Evaluation of Semi-Analytical Algorithms to Retrieve Particulate and Dissolved Absorption Coefficients in Gulf of California Optically Complex Waters
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Stella Patricia Betancur-Turizo↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Stability analysis of monotone feedback shift registers
Derivation of general stability test for monotone feedback shift registers by using Boolean matrices
MATRIX↗
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on magnetic transitions in terbium and dysprosium.
Magnetic transitions in terbium and dysprosium as affected by hydrostatic pressure at various high pressures and low temperatures
DYSPROSIUM↗
Wave interactions in saturable absorbers.
Wave interaction in saturable absorbers, noting hole burning in dye switched ruby lasers
RUBY LASERS↗
Solar wind for a magnetized plasma with tensor plasma pressure.
A solar wind model for a magnetized solar wind is presented using one-fluid hydromagnetic equations with generalized polytrope equations of state for the two tensor components of the plasma pressure. Fluid and magnetic field variables are calculated at the Earth using certain boundary conditions at the Sun. The azimuthal velocity agrees with observed values and explains the considerable loss of angular momentum from the Sun by the solar wind. The results are good for most variables but suggest that a two-fluid model with electrons at higher temperatures and smaller temperature anisotropy ratios than the ions would give improved agreement for some quantities.
Tan, M.↗
Evaluation of 165 deg F reverse osmosis modules for washwater purification.
Three membrane systems have been evaluated for concentration at 165 F of wash-water contaminants. Membranes tested are polybenzimidazole (hollow fibers), cellulose acetate blend (spiral wound), and sulfonated polyphenylene oxide (plate-and-frame). Detailed membrane flux and rejection data are presented for 200-hr life tests with synthetic wash water, at two concentrations, and real wash water, at one concentration. Advantages and limitations of the membrane configurations, are discussed.
Hossain, S.↗
Water vapor diffusion membrane development
The phase separator component used as a membrane in the vapor diffusion process (VRD) for the recovery of potable water from urine on manned space missions of extended duration was investigated, with particular emphasis on cation-selective membranes because of their noted mechanical strength, superior resistance to acids, oxidants, and germicides, and their potential resistance to organic foulants. Two of the membranes were tested for 700 hours continuously, and were selected on the basis of criteria deemed important to an effective water reclamation system onboard spacecraft. The samples of urine were successfully processed by removing 93 percent of their water content in 70 hours using the selected membranes. Pretreatment with an acid-oxidant formulation improved product quality. Cation exchange membranes were shown to possess superior mechanical strength and chemical resistance, as compared to cellulosic membranes.
Tan, M. K.↗
Water vapor diffusion membrane development
A total of 18 different membranes were procured, characterized, and tested in a modified bench-scale vapor diffusion water reclamation unit. Four membranes were selected for further studies involving membrane fouling. Emphasis was placed on the problem of flux decline due to membrane fouling. This is discussed in greater details under "Summary and Discussion on Membrane Fouling Studies" presented in pages 47-51. The system was also investigated for low temperature application on wash-water where the permeated water is not recovered but vented into space vacuum.
Tan, M. K.↗
Ionization effects due to solar flare on terrestrial ionosphere
Sudden frequency deviation ionospheric disturbances related to the flares of May 18 and 19, 1973 were observed from the NASA/MSFC high frequency Doppler sounder array system in Huntsville, Alabama. The results are compared with those observed at Table Mountain near Boulder, Colorado and at the University of Hawaii.
Wu, S. T.↗
Diurnal variation of the Jovian ionosphere
The time-dependent structure of the Jovian ionosphere is examined. Diurnal variation of appreciable magnitude is revealed in the lower ionosphere. The upper ionosphere remains more or less intact at nighttime, as in the case of the earth's ionosphere. There is considerable difference in the height-integrated electrical conductivities on the day and night sides.
Tan, A.↗
Water vapor diffusion membrane development
An application of the water vapor diffusion technique is examined whereby the permeated water vapor is vented to space vacuum to alleviate on-board waste storage and provide supplemental cooling. The work reported herein deals primarily with the vapor diffusion-heat rejection (VD-HR) as it applies to the Space Shuttle. A stack configuration was selected, designed and fabricated. An asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane, used in reverse osmosis application was selected and a special spacer was designed to enhance mixing and promote mass transfer. A skid-mount unit was assembled from components used in the bench unit although no attempt was made to render it flight-suitable. The operating conditions of the VD-HR were examined and defined and a 60-day continuous test was carried out. The membranes performed very well throughout the test; no membrane rupture and no unusual flux decay was observed. In addition, a tentative design for a flight-suitable VD-HR unit was made.
Tan, M. K.↗
Ultrafine PBI fibers and yarns
Gentle precisely controlled process is used to draw polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers to denier as low as 0.17 per fiber. Yarns of lightweight fibers could be useful in applications where lightweight textiles must withstand high temperatures, corrosion, or radiation.
Leal, J. R.↗
Ultralow denier polybenzimidazole (PBI) yarns
A study to determine the feasibility of preparing ultralow denier polybenzimidazole (PBI) yarns was undertaken. Conditions that presently yield multifilament yarns with bundle deniers ranging from 75 to 15,000 were used as a baseline. From this starting point, process parameters were identified that give five filament yarns with yarn densiers as low as 0.80. Physical properties from such ultralow denier yarns were at levels that would permit subsequent fabrication into fabrics.
Tan, M.↗
Evaluation of a new concept for reducing free-stream turbulence in wind tunnels
The feasibility of using a 45 deg-honeycomb for improving the flow quality in wind tunnels was investigated. The results of the experiments indicate that the turbulence levels in a wind tunnel using the 45 deg-honeycomb would be comparable to those obtainable using a conventional honeycomb, i.e., a honeycomb which is positioned normal to the mean flow in the settling chamber. However, this is true only when a 45 deg-screen is mounted immediately downstream of the honeycomb, and when some distance is provided between the trailing edges of the corner turning vanes and the upstream side of the 45 deg-honeycomb. This distance is required for adequate decay of the turning-vane wakes, thereby providing a reasonably uniform mean flow entering the honeycomb. Results demonstrate that this distance should be at least twice the spacing between the turning vanes. Even though the resulting turbulence intensity is the same downstream of both the 45 deg-honeycomb and the conventional honeycomb, there would have to be a significant improvement in the test-section turbulence intensity using the 45 deg-honeycomb to justify the additional expense in fabricating and installing this type of honeycomb.
Wigeland, R. A.↗
Effects of axisymmetric contractions on turbulence of various scales
Digitally acquired and processed results from an experimental investigation of grid generated turbulence of various scales through and downstream of nine matched cubic contour contractions ranging in area ratio from 2 to 36, and in length to inlet diameter ratio from 0.25 to 1.50 are reported. An additional contraction with a fifth order contour was also utilized for studying the shape effect. Thirteen homogeneous and nearly isotropic test flow conditions with a range of turbulence intensities, length scales and Reynolds numbers were generated and used to examine the sensitivity of the contractions to upstream turbulence. The extent to which the turbulence is altered by the contraction depends on the incoming turbulence scales, the total strain experienced by the fluid, as well as the contraction ratio and the strain rate. Varying the turbulence integral scale influences the transverse turbulence components more than the streamwise component. In general, the larger the turbulence scale, the lesser the reduction in the turbulence intensity of the transverse components. Best agreement with rapid distortion theory was obtained for large scale turbulence, where viscous decay over the contraction length was negligible, or when a first order correction for viscous decay was applied to the results.
Tan-Atichat, J.↗
Evaluation of a new concept for reducing free-stream turbulence in wind tunnels
A 45 deg-honeycomb flow manipulator, mounted parallel to the corner turning vanes, was investigated for improving the flow quality in wind tunnels with little or no settling chamber length. This manipulator permits increased turbulence decay distance in comparison to a conventional honeycomb arrangement. The resulting turbulence levels in a wind tunnel using the 45 deg-honeycomb are comparable to those obtained using a conventional honeycomb, but only when a 45 deg-screen is mounted immediately downstream of the honeycomb and when some separation distance between the turning vanes and the 45 deg-honeycomb is provided for adequate decay of the turning vane wakes (at least twice the spacing between the turning vanes).
Wigeland, R. A.↗
An experimental study of the effects of swirl and density difference on mixing in shear flow
Experiments were carried out on the mixing of streams with and without swirl and with and without density differences in a coannular geometry. Three variations of flow visualization techniques were used: direct excitation, collisional excitation, and quenching of the tracer. The axial variation of the flow for the case with swirl in the inner annulus is investigated in some detail. From the flow visualization pictures, it is concluded that the initial Helmholtz instability of the tangential shear layer gives rise to small scale peripheral strucutres, then it is possible that the inner swirling stream drives an instability which turns these small scale peripheral structures into ones of larger scale, thereby rearranging the initial vorticity distribution of the flow field. The pictures also indicate the occurrence of interchange of fluid between the annuli. It is also concluded that the interaction of density field with the resulting radial pressure gradient may have influenced the evolution of the flow structures.
Tan, C. S.↗
Capacity of a multimode direct detection optical communication channel
The capacity is derived under both peak and average signal power constraints and without a signal bandwidth constraint. A random telegraph wave type signalling scheme of Kabanov is known to achieve capacity provided enough signalling bandwidth is available. In the absence of received background noise, an optimally coded PPM system is shown to achieve capacity with greatly reduced bandwidth as compared to Kabanov signals.
Tan, H. H.↗