentration and velocity distributions within the whole tube. Also, under such circumstances it has been proposed that the interfacial stresses could depend on the local concentration gradients (Korteweg stresses) and that the divergence of the velocity need not be zero, even though the flow is incompressible. We have obtained reasonable agreement for the tip velocity between numerical simulations (that ignored the Korteweg stress and divergence effects) and physical experiments only at high Peelet Numbers. However at moderate to low Pe agreement was poor. As one possibility we attributed this lack of agreement to the disregard of these effects. We propose a space experiment to measure the finger shape, tip velocity, and the velocity and concentration fields. From intercomparisons between the experiment and the calculations we can then extract values for the coefficients of the Korteweg stress terms and confirm or deny the importance of these stresses.

Maxworthy, T.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Three-dimensional convection of an infinite-Prandtl-number compressible fluid in a basally heated spherical shell

A numerical investigation is conducted of the effect of compressibility on 3D thermal convection in a basally heated highly viscous fluid spherical shell (representing the earth's mantle). It was found that compressibility has little effect on the spatial structure of steady convection when the superadiabatic temperature drop across the shell, Delta T(sa), is comparable to a characteristic adiabatic temperature. When the Delta T(sa) is about an order of magnitude smaller than the adiabatic temperature, compressibility effect is significant. It is shown that compressibility affects the pattern evolution of the irregular solutions; fewer upwelling plumes are produced with increasing compressibility.

Bercovici, David↗
NASA NTRS1992

Continuation of tailored composite structures of ordered staple thermoplastic material

The search for the cost effective composite structure has motivated the investigation of several approaches to develop composite structure from innovative material forms. Among the promising approaches is the conversion of a planar sheet to components of complex curvature through sheet forming or stretch forming. In both cases, the potential for material stretch in the fiber direction appears to offer a clear advantage in formability over continuous fiber systems. A framework was established which allows the simulation of the anisotropic mechanisms of deformation of long discontinuous fiber laminates wherein the matrix phase is a viscous fluid. Predictions for the effective viscosities of a hyper-anisotropic medium consisting of collimated, discontinuous fibers suspended in viscous matrix were extended to capture the characteristics of typical polymers including non-Newtonian behavior and temperature dependence. In addition, the influence of fiber misorientation was also modeled by compliance averaging to determine ensemble properties for a given orientation distribution. A design tool is presented for predicting the effect of material heterogeneity on the performance of curved composite beams such as those used in aircraft fuselage structures. Material heterogeneity can be induced during manufacturing processes such as sheet forming and stretch forming of thermoplastic composites. This heterogeneity can be introduced in the form of fiber realignment and spreading during the manufacturing process causing radial and tangential gradients in material properties. Two analysis procedures are used to solve the beam problems. The first method uses separate two-dimensional elasticity solutions for the stresses in the flange and web sections of the beam. The separate solutions are coupled by requiring that forces and displacements match section boundaries. The second method uses an approximate Rayleigh-Ritz technique to find the solutions for more complex beams. Analyses are performed for curved beams of various cross-sections loaded in pure bending and with a uniform distributed load. Preliminary results show that the geometry of the beam dictates the effect of heterogeneity on performance. The role of heterogeneity is larger in beams with a small average radius-to-depth ration, R/t, where R is the average radius of the beam and t is the difference between the inside and outside radii. Results of the anlysis are in the form of stresses and displacements and are compared to both mechanics of materials and numerical solutions obtained using finite element analysis.

Santare, Michael H.↗
NASA NTRS1951

An Analysis of Base Pressure at Supersonic Velocities and Comparison with Experiment

In the first part of the investigation an analysis is made of base pressure in an inviscid fluid, both for two-dimensional and axially symmetric flow. It is shown that for two-dimensional flow, and also for the flow over a body of revolution with a cylindrical sting attached to the base, there are an infinite number of possible solutions satisfying all necessary boundary conditions at any given free-stream Mach number. For the particular case of a body having no sting attached only one solution is possible in an inviscid flow, but it corresponds to zero base drag. Accordingly, it is concluded that a strictly inviscid-fluid theory cannot be satisfactory for practical applications. An approximate semi-empirical analysis for base pressure in a viscous fluid is developed in a second part of the investigation. The semi-empirical analysis is based partly on inviscid-flow calculations.

Chapman, Dean R↗